cimolia 
cimoliat (si-mo'li-ii), n. [NL., < L. cimolia (sc. 
creta, clay, or terra, earth), < Gr. Kt/iuZia (sc. yfi, 
earth), prop, adj., fern, of Ki/nuAiof (L. Cimolius), 
of K//i<jAof (L. Cimolns), an island of the Cyc- 
lades, now Kimolo or Argentiera.] Cimolite. 
Holland. 
cimolian ( si-mo 'li-an), a. [< cimolia + -an.] 
Pertaining to cimolite. 
Cimoliornis (si-mo-li-6r'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
KiuiAia (see cimolia) + opvif, a bird.] A genus 
of fossil animals, so called because found in 
fimolite. This fossil, from the Chalk of Maidstone, was 
.supposed by Owen to be a bird, and was named C. diome- 
/(((, but was afterward identified by Bowerbank with a 
pterodactyl, Pterodarhilu* yiyanteus. 
cimolite (sim'o-lit), . [< cimolia + -ite^: = 
F. cimolite.'] A. species of clay, or hydrous 
silicate of aluminium, used Ijy the ancients as 
a remedy for erysipelas and other inflamma- 
tory diseases. It is white, of a loose, soft texture, and 
molders into a fine powder. It is useful for taking spots 
from cloth. 
cinapert, n. An obsolete form of cinnabar. 
Great quantitie of quicksiluer and of Cinaper. 
Uakhiyt's Voyages, II. 229. 
cincantert, cincatert, [< F. dnqiumte, < L. 
quinquaginta, fifty, < quinque,&ve: see cinque."] 
A man fifty years old. E. Phillips, 1706. 
cinch (sinch), n. [< Sp. cincha, f., agirth, girdle, 
also cincho, m., < L. cingula, ML. also dngla, 
f., cingulum, neut., > E. cingle, a girdle: see 
tingle.] A saddle-girth made of leather, can- 
vas, or woven horsehair. [Western U. S.] 
The two ends of the tough cordage which constitute the 
cinch terminate in long, narrow strips of leather, called 
latigos [Spanish, thongs], which connect the cinches with 
the saddle and are run through an iron ring, called ... the 
larigo ring, . . . and then tied by a series of complicated 
turns and knots known only to the craft. L. Swinburne. 
cinch (sinch), c. [< cinch, n.] I. trans. 1. To 
gird with a cinch. Hence 2. To bind or sub- 
due by force. [Colloq., western U. 8.] 
II. intrans. To tighten the cinch : used with 
up. 
At Giles's ranch, on the divide, the party halted to cinch 
up. St. Nicholas, XIV. 732. 
cinche, n. Same as chinche 2 . 
cinchomeronic (sin-ko-me-ron'ik), a. Used only 
in the following phrase Cinchomeronic acid, 
CnHgNaOtf, an acid produced by the oxidation of cin- 
chonine with HNO 3 , crystallizing in crusts and nodules of 
small needles. 
Cinchona (sin-ko'na), n. [NL. (Linnreus), for 
Chinchona, so called after the Countess of 
Chinchon (Sp. Chinchon, a town in Spain near 
Madrid), vice-queen of Peru, who in 1638 was 
cured of fever by the use of cinchona bark, 
and who assisted in making the remedy known. 
The NL. name according to the Sp. would 
prop, be Chinchona (pron. chin-cho'na), but it, 
rarely appears in that form, being adapted in 
form and pron. to L. analogies.] 1. A genus 
of evergreen trees, natural order Bubiacea;, na- 
tives of the Andes from the United States of 
Colombia to Bolivia, growing chiefly on the 
eastern slopes at an average altitude of from 
5,000 to 8,000 feet. They are the source of Peruvian 
or cinchona bark and of quinine. There are about 40 spe- 
cies, but the cinchona barks of commerce are produced by 
about a dozen. The barks used in pharmacy are chiefly of 
three kinds : loxa, crown, or pale cinchona bark, the ordi- 
nary Peruvian bark, afforded by C. officinal!*; callwyaor 
Flowering branch of Cinchona Calisaj/a, with single flower 
on larger scale. 
yellow cinchona bark, from C. Calixat/a ; and red cinchona 
bark, from C. succirubra. Several other barks are used 
exclusively in the manufacture of quinine, as the Colom- 
1002 
biiin or Cartagena bark, from C. Imwifolia and C. curdiju- 
lia; Pitayo bark, from C. Pitayensis; gray, Lima, or Hua- 
nuco bark, from C. Peruviana and other species ; and Cusco 
bark, from C. pubescent. The British and Dutch govern- 
ments have done much to promote the cultivation of the 
more important species, and extensive plantations have 
been successfully established in the Himalayas and in Cey- 
lon, Java, and Jamaica. Cinchona bark is most valuable 
as a remedy in fevers and as a general tonic ; but the al- 
kaloids obtainable from the bark have in practice largely 
taken the place of the bark itself. Of these the most abun- 
dant and the one in most common use is quinine. Others 
equally valuable are quinadin, cinchonine, and cinchoni- 
dine. The amount of alkaloids yielded by the bark is very 
variable, from a very small percentage to as much as 12 per 
cent., of which from one third to three fourths is quinine. 
