3. Blood. [Pugilistic slang.] 
Claret-cup (klar'et-kup), . 
claret 
claretto, claret), < OF. claret, clairet, F. elairrt, 
prop, adj., clear, clearish, Tin clairet, or simply 
clai ret, wine of clear red color, dim. of cler, < L. 
clarus, clear: see clear, a. Cf. clary.'] 1. a. 
If. Clear; clearish: applied to wine. Prompt. 
Pan., p. 79. 2. [Attrib. use of the noun.] 
Having the color of claret wine. 
He wore a daret coat. X>. Jerrold. 
II. . 1. The name given in English to the 
red wines of France, particularly to those of 
Bordeaux, but excluding Burgundy wines. In 
France the name clairet is given only to thin 
or poor wines of a light-red color. Heuce 2. 
Any similar red wine, wherever made : as, Cali- 
fornia claret. 
Red and white wine are in a trice confounded into daret. 
Boyle. 
. 
- -, . A summer bever- 
age, composed of iced claret, a little brandy, 
sugar, and a slice or two of lemon, with mint 
or borage. 
claret-red (klar'et-red), n. A coal-tar color of 
complex composition, belonging to the azo- 
group. It is used for dyeing wool. 
Clareyt, An obsolete form of clergy. 
Clarian (klar'i-an), n. [< Clare (see def.) + 
-ian.] A member of Clare Hall, in the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge, England. 
Dropt she her fan beneath her hoop, 
E'en stake-stuck Clariaiu strove to stoop. 
Smart, Barkeeper of Mitre, 1741. 
claribel-flute (klar'i-bel-flot), n. An organ-stop 
similar to the clarabella, but generally of four- 
foot pitch. 
claribella (klar-i-bel'a), n. See clarabella. 
clarichord (klar'i-kord), n. [Early mod. E. 
elaricord; = F. claricorde, < L. clarus, clear, + 
cJtorfla, a string: see clear, a., and chord.'] 1. 
A medieval musical instrument, probably some 
kind of harp. It has been supposed to be iden- 
tical with the clavichord, probably on account 
of the similarity of the names. 2. In her., 
same as clarion, 4. 
claricymbal (klar-i-sim'bal), n. [< NL. clari- 
cymbalum, < L. darns, clear, + cynibalum, cym- 
bal: see clear, a., and cymbal.'] A musical in- 
strument used in the sixteenth century. It re- 
sembled in form a grand piano without legs, or a harp laid 
prostrate, and comprised 4 octaves with 19 notes in each. 
claricymbalum (klar-i-sim'ba-lum), n. ; pi. cla- 
ricymbala (-la). [NL.] Same as claricymbal. 
clafiet, n. See clary 1 . 
clarification (klar"i-fi-ka'shou), n. [= F. clari- 
fication = Pr. clarificacio = Sp. clarification = 
Pg. clarificacio = It. chiarificazione, < LL. clarifi- 
catio(n-), only in sense of 'glorification,' < clari- 
ficare, pp. clarificatits, glorify: see clarify.] 
The act of clarifying ; particularly, the clearing 
or fining of liquid substances from feculent 
matter by the separation of the insoluble par- 
ticles which prevent the liquid from being 
transparent. This may be performed by nitration, but 
the term is more especially applied to the use of such clari- 
fying substances or agents as gelatin, albumen, alcohol, 
heat, etc. 
To know the means of accelerating clarification [in li- 
quors] we must know the causes of clarification. 
Bacon, Nat. Hist. 
clarifier (klar'i-fl-er), n. 1. One who or that 
which clarifies or purifies : as, whites of eggs, 
blood, and isinglass are clarifiers of liquors. 
2. A vessel in which a liquid is clarified j spe- 
cifically, a large metallic pan for clarifying 
saccharine syrup, etc. 
clarify (klar'i-fi), v. ; pret. and pp. clarified, 
ppr. clarifying. [< ME. clarifien, make clear, 
glorify, = D. clarificeren, clarifieren, < OF. clari- 
fier, F. clarifier = Pr. clarifiar, clarificar = Sp. 
Pg. clarificar = It. chiarificare, clarify, < LL. 
clarificare, glorify, lit. make clear, < L. clarus, 
clear, bright, famous (see clear, .), + faeere, 
make.] I. trans. If. To glorify. 
Fadir, the hour Cometh, darifie thy sonne. 
Wyclif, John xvii. 1. 
I come Cristis name to clarifie, 
And god his Fadir me has ordand, 
And lor to bere witnesse. York Plays, p. 187. 
2. To make clear; especially, purify from fec- 
ulent matter ; defecate ; fine : applied particu- 
larly to liquors : as, to clarify wine or saccharine 
syrup. See clarification. 
Another Riuer . . . whose waters were thicke and miry, 
which they clarifie with allmne before they can drink it. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 435. 
3. To brighten ; purify; make clear, in a figura- 
tive sense; free from obscurities or defects; 
render luminous ; render intelligent or intel- 
ligible. 
