Cidaris tribuloidts, viewed from the ac- 
tinal side. The spines are removed from 
' half of 
cidaris 
species are mostly (if warm seas. C. trUndtndcx is found on 
the Atlantic coast. A British species found in Shetland 
is C, papillata, call- 
ed the piper-urchin, 
from some fancied 
resemblance of its 
globular body and 
spines to a bagpipe. 
cidarite (sid'a- 
rit), H. [< Cida- V 
rig, '2, + -ite'*."} 
A fossil repre- 
sentative of the 
genus Cidaris, 
or some similar 
echiuoid, found 
in the Carbonif- 
erous limestone 
and upward. one in ,e ram bulacrai area and 
Many eidarites are another, 
of large size, and 
are furnished with long and often curiously ornamented 
spines. See Cularidce. 
cider (si'der), n. [Early mod. E. also cyder, 
sider, syder, < ME. cidre, cyder, sidcr, syder, cy- 
ther, sither, sytlrir, etc. (also steer, siser, etc., 
after L.), < OF. sidre, cidere, F. cidre = Sp. si- 
dra, OSp. sizra, = Pg. cidra = It. cidro, sidro, 
cider, < L. sicera, < Gr. a'tKepa, < Heb. shekdr (= 
Ar. sakar), strong drink, < shdkar, be intoxi- 
cated.] If. A strong liquor. 
He schall not drinke wyn ne fydyr [A. V., strong drink). 
Wydif, Luke i. 15. 
2. Formerly, any liquor made of the juice of 
fruits ; now, the expressed juice of apples, 
either before or after fermentation. 
We had also drink, wholesome and good wine of the 
grape, a kind of cider made of a fruit of that country. 
Bacon. 
A flask of cider from his father's vats, 
Prime, which I knew. Tennyson, Audley Court. 
Cider Act, an English statute of 1763 (3 Geo. III., c. 12), 
imposing additional and heavy taxes upon wine, vinegar, 
cider, perry, etc. It caused great agitation in the coun- 
try. Hard cider, fermented cider; cider that has lost 
its sweetness from fermentation. Sweet Cider, cider 
before fermentation, or cider in which fermentation has 
been prevented. Water cider, a weak ciiier made by 
adding to the apples, after the first pressing, one half their 
weight of water, and expressing the liquor a second time. 
cider-brandy (si'der-bran'di), n. A sort of 
brandy distilled from cider. In the United 
States also called apple-jack and apple-brandi/. 
cideristt (si'der- ist), B. [< cider + -ist.] A 
maker of cider. Mortimer. 
ciderkint (si'der-kin), . [< cider + dim. -kin.'] 
An old name for liquor made from the refuge of 
apples after the juice had been pressed out for 
cider. 
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the 
place of small beer. Mortimer. 
cider-mill (si'der-mil), n. A mill for crushing 
apples to make cider ; an establishment where 
cider is made. 
cider-press (si'der-pres), n. A press used in 
extracting cider from crushed or ground apples. 
cider-tree (si'der-tre), . The swamp gum- 
tree of Australia, Eucalyptus Gunnii, the sap of 
which is occasionally made into a kind of cider. 
cider-vinegar (si'der-vin'e-gar), n. A vinegar 
made by the acetifieation of cider. 
ci-devant (se-de-von'), a. [F., former; prop, 
adv., formerly, before : ci, contr. from id, here, 
< L. ecce, lo, + Me, this; dtrant, OF. davant, 
prop, d'avant, < de, of, + arttnt, before: see 
amnt-, avaunfl-.] Former; late; ex-: applied 
to a person with reference to an office or a po- 
sition which he no longer occupies. 
The ci-devant commander. Quarterly Rev. 
Much they marvelled to see the wealth of the ci-devant 
blacksmith, 
All his domains and his herds, and his patriarchal de- 
meanor. Longfellow, Evangeline, ii. 3. 
cidront, . An obsolete variant of citron. 
