church-ale 
bestow. This they employ in brewing, baking, anil other 
ocatos, against Whitsuntide, upon which holidays the 
neixht>our.s meet at the church-house, ami then- m.nilv 
feed on their own victuals, coiltri billing some petty portion 
to tin; stock, which by niany simills groweth [ a n ,eetly 
greatness : for there is entertained a kind of emulation 
between these wardens, ho, liy Ills uraciousncss in gath- 
ering. :uiil t,'<"><l husbandry in e.xpeniliie.'. ran best mKanrr 
tlie ( Imreh , profit. It. i 
3. A custom of collecting contributions of malt 
from the parishioners, with which a quantity 
of ale was browed, and gold for the payment o"f 
churcli expenses: used in this lutcrsense about 
or soon after the time of Magna Charta. Stiili/m. 
church-bred (cherch'bred), . Educated in, or 
for the M-rvice of, the church. Cowper. 
church-bug (ehftroh'bng), . A land isopod 
crustacean, the common wood-louse, Onitcus 
ascllus: so called because often found in 
churches. 
Churchdom (chf-reli'dum ), it. [< church + -dom.] 
The government, jurisdiction, or authority of 
the church. [Rare.] 
Whatsoever church pretemleth to a new beginning, pre- 
tendeth at the same time to a new cttru''i>ifin. 
, I:\IIMS. of Creed, i\. 
. , . , . 
church-due (oherch'du), n. An assessment on 
members of a church for pay ing its expenses. 
Nothing did he dislike more heartily than this collect- 
IIIK of mufeMnu, notliin- did he do more faithfully. 
'. M. Baker, New Timothy, ji. '.'4. 
churchessett, . [Also churset, chenet, and (by 
misreading of a chernet) acherset (ML. <//</ -.,< '- 
turn, cirifsetum), for ME. "churcheshet, < AS. 
ciric-, cyric-sccat, a payment to the church, usu- 
ally of corn or other provisions, < ciric, church, 
+ scent, payment. A different word from, but 
confused with, church-scot, q. v.] A certain 
measure of corn anciently given to the church 
on St. Martin's day. Sclden. 
church-gangt, . [< ME. chirchegmtg, chyrclir- 
gong (= Or nes. kerkgung = D. kerkgang = G. 
kirchgang = Icel. kirkjugangu = Sw. ki/rkogAng 
= Dan. kirkegang), < chirche, etc.. church, + 
gang, gong, going : see church and gang. Ct. 
church-going?.] 1. Church-going; attendance 
at church. 
Sum . . . don for the dede [dead] chirche-aony, 
Elmesse-glfte and niesse-song. Gen. and Ex., 1. 2465. 
2. A going to church to return thanks after de- 
livery from danger; especially, the churching 
of women. See church, v., 1. 
church-garth (cherch'garth), n. [< church + 
garth. Cf. churchyard?] A churchyard. 
church-goer (cherch'go^er), n. One who at- 
tends church. 
church-going 1 (cherch'go"ing), a. [< church 
+ going, ppr. of go.'} Habitually attending 
church: as, he is not a church-going man; the 
church-going classes. 
church-going a (cherch'go'ing), n. and a. [< 
church + going, verbal n. of go. In older E. 
church-gang, q. v.] I. n. The act or practice 
of going to church. 
H. a. Giving notice to go to church ; sum- 
moning to church. 
The sound of the church-going bell 
These valleys and rocks never heard. 
Cowper, Alexander Selkirk. 
church-hawt (cherch'hft), n. [< ME. cherche- 
hawe, chirchehawe, < cherche, church, + hawc, 
haw, hedge : see church and hate 1 .] A church- 
yard. 
In feld, in chlrch, or in chirchhawe. 
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
He was war, withouten doute, 
Of the flr In the chirchehawe. 
Seven Sages, 1. 2624. 
Also al they what somewer byen [be] whlche violently 
drawen out of cherchehawe any f ugitif thider fled for socur 
or which y> forbeden him necessary UHode. 
Arnald's Chronicle, 1502 (ed. 1811, p. 175). 
church-hayt (cherch'ha), n. [< ME. chyrche- 
haye, chircheie for "chircheheie, < chirche, church, 
+ hayc, hay, hedge : see church and hay?.] A 
churchyard ; a church-haw. 
church-house (cherch'hous), n. 1. In England, 
in medieval times, and as revived in the pres- 
ent century, a parish building used for various 
purposes of business or entertainment. 
No one until quite recently seems to have teen aware 
that the church-hoiwewtu a building which, If not always, 
was at least commonly attached to the parish church. Its 
uses were varied ; indeed, it would seem to have teen the 
public room of the parish, which could, with the consent 
of the churchwardens, be used for any purpose that the 
needs of the parish rendered necessary. One function it 
iitcharged, and that pretty frequently, was that of a hall 
in which the church-ales could be held. 