2. II. c.] The medicinal bark of the species of 
Cinchona. African cinchona, the bark of species of 
the rubiaceous genus Sarcocephalw, from western Africa. 
Also called doundakt. 
cinchonaceous (sin-ko-na'shius), a. [< Cin- 
chona + -aceotis.] Pertaining or allied to the 
genus Cinchona. 
cinchonamine (sin-kon'a-min), n. [< cinchona, 2, 
+ amine.] An alkaloid"(C 1 9H 2 4N 2 O) obtained 
from a variety of cuprea bark, the product of 
Eemijia Purdieana. 
cinchonate (sin'ko-nat), n. [< cinchon(ic) + 
-afe 1 .] A salt of c'inchonic acid ; a quinate. 
cinchona-tree (sin-ko'na-tre), n. A tree of the 
genus Cinchona. 
cinchonia (sin-ko'ni-a), n. [NL., < cinchona, 
2.] Same as cinchonine. 
cinchonic (sin-kon'ik), a. [< cinchona, 2, + 
-ic.] Of or belonging to cinchona; derived from 
or having the properties of cinchona : as, cin- 
chonic acid. Also quiniCj kinic. 
cinchonicine (sin-kou'i-sin), . [< cinchonic + 
-ine 2 .] An artificial alkaloid derived from cin- 
chonine and isomeric with it. 
cinchonidia (sin-ko-nid'i-a), n. [< cinchona, _. 
+ -Ml + -'!.] Same as cinchonidine. 
cinchonidina (sin-kon-i-di'na), n. Same as cin- 
chonidine. 
cinchonidine (sin-kou'i-din), n. [< cinchona, 2, 
+ -wi 1 + -c 2 .] An alkaloid of cinchona bark, 
especially abundant in the red bark, and iso- 
meric with cinchonine. It is used in medicine in the 
form of the sulphate for the same purposes as quinine, 
but is a less powerful antiperiodic. 
cinchonine (sin'ko-nin), . [< cinchona, 2, + 
-je 2 . ] An alkaloid (CjgHggNgO) obtained from 
the bark of several species of Cinchona. It crys- 
tallizes in white prisms, which are odorless, not so bitter 
as quinine, with which it is generally associated, and sol- 
uble in alcohol, but not in water. With acids it forms 
crystallizable salts. Its medicinal effects are like those 
of quinine, but milder. Also called cinchonia,. 
cinchoninic (sin-ko-nin'ik), a. [< cinchonine + 
-ic.] In cltem., existing in or derived from cin- 
chonine : as, cinchoninic acid. 
cinchonism (sin'ko-nizm), n. [< cinchona, 2, + 
-ism.] In pathol., a disturbed condition of the 
system, characterized by excessive buzzing in 
the ears, the result of overdoses of cinchona or 
quinine. 
The condition here called cinchonism is marked by the 
occurrence of giddiness, deafness, and a sense of buzzing, 
or some kind of tinnitus, in the ears. 
Sir T. Watson, Lectures on Physic, Ixxxvi. 
cinchonize (sin'ko-nlz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. cin- 
chonized, ppr. cinchoitizing. [< cinchona, 2, + 
-ize.] In med., to bring under the influence of 
the cinchona alkaloids ; administer large doses 
of cinchona_ or quinine to. 
cinchotannic (sin-ko-tan'ik), a. [< cincho(nine) 
+ tann(in) + -ic.] ' Pertaining to or derived 
from cinchonine and tannin Cinchotannic acid, 
a form of tannic acid found in the cinchona barks. 
cinchotenin (sin-kot'e-nin), n. A neutral ni- 
trogenous principle, derived from cinchonine 
by the action of potassium permanganate. 
cinchovatin (sin-ko-va'tin), n. [< cincho(nine) + 
v(inum), wine, + -ate 1 + -in 2 .] Same as aricin. 
Cincian law. See law. 
cincinnal (sin-sin'al), a. [< cincinnus + -al.] 
In hot. and zool., resembling or related to a cin- 
cinnus; scorpioid. Also cicinnal. 
Cincinnati group. See group. 
