cist 
Cist 2 , kist 2 (sist, kist), n. [< W. cist (pron. 
kist), < L. cista, < Gr. niarii, a chest: see c!(l 
an<l c/icsJl.] A place of interment belonging 
to an early or prehistoric period, and consist- 
ing of a stone 
chest formed 
in general of 
two parallel 
rows of stones 
fixed on their Cjst 
edges, and 
covered by similar flat stones, or sometimes in 
rocky districts hewn in the rock itself, cists 
tif tin- former kind an found in barrows or mounds, 
inclosing hones. Also called cistvaen, cextmen, nnd />''->/- 
wen. 
Scarce an old English narrow, or cist, happens to be 
opened, ImtBOlue ornament or another made of crystal is 
found. Ruck, Church of our Fathers, i. :::i:i. 
cist 3 , n. See cyst. 
Cistaceae (sis-ta'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < ('ixitix + 
-acete.] A natural order of polypetalous exo- 
gens, consisting of low shrubby plants or herbs, 
with entire leaves and crumpled, generally 
ephemeral, showy flowers. The principal Kenera 
are Cititu* and Ilelianthemuin, commonly called nick-row. 
Most of the species are natives of the .Mediterranean re- 
gion. See cut under Cistus. 
cistaceous (sis-ta'shius), a. Belonging to the 
natural order Cintacece. 
cistal (sis'tal), a. [< Cistus + -a/.] Kelated to 
the Cistacece : applied by Lindley to one of 
his alliances of plants including the Crucifera;, 
Canparidacece, Resedacew, and Cistacece. 
Cistela (sis-te'la). n. Same as Cistella, 3. 
cistelid (sis'te-Iid), . A beetle of the family 
cistella (sis-tel'S,), . ; pi. cixtella: (-e). [L. 
(NL.), dim. of cista, a box: see cist 1 , chest 1 .'] 1. 
In bot., the capsular shield of some lichens. 
2. [cap.'] [NL.] In zool., a genus of brachio- 
pods, of the family Tcrebratulida;. J. E. Gray, 
1853. 3. [c<y>.] [NL.] In cntom., the typi- 
cal genus of the family Cistfllidw. C. ceram- 
boides and C. sulphurea are examples. Also 
Cistela. 
Cistellidse (sis-tel'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cistella, 
3, 4- -ufce.] A family of heteromerous Coleop- 
tera, with anterior coxal cavities closed behind, 
and tarsal claws pectinate, typified by the 
genus Cistella. 
Cistercian (sis-ter'shian), n. [< F. Cistercien, < 
ML. "Cistercianus, < Cistercium, Latinized form 
of F. Citeaux (see def . ).] A member of an order 
of monks and nuns which takes its name from 
its original convent, Citeaux (Cistercium), near 
Dijon, in France, where the society was found- 
ed in 1098 by Robert, abbot of Molesme, under 
the rule of St. Benedict. They led a contemplative 
and very ascetic life, and, having emancipated themselves 
from the oversight of the bishops, formed a sort of reli- 
gious republic, under the government of a high council of 
twenty-five members, the abbot of Citeaux being presi- 
dent. St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux (founded 1115), was 
the most celebrated member of the order, and is regarded 
as its second founder. Its discipline was afterward greatly 
relaxed, and several times reformed. From the Cister- 
cians emanated the barefooted monks or Feuillants in 
France, the nuns of Port-Royal, and the monks of La 
Trappe. The French revolution reduced the Cistercians to 
a few convents in Belgium, Austria, Poland, and the Saxon 
part of Upper Lusatia. They wear a white cassock with 
a black scapular, but when officiating are clothed with a 
large white gown, with great sleeves and a hood of the 
same color. The Cistercians have abbeys in the United 
States at Oethsemane in Kentucky, and near Dnbuque in 
Iowa. 
cistern (sis'tern), n. [Early mod. E. also cisterne 
and corruptly cestron ; < ME. cisterne, < OF. cis- 
terne, F. citerne = Pr. Sp. Pg. It. cisterna = G. 
Dan. cisterne = Sw. cistern, < L. cisterna, a reser- 
voir for water, < cista, a box, chest : see cisft, 
chest 1 .'] 1. A natural or artificial receptacle or 
reservoir for holding or storing water or other 
fluid, most commonly consisting of mason-work 
sunk in the ground, but sometimes constructed 
of wood and placed on the tops of houses. 
Our intercession, then, 
, Must be to him that makes the camp a eeitron 
Brimm'd with the blood of men. 