JT. and Q., 7th ser., IV. 119. 
2{. A building in which to rest, keep warm, eat 
lunch, etc., between the services of the church 
i>n Sunday ; a Sabbath-day house. [U. S.] 
995 
churchillt, . [Named after John Churchill, 
Duke of Marlborough (1650-1722).] A broad 
straw hat worn by the ladies of London in the 
rei{,'ii of Queen Alffie. 
Churchism (cherch'izm), n. [< church + 4m. ] 
Strict adherence to the forms, principles, or 
discipline of some church, especially a state 
church. 
churchite (chcrch'it), . [After the English 
mineralogist A. H. Church.] A rare phosphate 
of cerium and calcium, occurring in fan-like 
aggregates of light-gray crystals, in Cornwall, 
England. 
Church-land (chereh'land), >i. [< ME. chin-h,-- 
lond (= OS. kiriklitint = Icel. //.;/'/////); < 
.church + land.] Land belonging to a church, 
benefice, or religious house ; land vested in nn 
ecclesiastical body. 
Churchless (cherch'les), a. [<cliur<-h + -less.] 
Without a church; not attached or belonging 
to any church. 
church-like (oherch'lik), a. [< church + !,!:,, 
a. Cf. churchly.] \ . Becoming or befitting the 
church or a churchman. 
Lancaster, . . . 
Whose chvrch-Uke humours lit not for a crown. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., i. i. 
2. Resembling a church. 
churchliness (eherch'li-nes), . [< churchly + 
-ness.] The state or quality of being churchly. 
Its [Epistle to Epheslans'] churchlinest Is rooted and 
(.'rounded in christliness. and has no sense whatever if sep- 
arated from this root. Schaf, Hist. Christ. Church, I. i 95. 
chnrchling (cherch'ling), n. [< church + -ling 1 .] 
A mere churchman; a bigoted churchman. A. 
liililf-r. [Rare.] 
church-litten (church'lit'n), n. [< ME. chirche- 
lyttoun; < church + litten.] A churchyard. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Church-loaf (cherch'lof), , Before the Refor- 
mation in England, bread blessed by the priest 
after mass and distributed to the people. This 
was not a part of the eucharistic sacrifice, the bread be- 
ing common leavened bread made in loaves. 
Churchly (cherch'li), a. [< ME. 'chireheli, < 
AS. ciriclic, circlic (= G. kirchlich), < ciric, 
church, + -lie: see church and -ly 1 .] 1. Per- 
taining or relating to the church, or to its gov- 
ernment, forms, or ceremonies; ecclesiastical. 
Epbesians is the most churchly book of the New Testa- 
ment. Schaf, Hist. Christ. Church, I. g 95. 
2. Devoted to, or inclined to attach great im- 
portance to. the order and ritual of a particular 
section of the Christian church. 
His mission to teach churchly Christianity. 
The American, VI. 7. 
3. In accordance with ecclesiastical standards 
or ceremonies; appropriate for a church: as, 
a churchly building; churchly music, etc. 
churchman (cherch'man), n. ; pi. churchmen 
(-men). [Not in ME. "or AS.] 1. An eccle- 
siastic; a clergyman; one who ministers in 
sacred things. 
What, cardinal, is your priesthood grown peremp- 
tory? . . . 
Churchmen so hot? Shak., 2 Hen. VI., U. 1. 
It is a curious fact, that amonglts [Marshal Saxe's army's] 
officers, one of the most conspicuous and successful was 
by profession a Churchman. Leclcy, Eng. in 18th Cent., iii. 
2. An adherent of the church ; specifically, in 
England, a member of the Church of England, 
as distinguished from a dissenter; in the Unit- 
ed States, a member of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church, as distinguished from a member of 
any other church. 
My friend Sir Roger, being a good churchman, has beau- 
tified the inside of his church with several texts of his 
own choosing. Addunn, Sir Roger at Church. 
churchmanlike (chferch'man-lik), a. Like a 
churchman ; belonging to or befitting a church- 
man. 
There might In the lower orders be much envy and 
jealousy of those who rose from their ranks to the height 
of church-manlike dignity. 
Milman, Latin Christianity, nil. 1. 
churchmanly (cherch'man-li), a. [< church- 
man + -ly 1 .] Churchmanlike. [Rare.] 
churchmanship (cherch'man -ship), ii. [< 
churchman + -ship.] The "state of being a 
churchman. 
church-member (cherch'mem'ber), n. A mem- 
ber of a church ; one in communion with and 
belonging to a church. 
church-membership (cherch'mem'ber-ship), n. 
1. Membership in a church. 2. The collective 
body of members of a church. 