Cincinnurus (sin-si-nu'rus), n. [NL. (Vieillot, 
1818, in the form Cicinnurus), < L. cincinnus, a 
curl (see cincinnus), + Gr. ovpd, tail.] A genus 
of birds of Paradise, of the family Paradiseidee 
and subfamily Paradiseince, having the two 
middle tail-feathers long-exserted in the form 
of naked wiry shafts coiled at the end into a 
scorpioid or cincinnal racket which bears vanes, 
whence the name. The only species is C. regius, the 
manucode or king bird of Paradise, which is 6j inches 
long, with the middle tail-feathers about as long. The 
male is chiefly of a crimson or flaming orange color, varied 
with iridescent green. The species inhabits New Guinea 
and several neighboring islands, including Salwatti, the 
Aru islands, Misol, and Jobie. 
cinctoplanular 
King Bird uf Paradise (C&tciHtOHtts 
cincinnus (sin-sin'us), n. [NL., < L. cincinnus 
= (perhaps <) Gr. K'MIVVO^, curled hair. Cf. eir- 
rnn.] In bot., a form of definite inflorescence 
in which the successive axes arise alternately to 
the right and left of the preceding one, in dis- 
tinction from the bostri/x, in which the suppres- 
sion is all on one side ; a uniparous scorpioid 
cyme. Also cicinnus. 
cinclid (sing'klid), n. A member of the family 
Cinclidm ; a water-ouzel. 
Cinclidae(sing'kli-de), n.pl. [NL., < Cinclus, 1, 
+ -idee.'] A family of turdoid oscine passerine 
birds, the dippers or water-ouzels, remarka- 
ble among land-birds for their aquatic habits. 
They spend much of their time in the water, through 
which element they fly with ease. They have a stout 
thick-set body; very short tail of 12 rectrices; short 
rounded wings of 10 primaries, the first of which is spuri- 
American Dipper (Cinchis mexicantts}. 
ous ; the tarsi booted ; the bill shorter than the head, slen- 
der, nearly straight, with convex gonys ; the linear nos- 
trils partly overhung by feathers ; and no rictal bristles. 
It is a small group, having the single genus Cinclux and 
about 12 species, inhabiting clear mountain streams of 
most parts of the world. 
cinclides, n. Plural of cinclis. 
Cinclinae (sing-kli'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Cinclus, 
1 (in sense 2, < Cinclus, 2), + -inte.] 1. The 
dippers or water-ouzels rated as a subfamily 
of Turdidte or of some other group of birds. 
2. The turnstones as a subfamily of Hcemato- 
fodidai. G. B. Gray, 1841. See Strcpsilas. 
cinclis (sing'klis), n. ; pi. cinclides (-kli-dez). 
[NL., < Gr. la-ynMc, pi. KiyKAidec, a, latticed gate.] 
An aperture in the wall of the somatic cavity 
of some actinozoans, as sea-anemones, for the 
emission of craspedota and acontia. 
Cinclosoma (sing-klo-so'ma), n. [NL. (Vigors 
and Horsfield, 1825), < Gr. "ttr/K/of, water-ouzel 
(see Cinclus'), + oatta, body.] A genus of Aus- 
tralian birds of uncertain affinities, usually 
ranged with Crateropus. it includes four species, c. 
punctatum, castanonotum, cinnamomeum, and cavtaneu- 
thorax. They are sometimes called arouiul-thrushes. 
Cinclus (sing'klus), n. [NL., <Gr. Kiyid.os, a cer- 
tain bird, according to some a kind of wagtail 
or water-ouzel.] 1. The typical and only ge- 
nus of birds of the family Cinclidte or water- 
ouzels. The European species is C. aquaticus; 
the North American is C. mexicanus. Bechstein, 
1802. See cut under Cinclidte. 2. A name 
given by G. R. Gray (after Moehring, 1752) to a 
genus of wading birds, the turnstones, usually 
called Strepsilas (which see). 
Cinctoplanula (singk-to-plan'u-la), n.; pi. cinc- 
toplannlce (-le). [NL., CL. cincttis, girdled, + 
NL. (LL.) planula: seeplanula.] In zool., a gir- 
dled planula ; the peculiar collared embryo of 
sponges, or the embryonic stage of a sponge 
when it resembles a choanoflagellate inf usorian. 
The gastrula [of certain sponges] evidently occupies a 
stage between that of the amphiblastula, or the parenchy- 
mula when that is present, and the Cinctoplanula or gir- 
dled planula. 
Hyatt, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXIII. 81. 
cinctoplanular (singk - to - plan'u - lar) , a. [As 
Cinctoplanula + -ar'f.] Collared, as 'the embryo 