C. I. E. An abbreviation of Companion of the 
Order of the Indian Empire, an Anglo-Indian 
order of knighthood instituted on January 1st, 
1878. 
cielt, cieledt, etc. See ceil, etc. 
cienaga (se-e-na'ga), n. [Sp. cienaga, a quag- 
mire (cf. cenagal. a quagmire), < cieno, mud, 
mire, < L. ccenum, mud, mire, filth.] A swamp 
or swale : a Spanish word used in Arizona and 
New Mexico, and to some extent in California 
and Texas. Sometimes written cienega. 
cierge(serj),w. [F. : see cerge.] Same as cerge. 
cigar (si-gar'), n. [= D. si'gaar = G. eigarre = 
Dan. Sw. cigar, < F. cigare, < Sp. cigarro = Pg. 
It. cigarro, a cigar, orig. a kind of tobacco grown 
in Cuba.] A cylindrical roll of tobacco for 
smoking, pointed at one end for insertion into 
the mouth and cut at the other for lighting, it 
is made of the leaves of the tobacco-plant divested of the 
1000 
stems and enveloped tightly in a wrapper of the same 
material. A cigar of tapering form, but not pointed at 
either end, is called a cheroot. Also written, improperly, 
cigar-bundler (si-gar'bun"dler), n. A clamp- 
ing-press for packing cigars in bundles. 
Cigar-case (si-gar'kas), . A pocket-case for 
holding cigars. 
cigarette (sig-a-ref), . [< F. cigarette, dim. of 
figure, a cigari] A small cigar made of finely 
cut tobacco rolled up in an envelop of tobacco, 
corn-husk, or thin paper, generally rice-paper, 
so as to form a cylinder open at both ends. 
Cilician 
ment of the eye to vision ;it different distances. See cut 
under eye, - Ciliary muscle Of Riolanus, a small sepa- 
l-ate fasciculus of the orbicularis palpebrarum, running in 
the free margin of the eyelid, inside the eyelashes. Cili- 
ary nerves, long and short, ultimate branches of the nasal 
brunch of the ophthalmic nerve, and of the ciliary gan- 
glion, supplying tin- ciliary muscle and the iris. Ciliary 
neuralgia, neuralgia extending over the brow and down 
the side of the nose, attributed to irritation of the ciliary 
nerves. Ciliary processes, plaits and folds of the cho- 
roid connected with corresponding foldings of the suspen- 
sory ligament of the lens of the eye, circularly disposed 
around the lens behind the iris. They are some 60 or 80 
in number. See cut under eye. Ciliary zone, the ring 
r zone marked out by the ciliary processes. 
Cigarette-filler (sig-a-ret'~fiFer). . A device Ciliata (sil-i-a'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
for filling the envelop of a cigarette with to- <"'<**, having cilia: see cOfate.J 1. The cili- 
ated infusorians; a major group of Infusoria, 
as distinguished from the Flagellata and the 
Tentaculifera, characterized by the possession 
of organs of locomotion and prehension in the 
bacco. 
cigarette-paper (sig-a-ret'pa"per), n. Thin 
paper, commonly rice-paper, used for the wrap- 
pers of the fine-cut tobacco which forms the 
lilling of cigarettes. 
shape of numerous vibratile cilia, more or less 
cigar-'flsn (s!^g!ir 7 fish), (. A carangoid fish, De- completely clothing the body. The cilia are vari- 
motertuituauftatua havino'atriipkfiisifnrmsriaTM. " usly moil 'fl ej as 8et(e . styles, or uncini, and membrani- 
EM*,navingatnicKtuS Ormsnape form expallslong are occasionally found; but the Ciliata 
somewhat resembling that of a cigar, it has rays 
of the dorsal and anal fins detached and developed as pin 
Cigar-fish (Decapffnts punctatus}. 