1028 
The Christian religion is the only means ... to set 
fallen man upon his legs again, to clarify bis reason, and 
rectify his will. South, Sermons. 
John | Stuart] Mill would occasionally throw in an idea 
to clarify an involved theory or shed light on a profound 
abysmal one. Caroline Fox, Journal, p. 81. 
History is clarified experience. 
Lowell, Address at Chelsea, Mass., Dec., 1885. 
II. intrans. 1. To grow or become clear or 
free from feculent matter; become pure, as li- 
quors: as, cider clarifies by fermentation. 2. 
To become clear intellectually; grow clear or 
perspicuous. 
His wits and understanding do clarify and break up in 
the communicating and discoursing with another. 
liactm, Friendship. 
Much of the history of Shelley's mind lies ... in the 
gradual clarifying of his zeals and enthusiasms, until at 
their best they became, not fire without light, but pure 
and luminous ardours. E. Dowaen, Shelley, I. 160. 
clarigatet (klar'i-gat), r. . [< L. clariaatus, pp. 
of clarigare, declare war with certain religious 
ceremonies, < clarus, clear, + agere, do, make : 
see clear, a., and act, n."] To proclaim war 
against an enemy with certain religious cere- 
monies. See clarigation. Holland. [Rare.] 
clarigation (klar-i-ga'shon), . [< L. clariga- 
tio(n-), < clarigare : see clarigate."] Among the 
ancient Romans, a solemn and ceremonious re- 
cital of injuries and grievances received from 
another people, made within the enemy's terri- 
tory, as a preliminary to the declaration of war, 
by the pater patratus, one of the fetial priests. 
Clariid (klar'i-id), n. A fish of the family Cla- 
i'ii/lii'. 
Clariidae (kla-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Clarias 
+ -idte.] A family of nematognathous fishes, 
typified by the genus Clarias. They have an eel- 
like body with extremely long dorsal and anal fins, the 
head mailed above, the body naked, 8 barbels, and a pe- 
culiar accessory gill received in a special cavity. There 
are over 30 species, some of which attain a length of 6 
feet. They inhabit parts of Africa and western and south- 
ern Asia. The family is divided into Clariinae and Helen- 
branchiiue. 
Clariina (klar-i-5'na), n. pi. [NL., < Clarias 
+ - 2 .] In Giiutlier's system of classification 
of fishes, a group of Silurida: homalopteriF, 
having the gill-membranes not confluent with 
the skin of the isthmus, and the dorsal fin uni- 
formly composed of feeble rays, or with its 
posterior portion modified into an adipose fin: 
same as the family Clariidai. 
Clariinas (klar-i-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Clarias + 
-ina:] A subfamily of Clariidw, containing the 
typical forms with one long-rayed dorsal fin. 
About 25 species are known. 
clarin (kla-ren'), n. [Sp., a clarion, trumpet: 
see clarino.] A musical instrument: same as 
acocotl (which see). 
clarine (kla-re-na'), a. [F. (= Sp. clarinado in 
same sense), < clarine, a small bell (so called 
from its clear sound), < L. clarus, > F. clairc =. 
E. clear, a., q. v.] In Tier., having a collar of 
bells : as, a cow clarine azure (that is, having a 
collar of bells in blue). Berry. 
clarinet (klar'i-net or klar-i-net'), n. [Also 
clarionet (resting on clarion); = D. Dan. Idari- 
net = G. clarinet = Sw. klarinett, < F. clarinette, 
< It. clarinetto (= Sp. clarinete = Pg. clarineta), 
dim. of clarino : see clarino.'] A musical wind- 
instrument consisting of a mouthpiece contain- 
Clarinet, with mouthpiece on a 
larger scale. 
ing a single beating reed, a cylindrical tube with 
18 holes (9 to be closed by the fingers and 9 by 
keys), and a bell or flaring mouth, its tone is 
full, mellow, and expressive, blending well with both brass 
and stringed instruments. Its compass is about 3J octaves, 
beginning just above tenor C, and including all the semi- 
tones. Several varieties are in use, differing in pitch and 
in their adaptability to extreme keys, as the C clarinet, 
the Hj clarinet, the Eh clarinet, etc. Other varieties are 
the alto clarinet, the basset-horn, and the bass clarinet, 
which together constitute the clarinet family of instru- 
ments. The clarinet is a modification of the medieval 
shawm, and became a recognized orchestral instrument 
about 1775 ; it is now in constant use in all orchestras and 
in most military bands. Its construction was decidedly 
improved in 1843. Bass clarinet, a large clarinet pitch- 
ed an octave lower than the ordinary clarinet. 
clarinet-Stop (klar'i-net-stop), . See krum in- 
horn. 
clarinettist (klar-i-net'ist), n. [< F. clarinet- 
tiste, < clarinette: see clarinet and -ist.] One 
skilled in playing the clarinet. 
clarino (kla-re'no), n. [It., also chiarino, = Sp. 
clarin = Pg. clarim, < ML. as if "clarinus, < L. 
Clarkia 
clarus, clear: see clear, a. Cf. clarion.] Same 
as clarion. 
