Chthonascidise 
Chthonascidiae (tho-na-sid'i-6), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. ^Suv, the earth, + NL. Asciditu, q. v.] The 
ascidians proper, or true ascidians, as distin- 
guished from the salps. 
chthonian (tho'ni-an), a. [< Gr. xQovioc., adj., 
< x^" v (xPv-)> the ground, earth.] 1. Of or re- 
lating to the under world ; subterranean. 
The divine beings who in the historic ages of Greece were 
the heads and representatives of chthonian worship were 
Demeter and Persephone. Keary, Prim. Belief, p. 217. 
To Hecate dogs were offered, also honey and black she- 
lambs, as black victims were offered to other CMkonian 
deities. Encyc. Brit., XI. 609. 
2. Springing from the earth, 
chthonic (thon'ik), a. [< Gr. xQ<*> v > the ground, 
earth (see chthonian), + -ic."\ Of or pertaining 
to the under world. 
The chthonic divinity was essentially a god of the re- 
({ions under the earth; at first of the dark home of the 
seed, later on of the still darker home of the dead. 
Kearil, Prim. Belief, p. 215, foot-note. 
chthonophagia, chthonophagy (thon-o-fa'ji-a, 
tho-nof 'a-ji), n. [NL. chthonophagia, < Gr. 
%0&v, eartn, 4- -tyayia, < Qaytlv, eat.] In pathol., 
a morbid propensity for eating dirt ; oaohexia 
Africana. 
Chuana (cho-an'a), w. Same as Bantu. 
chub (chub), n. [Assibilated form of cult, a 
lump, heap, mass, and of cob in similar senses 
(see cub 2 , cob 2 ), < ME. "cubbe in dim. cubbel, a 
block to which an animal is tethered (cf. E. 
dial, kibble, a stick, Sc. kibbling, a cudgel), < 
Icel. kubbr, kumbr, a block, stump (Haldorsen), 
also in comp. tre-kubbr, -kumbr, a log ( tre = E. 
tree),=Norw. kubb, kubbe, a block, stump, log,= 
Sw. kubb, a block, log : perhaps connected with 
the verb, Icel. Norw. Sw. dial, kubba (> ME. cob- 
ben: see cob 1 , v.), hew, chop, lop. Cf. chump, 
chunk, club, clump, knob, knub, nub, stub, stump, 
words associated in form and sense, though of 
different origin. With chub as applied to a per- 
son or an animal, cf. co& 2 as similarly applied.] 
1 . One who is short and plump; a chubby person. 
Good plnmp-cheekt chub. Afarston, What you Will, ii. 1. 
2f. A jolt-head or clownish fellow. E. Phillips, 
1706. 3. A name of various fishes, (a) The com- 
mon name in England of the Leuciscus or Squalius cepha- 
lus, a flsh of the family Cyprinidce. It has a thick fusi- 
992 
about 20 wavy blackish streaks extending to 
just below the lateral line, 
chub-sucker (chub'suk"er), n. A catostomiue 
flsh, KrimyaoH succtta, with the air-bladder di- 
vided into two parts and no lateral line, it attains 
a maximum length of about 10 inches. In the breeding 
season the male develops conspicuous tubercles on each 
I. Spur-chuck. 
. Universal chuck. 
Chub (Lcuciscus cephalns). 
form shape, broad blunt head, 2 rows of pharyngeal teeth, 
moderate-sized scales, and the dorsal and anal fins have 
generally each 11 rays. The head and back are greenish- 
gray, grading into silvery on the sides and whitish on the 
belly. It reaches occasionally a weight of about 5 pounds, 
is common in European streams, and is a rather popular 
game-fish, although inferior as food. (&) A name in Cali- 
fornia and Utah of a cyprinoid fish, much like the Euro- 
pean chub, Leuciscus or Squalius atrarius. It is a market- 
fish, but little esteemed, (c) A name in various parts of 
the United States of a cyprinoid fish, Semotttus bttUarix ; 
the fall-fish, (d) A local name in the United States of a 
catostomoid flsh of the genus Erimyzon ; the chub-sucker 
(which see), (e) A local name in Bermuda of a salt-water 
pimelepteroid fish, Pimelepteru* or Cyphonus boscii. It is 
there quite an important food-fish. See cut under Pimelep- 
terinat. (/) A local name in the United States of a sciee- 
noid fish, Lioxtomuji xanthurux ; the lafayette. (#) A local 
name in New Jersey of a labroid flsh, Tautoga onitix; the 
tautog. 
chubbed (chub'ed or chubd), a. [< chub + -erf 2 . 
Cf. chubby."] Chubby. Johnson. [Rare.] 
chubbedness (chub'ed-nes), n. Chubbiness. 
[Rare.] 
Chubbiness (chub'i-ncs), n. [< chubby + -ness."] 
The state of being chubby. 
chubby (chub'i), a. [< chub + -y 1 ; = Sw. dial. 
kubbug, fat, plump, chubby. Cf. chuffy 2 and 
chubbed."] Round and plump. 