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 
My people have . . . forsaken roe, the fountain of liv- 
ing waters, and hewed them out cisterns. Jer. ii. 13. 
A cistern containing a hundred and twenty gallons of 
punch was emptied to his Majesty's health. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxi. 
2f. A vessel made of lead to hold a stock of 
water for household uses ; also, one made of 
silver, copper, or other metal, to put bottles or 
glasses in. E. Phillips, 1706. 3. The vessel 
inclosing the condenser of a condensing steam- 
engine, and containing the injection-water. 
1017 
/-,'. //. Knight. 4. Tho receptacle into which 
glass is ladled from the pots to be poured on 
the table in making plate-glass, or in casting 
glass; a cuvette. I'.. II. Kni/jht. 5. In rfmi/vi- 
tin art: () A large vessel, generally of pot t-rv 
or porcelain, shallow in proportion to its length 
and breadth, anil usually oval in plan. (l>) A 
tank or receptacle for water, usually hung upon 
the wall, and serving to give water, by a spigot 
or tap, for use in washing, etr. : often of fai- 
ence or of copper, and a very decorative object. 
Compare finnilnin in this sense. 6. In anal., 
a reservoir or rerc'ptaoli- of some natural fluid 
of the body cistern of Pecquet (cisterna I Vrqm-t i >, 
in anal., the receptacle of the chyle. Cistern of the 
cerebrum (cisterna cerebri), the fourth ventricle of the 
l>rain.=Syn. !See wO. 
cistic, a. See cystic. 
Cisticola (sis-tik'o-la), n. [NL., < eistus, q. v., 
+ L. colcrc, inhabit.] An extensive genus of 
small warbler-like birds, widely dispersed in 
the old world. It i- of uncertain limits and systematic 
position, hut is commonly placed in the family Tiiitflii- 
i/'i\ and contains many species related to the European 
C. schaenicola or C. curtrilans, often distributed in the gen- 
era DrynuKca, Prinia, etc. It was formerly the specific 
name of the European species Sylvia cistmla, made ge- 
neric by J. J. Kaup in 1829. 
cistome (sis'tom), . [Appar. for "cistostome, 
< Or. niarji, box, chest, + or6/ja, mouth.] In 
bot., the lining membrane of the intercellular 
space into which the stoma of a leaf opens, or 
the space itself. [Bare.] 
cistophore (sis'to-for), n. [< NL. cistophorum, 
< Gr. KUJToQopof, carrying a chest : see cistopho- 
rus.~] In bot., the stipe supporting the fruit in 
certain fungi. 
cistophori, . Plural of cistophorus. 
cistophoric (sis-to-for'ik), a. [< cistopltorus 
+ -jc.] Pertaining to a cistophorus. P. V. 
Head. 
cistophoms (sis-tof'o-rus), n. ; pi. cistophori 
(-ri). [< Gr. Kiaru<t>6po(, carrying a chest; as a 
noun, a coin bearing on the obverse a figure of 
a cist or casket; < Kitm/, chest, + -y6pof, < Qepttv 
= E. bear 1 .] A Greek silver coin, weighing 
on the average something over 193 grains, first 
issued by the kings of Pergamum, probably in 
citadel 
Box-U>rtoise ( Cistttdo Carolina}. 
Cistula (sis'tn-lii), . ; pi. mfii/fr (-16). [L., dim. 
of i-iitta, a box, "chest: see cisfl, chesfl.] 1. A 
small cist; specifically, n reliquary of the shape 
of a box or casket. 2. [nip.] [NL.] In rw'iV. : 
(a) A genus of gastropodous mollusks, of the 
family Cycliatomida. Jlnmplini/. 17!i7. (//) A 
genus of reptiles. Say, 1825. Catoptric cistula. 
Cistulea (sis-tu'le-a), H. pi. [XL., < OMuIO. 2 
(), + -f<t."\ A group of cyclostomoid shells: 
same MS I 'ixtii/inti . 
Cistulinae (sis-tu-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Cixtuln, 
2 (a), + -ilia-.] ' A subfamily of Cyclostomida, 
typified by the genus ' 'ixtnln. The numerous spe- 
cies are inhabitants of tropical America, and chiefly of 
tlie West Indian islands. 
cistUS (sis'tus), n. [= F. ciste = Sp. Pg. cisto 
= It. cisto, cistio, < NL. eistus (L. cisthos), < Gr. 
nioTOf, also Kiatiiif, or kta06f, the rock-rose.] 1. 
A rock-rose; a plant of the genus Cistus. 2. 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Cistophorus of Perffaraum, British Museum. (Size of original.) 
the second century B. c., for circulation in their 
dominions in western Asia Minor. 