(From Report of U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) 
nules, and a row of blackish dots along the sides. ] 
" ^^SS^SSftSS^^S^SS *<* Bynonymof ^m CT -to^a (which see). E. It. 
are devoid of the special supplementary lash-like appen- 
dages called flagella. They are usually unsymmetrical 
animals of a high grade of organization in their class, the 
simplest of them being differentiated into an endosarc and 
ectosarc with an endoplastule and contractile vacuole, 
while most, if not all, show an oral region where food is 
ingested, whence an esophagcal depression leads into the 
endosarc ; and there is also, usually, an aboral or anal area 
through which the refuse of digestion is evacuated. The 
families are numerous, and have been divided by Stein into 
the groups Holotriclia, Heterotricha, Hypotricha, and Peri- 
tricha, according to the character of the cilia and their dis- 
position upon the body of the animal. Paramecium and 
Vorticella are common examples of the Ciliata. 
2. A branch of Platyhelmia, consisting of two 
classes, Planarice and Nemertina, as together 
distinguished from a branch Sucloria : an inex- 
an inhabitant of the Caribbean sea a: 
coast of the United States, and abounds o^ucnuuuo, ,.1.010 ,- - ... 
it Is of some importance as a food-fish. Also round-robin. Lankester. [Little used.] 
cigar-holder (si-gar'hol // der), n. A mouth- ciliate, ciliated^ (sil'i-at, 
, 
ginally fringed with hairs, as leaves, petals, etc. ; having 
motile appendages, as reproductive bodies of many crypto- 
Igar-nolder (si-gar'nol"der), n. A mouth- dilate, Ciliated (sil'i-at, 
piece or tube, often of ivory or amber, used to -a-ted), a. [< NL. cilia- 
hold a cigar. Also, rarely, cigar-tube. tus (cf. ML. ciliatus, with 
cigar-plant (si-giir'plant), n. The Cupliea pla- beautiful eyelids), < L. 
tycentra, a native of Mexico, having a bright- (NL.) cilium: see cilium, 
scarlet tubular corolla tipped with black and and cf. Ciliata.'] Fur- 
white, well known in cultivation. nished with cilia ; bear- 
cigar-press (si-giir'pres), . A press used to ing cilia, (a) In bot., mar 
compress cigars preparatory to packing. 
cigar-tree (si-gar'tre), n. A name of the catal- 
pa, from the shape of its pods. 
cigar-tube (si-gar' tub), n. Same as cigar-holder. 
cigninota (sig-ni-no'ta), re. [NL., prop, "eggni- 
iiota, < L. cygnus, swan, + nota, mark.] Same 
as swan-mark. 
Cileryt, cilleryt, . [< "ciler, "ciller, for celer, 
cellcr 1 *, celurc, sculptured work in relief, orna- 
mental carving or other decoration : see celwe."\ 
Ornamental carving around the head of a pil- 
lar ; a volute. 
Valuta [It, = E. volute], that in the ftad or chapiter of 
a plller which sticketh out or hangeth oner in maner of 
a writhen circle or curled tuft, being a kind of worke of 
leaues or some such deuise turned diners and sundrie 
wayes ; camera and painters call it draperie or cillerie. 
Florio. 
Draperit[F.], . . . a flourishing with leaues and flowers 
in wood, or stone, used especially on the heads of pillers, 
and tearmed by our workmen drapery or cilery. Cotgrave. 
cilia, . Plural of cilium. 
ciliary (sil'i-a-ri), a. [= F. clliaire, < NL. 
ciliaris, < L. cilium, an eyelid: see cilium.'} 1. 
Pertaining to or resembling cilia; hair-like; 
ciliate Flower. 
i, 2. Ciliated embryos of common red coral (Corallium rubrum). 
3. Ciliated chamber of a fresh-water sponge (.Spongilla). 4. Free, 
swimming ciliated embryo of a sponge. (All highly magnified.) 
gams. (\i) In anat. and zoiil.. furnished with cilia, in any 
sense ; ciliary : as, ciliated cells ; a ciliated embryo. 