I ;< >i i r 1 1 1 chubby faces and high cheek-bones. 
Cook, Voyages, VI. iv. 9. 
Then came a chubby child and sought relief, 
Sobbing in all the impotence of grief. Crabbe. 
chub-cheeked (chub'chekt), a. Having full or 
chubby cheeks. 
chubdar (chub'darX . Same as chobdar. 
chub-faced (chub'fast), a. Having a plump 
round face. 
I never saw a fool lean : the chub-faced fop 
Shines sleek. Marston, Antonio's Revenge. 
Chub-mackerel (chub'mak"e-rel), n. The 
Scomber pneumatophorus, a small mackerel, dis- 
tinguished by the development of an air-blad- 
der and by its color, which is blue, relieved by 
Chub-sucker (Erimyzon sucetta). 
(From Report of U. S. Fish Commission.) 
side of the snout ; it is otherwise subject to considerable 
variation, according to size, sex, and locality. It occurs in 
still fresh waters from Canada to Florida and Texas, and 
westward to the Kocky Mountains, and is everywhere 
abundant in suitable localities. 
chuck 1 (chuk), r. [< ME. chitkkeu; imitative, 
like cluck = clock 1 , q. v. Hence freq. chitrkU- 1 . 
cackle, etc., and ult. cock 1 ; cf. also chock 1 and 
choke 1 ."] I. intrans. 1. To make a low guttural 
sound, as hens and cocks and some other birds 
in calling their mates or young ; cluck. 
He [the cock] chukketh whan he hath a corn i-founde. 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 381. 
2f. To laugh with quiet satisfaction ; chuckle. 
Who would not chuck to see such pleasing sport? 
Margton, Satires, i. 
I have got 
A seat to sit at ease here, in mine inn, 
To see the comedy ; and laugh, and chuck 
At the variety and throng of humours. 
B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1. 
II. trans. To call with chucking or clucking, 
as a hen her chicks. 
Then crowing, clapp'd his wings, th' appointed call, 
To chuck his wives together. Dryden, Cock and Fox. 
chuck 1 (chuk), n. [< chuck 1 , >.] A low gut- 
tural sound, like the call of a hen to her young. 
He made the chuck four or five times, that people use to 
make to chickens when they call them. Sir W. Temple. 
chuck 1 (chuk), intcrj. [See chuck 1 , v. and .] 
An utterance, generally repeated, used by a 
person to call chickens, pigs, or other animals, 
as when they are to be fed. 
chuck 2 (chuk), n. [A var. of chick 1 , prob. 
through influence of chuck 1 .] 1. A hen. [Prov. 
Eng.] 2. A term of endearment. 
Pray you, chuck, come hither. Hhak., Othello, iv. 2. 
chuck 3 (chuk), v. t. [A var. of chock 3 , q. y.] 
1. To pat playfully; give a gentle or familiar 
blow to. 
Come, chuck the infant under the chin. Conqrevf. 
2. To throw or impel, with a quick motion, a 
short distance; pitch: as, chuck the beggar a 
copper ; he was chucked into the street. [Colloq.] 
And no boy ... on our farm durst ever get into a sad- 
dle, because they all knew the master would chuck them 
out. K. D. Blackmore, Lorna Dooue, p. 37. 
England now 
Is but a ball chuck'd between France and Spain, 
His in whose hand she drops. 
Tennyson, Queen Mary, iii. 1. 
chuck 3 (chuk), n. [< chuck 3 , v."\ 1. A gentle 
or playful blow or tap, as under the chin. 
He gave the sleeping Neddy a chuck under the chin, 
which cut his tongue. 
Jon Bee, Essay on Samuel Foote, p. xxxi. 
2. A toss, as with the fingers ; a short throw. 
[Colloq.] 
chuck 4 (chuk), n. [Of uncertain and prob. va- 
rious origin; in the sense of 'block,' cf. chunk 1 
(and chub, chump, etc.), also cocA' 3 , a heap; in 
the sense of ' sea-shell,' cf. chack 1 and cockle 2 . 
In the mechanical uses also chock, and associ- 
ated with chuck 3 , chock 3 , to throw, and prob. also 
with chock 1 , choke 1 : see chuck 3 , chock 3 , chock^, 
chock 1 .'] 1. Ablock; " a great chip," Halliwell. 
[Prov. Eng.] 2. A sea-shell. [North. Eng.] 
3. A pebble or small stone. 4. pi. In Scot- 
land, a common game among children, in which 
five pebbles (or sometimes small shells) are 
thrown up and caught on the back of the hand, 
or one is thrown up, and before it is caught 
as it falls the others are picked up, or placed in 
ones, twos, threes, or fours. Sometimes called 
chuckles. See jackstone. 5. In turnery, a block 
or other appendage to a lathe to fix the work 
chuckle 
for the purpose of turning it into any desired 
form. It is a general term including all those contri- 
vances which serve to connect the material to be operated 
upon to the mandrel of the lathe. 