Unity In the fundamental articles of faith was always 
strictly insisted upon as one necessary condition of church- 
membrnihip. Waterland, Fundamentals, Works, VIII. 90 
churchwoman 
church-mouse (chen-li'mous'), . A mouse 
supposed In live in a church, where there is 
nothing for it to eat; hence the proverbial say- 
ing, ' poor as u /Iniri-li-iiinii. , .'' 
church-OUtedt (cliercli'oii ted), (i. [<rhi,rch + 
oniiil, pp. of aid, r.] Excommunicated from 
the church. 
Howsoever thus ' i.y tin- I'rclats, hence may 
appear the right I h.-.ve to meddle in these matters, as be- 
fore the necessity and constraint appeal d. 
.(/</'"/(. i iMiirh Uovenirnent, Pref., II. 
church-owl (cherch'oul), n. A name for the 
barn-owl, Aluco jlamnieus, from its oft on nest- 
ing in liclfrie.s in' .steeples. 
church-quackt ('li(''rcli / kwak), . A clerical im- 
postor. <'nir/,ii: [Rare.] 
church-rate (diereh'rat), n. In England, a rate 
raised, by resolution of a majority of the pa- 
rishioners in vestry assembled, from the occupi- 
ers of land and houses within a parish, for the 
purpose of maintaining the church and its ser- 
vices. In 1868 an act was pawed abolishing 
church-rates, except such as, under that name, were appll 
cable to secular purposes. 
He [Matthew Arnold] regards the desire to get Church, 
ratet abolished and certain restrictions on marriage re. 
moved as proving undue belief In machinery among Dis- 
senters. //. H,*ncer, Study of Sociol., p. 237. 
Churchreevet (cherch'rev), n. [< ME. chirche- 
reve, < chirche, church, + reve, reeve, a steward: 
see church and reeve. In the passage below, 
which is awkwardly worded, chircheretes refers 
to guilty officers of the church, but is taken by 
some for 'church-robbing' (ME. reven, reave, 
rob).] A reeve or steward of a church; a 
churchwarden . 
An Erchedekene . . . 
That boldely did execucloun 
In punysshynge of fornlcacloun, 
Of chirchcreve*, and of testamentz, 
Of contractes, and of lakke of sacramentz. 
Chaucer, Friar's Tale, 1. 7. 
church-scot (cherch'skot), n. [< church + scot. 
The AS. word was ciric-sceat, circ-aceat, < ciric, 
ch urch, + scea t, money, a certain piece of money, 
a diff. word from sent. q. v. See churchcsset.] 
1. Formerly, in England, customary obliga- 
tions paid to the parish priest, exemption from 
which was sometimes purchased. 
[Knute] also charges them to see all churchtcot and 
Romescot fully cleered. Daniel, Hist. Eng., p. 18. 
2. A service due to the lord of the manor from 
a tenant of church-lands. 0. Shipley. 
Churchship (cherch'ship), n. [< church + -ship.] 
The state of being or existence as a church. 
The Jews were his own also by right of churchnhip. 
South, Sermon on St. John. 
Church-town (cherch'town), n. [< church + 
town; = Sc. kirk-town (def. 2). Cf. ME. cherch- 
toun, < AS. ciric-tun, a churchyard: see church 
and town.] If. A churchyard. 2. A town or 
village near a church. 
church-waket (cherch'wak), n. [< church + 
wake 1 . Cf. AS. ciric-wcecee.] The anniversary 
feast of the dedication of a church, 
churchwarden (cherch'war'dn), n. [< ME. 
chirchewardcin, kirkeirardein ; < church + war- 
den. Cf. AS. ciric-weard, < ciric, church, + 
weard, E. ward, a keeper.] 1. In the Angli- 
can Church, an officer whose business it is to 
look after the secular affairs of the church, and 
who in England is the legal representative of the 
parish. Churchwardens are appointed by the minister, 
or elected by the parishioners, to superintend the church, 
its property and concerns, to enforce proper and orderly 
behavior during divine service, and in England to fix the 
church-rates. For these and many other purposes, includ- 
ing in England some of a strictly secular character, they 
possess corporate powers. There are usually two church- 
wardens to each parish, but by custom there may be only 
one. By a canon of the Church of England, joint consent 
of minister and parish should attend the choice of church- 
wardens. If theycannot agree, the minister names one and 
the parishioners the other. In some cases the parish has 
a right by custom to choose both. In the United States 
churchwardens are always elected, but have duties simi- 
lar to the above. In colonial times, in most of the middle 
and southern colonies, they had civil duties In connection 
with the local government of the parish. 
2. A long clay pipe. [Eng.] 3. A shag or 
cormorant. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] 
churchwardenship (cherch' war dn -ship), n. 
[< churchwarden + -ship.] The office of a 
churchwarden. 
churchway (cherch'wa), . A road which leads 
to a church; a pathway through a churchyard. 
Every one [grave] lets forth his sprite, 
In the church-way paths to glide. 
Shale., M. N. D., v. 2. 
churchwoman (cherch'wum'an), n. ; pi. church- 
women (-wim'en). A female member of the 
church, specifically of the Anglican Church. 