Clarion (klar'i-on), n. [< ME. elarioun, < OF. 
clarion, F. clairon, < ML. clario(n-), a trumpet 
(also clnriiKiitu ; cf. clarino), so called from its 
clear sound, < L. darns, clear: see clear, .] 1. 
A small high-pitched trumpet. [Now chiefly 
poetical.] 
Pypes, trompes, nakeres, and clariounei, 
That in the batuille blowe bloody sownes. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale (ed. Morris), 1. 1653. 
Sound, sound the clarion, nil the flfe ! 
To all the sensual world proclaim, 
One crowded hour of glorious life 
Is worth an age without a name. 
Scott, Old Mortality, xxxiv. 
2. Hence, any sound resembling that of a clari- 
on ; any instrument which utters sounds like 
those of a clarion. 
And his this drum, whose hoarse, heroic bass 
Drowns the loud clarion of the braying ass. 
Pope, Dunciad, ii. 234. 
The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, 
No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. 
Gray, Elegy. 
3. An organ-stop haying pipes with reeds, 
which give a bright, piercing tone, usually an 
octave above the key struck. 4. In her., a 
bearing common in very early English her- 
aldry, and occasionally used on the continent, 
supposed to represent a musical wind-instru- 
ment. It is also called a rest, and because so called sup- 
posed by some to represent the rest of the lance ; but it 
is certain that it occurs in English heraldry before the 
adoption of the lance-rest in armor. J. R. Planche, in 
Jour. Archseol. Assoc., IV. Also called clarichord. 
clarionert, n. [ME. clarionere, clarener, clar- 
enere; < clarion + -er^.] A trumpeter. 
C(arMmreor<:iarenere[var.<;&m'emr],liticen.bellicrepa. 
Prompt. Pare., p. 80. 
clarionet (klar'i-q-net'). n. See clarinet. 
clarioningt (klar'i-o-ning), n. [ME. clarion- 
i/nge; < clarion + -ingl.~] Trumpeting. 
In feight and blodeshedynge 
Ys used gladly darionynoe. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 1242 
clarisonOUS (kla-ris'o-nus), a. [< L. clariso- 
nus, having a clear sound, < clarus, clear, + 
sonus, a sound : see clear, a., andsod5.] Hav- 
ing a clear sound. Ash. [Rare.] 
Ularisse (kla-res'), n. [F.] One of an order of 
Franciscan nuns, also called Poor Clares, found- 
ed in 1212 by St. Clare under the direction of 
St. Francis, who gave them their rule in 1224, 
requiring absolute poverty and dependence up- 
on alms. In 1264 this order was divided into two branch- 
es, the one, called Urbaniatu, following the mitigated rule 
approved by Urban IV., the other following the original 
rule. The name Claruses or Clarusincs was retained as a 
distinctive title by the latter. 
clarissimot (kla-re'si-mo), n. [Sp., now cla- 
risimo,<. L. ctarissimtix, superl. of clarus (> Sp. 
claro), clear, bright, illustrious : see clear, .] 
A magnifico ; a grandee. 
Enter Volpone, Mosca. The first in the habit of a Comman- 
dadore ; the other of a Clariturimo. 
Vol. 'Fore heaven, a brave clai-iiximo ; tliou becom'st it ! 
Pity thou wert not born one. B. Jonxon, Volpone, v. 3. 
Clarissine (klar-i-sen'), [As Clarisse 4- 
-twe 1 .] A member of the order of Clarisses. 
clarite (klar'It), n. [< Clara (see def.) + -ite?.] 
A sulphid of arsenic and copper closely allied 
to enargite, from the Clara mine, near Schap- 
bach, in Baden. 
claritude (klar'i-tud), n. [< L. claritudo, < 
clarus, clear: see clear, a.] Clearness; splen- 
dor. 
Those claritttdes which gild the skies. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, vii. 57. 
clarity (klar'i-ti), n. [< ME. clarite, claretee, 
also clerete, cleerte, clerte, < OF. clerte, clartet, F. 
clarte = Pr. claritat = Sp. claridad = Pg. clari- 
dade = It. cliiarita, < L. clarita(t-)s, clearness, 
< clarus, clear: see clear, a,.] Clearness; bright- 
ness; splendor. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
There cam doun a Sterre, and gaf Lighte and served him 
with claretee. Maiuleville, Travels, p. 86. 
There is a story told of a very religious person, whose 
spirit in the ecstasy of devotion was transported to the 
clarity of a vision. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 62. 
Floods in whose more than crystal clarity 
Innumerable virgin graces grow. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, xxi. 44. 
They were the ferment of the heated fancy, and, though 
murky and unsettled, to be followed by clarity, sweetness, 
and strength. Stednmn, Viet. Poets, p. 392. 
clarkt, An obsolete spelling of clerk, still 
used as a proper name, i'lark, <'l<irl;r. 
Clarkia (klar'ki-a), H. [NL. ; named for Capt. 
William Clarice, who with Capt. Meriwether 
Lewis conducted the first U. S. government 