In Asia Minor the chief silver coinage consisted of the 
famous CMophori. 
B. V. Head, Historia Numorum, Int., p. Ixii. 
CistothorUS (sis-toth'6-rus), n. [NL. (Cabanis, 
1850), < cistus + Gr. 6opelv, 2d aor. of 6p6onetv, 
leap, spring, rush.] A genus of American 
marsh-wrens, of the family Trofllodytida', con- 
taining such species as the short-billed marsh- 
wren, C. stellaris, of the United States. 
cistudinid (sis-tu'di-nid), n. A tortoise of the 
family Cistudinidce. 
Cistudinidas (sis-tu-din'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cistudo (-din-) + -idte."] A family of crypto- 
dirous tortoises, typified by the genus Cistudo, 
having the plastron united to the carapace by 
a ligamentous lateral suture, and also divided 
transversely into two movable portions, it in- 
cludes all the box-tortoises, of which one genus, Hiiiys, is 
European, and another, Cistudo, American. 
Cistudinina (sis-tu-di-ni'na), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cistudo (-din-) + -ina 2 ."] A" subfamily of Emy- 
doidas, including forms with scarcely webbed 
feet and perfectly closing plastron, it includes 
only the typical box-tortoises of or related to the genus 
Cistudo, the genus Emys being referred to another sub- 
family called by Agassiz Evemydoidce. Also Cistudinince. 
Agassii. 
Cistudo (sis-tu'do), n. [NL. (Fleming, 1822), 
for "Cistitestudo, < L. cista, a box, chest, + 
testudo, a tortoise: see Testudo.] A genus of 
box-tortoises, typical of the family Cistudinidw, 
which have the plastron hinged, so that the 
shell can be made to close upon and entirely 
conceal the animal. C. Carolina is the com- 
mon box-turtle of the United States. 
Rock-rose (Ciitits Cretieut). 
[cop.] [NL.] A genus of plants of many 
species, belonging to the natural order Cis- 
tacece, natives of Europe, or of the countries 
bordering the Mediterranean; the rock-roses. 
Some of them are beautiful evergreen flowering shrubs, 
and ornamental in gardens. Gum ladanum Is obtained 
from C. Creticus, C. ladaniffrtut (called the gum-cistus), 
and other species. Ground-cistus, a dwarf rhododen- 
dron-like plant, Rlmtothamnvji Chaintecisttu, a handsome 
alpine shrub of Switzerland. 
cistvaen, kistvaen (sist'-, kist'va-en or -van), 
n. [< W. cistfaen (/ pron. as E. v), a cist, < 
cist (< L. cista), a chest, + iaen, a stone.] 
Same as cist 2 . 
cit (sit), n. [Abbr. of citizen.'] A citizen ; an 
inhabitant of a citv; especially, a cockney -of 
London: used in disparagement. [Colloq.] 
The citi of London and the boors of Middlesex. 
Johnson, Thoughts on the late Trans, in Falkland Islands. 
Paulo is a citizen, and Avaro a cit. Stefle, Tatler, No. 25. 
citable (si'ta-bl), n. [< cite + -able; F. Sp. 
citable.'] Capable of being cited or quoted, 
citadel (sit'a-del), . [= D. citadel = G. cila- 
delle = Dan", citttdel, < F. citadeltc, < It. citta- 
della = Sp. ciitdadela = Pg. cidadella, < ML. riri- 
tatella, also cittadclla (after Rom.), a citadel, 
orig. a small town, dim. of L. cirita(t-)s, > It. 
cittade, cittate, now cittii, = Sp. ciudad, etc., a 
city: see city.'] 1. A fortress or castle in or 
near a city, intended to keep the inhabitants 
in subjection, or, in case of a siege, to form a 
final refuge and point of defense : frequently 
used figuratively. 
All our moralities are but our outworks, our Christian- 
ity is our citadel. Donne, Letters, Ixix. 
I go one step further, and reach the very citadel of con- 
troversy. Channiny, Perfect Life, p. 278. 
The gorges, opening wide apart, reveal 
Troas and I lion s column'd citadel, 
The crown of Troas. Tennyson, ffinone. 
2. Any strongly fortified post. 
By force of stranger soldiers in citadels, the nests of 
tyranny and murderers of liberty. Sir P. Sidney. 
They [the Northmen in F.nglandl pitched their palisades 
and threw up their moated citadels. 
O. T. Clark, Military Architecture, I. Ii. 
= Syn. 1. See fortification. 