The groups of ciliated cells thus produced . . . form by 
their aggregation discoid bodies. 
If. B. Carpenter, Micros., 241. 
(r.) In entom., provided with a row of even fine, rather 
stiff, and often curved hairs ; fringed: as, a ciliated margin. 
Ciliated chambers, in sponges, various local dilata- 
tions of the inhalent canals, to which the endodennic cells, 
at first forming a continuous layer, are finally restricted. 
Now usually and more accurately called flagellated cham- 
berg. See Leiiconex, and cute under Porifera and Spongilla. 
Ciliated groove, in ascidians, a grooved region of the 
*., . , ? . ' v/iAio.i>cu giuuve, 111 HMioiitiis, a grooved region or me 
filamentous ; specifically, belonging to the eye- body connected with a nerve-center and provided with fla- 
lids : as, the ciliary feathers of birds (that is, K ella > supposed to be a sense-organ, probably olfactory. 
feathers situated on the edges of the eyelids). Ciliated infusorians, the Ciliata.- Ciliated tracts, in 
2 Furnished with , oiliarorl * T>o, ascidians, clefts beset with cilia, situated about the en- 
iisnea witn ili - 
* T>o, 
. d. Pertain- 
, 
trance to the respiratory chamber, and leading thence to 
. eo camer, an eang ence o 
ing to cilia; characteristic of cilia; done by the esophagus or the vicinity of the great nervous ganglion, 
cilia : as, ciliary action ; ciliary motion. 4 Re- " r ending in the ciliated groove (which see, above). = Syn. 
lated, associated, or connected in some wav C!l '' a ' f aml cilinM ar ? 'I 86 ' 1 interchangeably, but the for- 
-- 
eye ; s tedin 
ap - 
thalmic artery, which supply the interior and other parts 
of the eyeball. They are divided into three sets, long, short 
and anterior. Ciliary body, (a) That part of the cho- 
roid coat of the eye which lies in front of " 
(sil-i-a'shon), n. [< NL. as if "cilia- 
tio(n-), < ciliatus : "see ciliate.'] 1. The state 
of being ciliated. 
This general ciliation is only found during the most in- 
different condition of the larva. 
LH me UCIUUIUIHI emails. Also 
called corpus cttiare. (b) In the eye of a cephalopod, a 
thickening of the epithelium on the anterior and posterior 
surfaces of the connective tissue which invests the ciliary 
muscle and extends to the crystalline lens. Also called 
corpus epitheliale. Ciliary canal. See oman. Ciliary 
ganglion. See ganglion. Ciliary ligament, an elastic 
structure surrounding the iris, and connecting the exter- 
nal and middle tunics of the eyeball. See cut under eye. 
Ciliary motion, ciliary movement, the motion of 
cilia which produces the locomotion of the bodies of which 
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 201. 
2. An assemblage or supply of cilia. 3. In 
iye which lies in front of the ora serrata, 
including the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes, but not 
the iris. By some restricted to that part of the choroid 
coat which lies in front of the orbiculus ciliaris. Also ,1 - - -- 
entom.,- the fine hairs of a ciliated margin. 
West-wood. 
ilice (sil'is), n. [< F. cilice = Pr. cilici = Sp. 
Pg. cilicio = It. ciliccio, < L. cilicium, a coarse 
cloth of goats' hair: see cilicious, cilicium.'] 
Same as cilicium. 
Then I must doff this bristly cilice. 
C. Jteade, Cloister and Hearth, xciv. 
they are a part, as in the ciliated protozoans, or maintains cilicia, n. Plural of cilicium. 
the choroid coat of the eyeball. Its contraction draws upon 
i 
, of 
. 
the ciliary processes, affects the shape of the crystalline or pertaining to Clhcia, a country on the south- 
lens, and is the chief agent in the accommodation or adjust- eastern coast of Asia Minor, having on the east 