A nimple chuck is one which is ca- 
pable of communicating only the 
motion round a determinate axis 
which it receives itself. A ann- 
bination chuck is one by means of 
which the axis of the work can be 
changed at pleasure ; such are ec- 
centric chucks, oval chucks, seg- chuck. 1 " 
ment, engine, geometric chucks. 
etc. Arbor-Chuck, a chuck in the form of a mandrel or 
axis, on which a ring, wheel, collar, or similar work is se- 
cured to be turned. Bicyclic chuck, a contrivance by 
which two rigidly connected points are forced to move 
on the circumferences of two fixed circles. Eccentric 
Chuck, a lathe-chuck with an attachment for throwing its 
center out of line with the center of the lathe, and thus caus- 
ing the figure cut by the latin- to assume varimis degrees 
of eccentricity. See rose-engine, - Expanding chuck, a 
chuck with adjustable jaws to admit of its grasping ob- 
jects of different sizes. Oval chuck, a chuck designed 
for oval or elliptic turning. It consists of three parts: 
the chuck proper, a slider, and an eccentric circle. It is 
attached to the puppet of the lathe, and imparts a sliding 
motion to the work. Also called elliptic chuck. Reverse- 
jaw chuck, a chuck the jaw of which can be reversed, so as 
ti> allow it to hold by either the interior or the exterior of 
the work. Screw-cutting Chuck, a lathe-chuck adapted 
for i-utting screw-threads on rods or screw-blanks. 
chuck 4 (chuk), v. t. [< chuck*, .] To fix in a 
lathe by means of a chuck. 
Each cylinder cover may be chucked in an ordinary lathe. 
Campin, Mech. Engineering, p. 63. 
chuck 5 (chuk), H. [A var. of chack 3 ."\ A local 
British name of the chack. See chack 3 . 
chuck 6 (chuk), H. A dialectal form of cheek. 
chuck 7 (chuk), n. [A clipped form of wood- 
t-l/itck.'] A woodchuck. [Colloq., U. S.] 
chuckabiddy (chuk'a-bid"i), . Same as chicka- 
biddy. 
chuck-a-by (chuk'a-bl), n. [Cf. chuck% and 
lullaby."] A term of endearment. 
chucker (chuk'er), n. A frozen oyster. [New 
Jersey, U. S.] 
chuck-farthing (ehuk'far"THing), n. [< chuck 3 
+ obj. farthing."] A play in which a farthing 
is pitched or chucked into a hole. 
He lost his money at chuck-farthing, shuffle-cap, and 
all-fours. Arbuthnot, John Bull. 
Chuck-farthing [was] played by the boys at the com- 
mencement of the last century ; it probably bore some 
analogy to pitch and hustle. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 493. 
chuck-full, a. See choke-full. 
chuckle 1 (chuk'i), n. [Sc., dim. of chuck?."] 
1. A hen or chicken. 2. A term of endear- 
ment. 
Chuckle 2 (chuk'i), n. [Sc., dim. of chuck*, 3.] 
1. A chuck; a jackstone. 2. pi. See chuck*, 4. 
chuckierstane, chuckle-stone (chuk'i-stan, 
-ston), . [Sc., < chuckie 2 + stane = E. stone."} 
A pebble such as children use in the game 
called chucks or chuckies in Scotland ; a jack- 
stone. See chuck*, 4. 
chucking-machine (chuk'ing-ma-shen' 1 '), n. 
A machine-lathe in which there is substituted 
for the ordinary tailstock a head containing a 
number of tool-spindles, any one of which, by 
a revolution or some rocking or sliding motion 
of the head, can be brought at will into action 
upon the piece of work. A succession of 
operations upon the work can thus be effected 
without removing it from the lathe. 
chuck-lathe (chuk'laTH), . A lathe in which 
the work is gripped or held by a socket at- 
tached to the revolving mandrel of the head- 
stock. This form is used for turning a large variety of 
useful and ornamental objects, such as cups, spools, etc. 
E. H. Knight. 
chuckle 1 (chuk'i), r. ; pret. and pp. chuckled, 
ppr. chuckling. [Freq. of chuck 1 , r.] I. intrans. 
1. To make a clucking sound, as a hen. 
It clutter'd here, it chuckled there, 
It stirred the old wife's mettle. 
Tennyson, The Goose. 
2. To laugh in a suppressed, covert, or sly 
manner; express inward satisfaction, derision, 
or exultation by subdued laughter. 
The fellow rubbed his great hands and chuckled. 
f '" ' Bitln-er, Pelham, xxiii. 
Sweet her chuckling laugh did ring. 
As down amid the flowery grass 
He set her. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. S3. 
II. trans. If. To call by chucking or cluck- 
ing, as a hen her chicks. 
If these birds are within distance, here's that will 
chuckle 'em together. Dryden. 
2. To utter as a chuckle. [Rare.] 
At thy chuckled note, 
Thou twinkling bird, 
The fairy fancies range. 
Tennyson, Early Spring. 
