clandicant 
claudicantt (kla'di-kant), . [= Sp. Pg. It. 
claudicante, < L. claudican(t-)8. ppr. of claudi- 
care: seeclaitdicatc.'] Halting ; limping. [Rare.] 
claudicatet (kla'di-kat), v. i. [< L. claudicutus, 
pp. of clauaicare, limp, < claudus, lame. Cf. 
clouli 1 ."] To halt or limp. Bailey. 
claudication (kla-di-ka'shou), . [= F. cliin- 
dicatioit = Sp. claudieacion"(obs.) = Pg. c/tnu/i- 
cayao, < L. claitdieatio(n-), < cla.udicare : see 
claudicate.~] A halting or limping; a limp. 
[Rare.] 
I have lately contracted a ... clauilicalion in my left 
foot. Steele, Tatler, No. 80. 
claught (klacht). Obsolete or dialectal (Scotch) 
preterit and past participle of clatch 1 . 
The carlin clauyht her by the rump, 
And left poor Maggie scarce a stump. 
Burn*, Tarn o' Shanter. 
claught (klacht), n. [See clauglit, pret. and 
pp.J A catch; a hold: as, I took a claught o' 
him. [Scotch.] 
clause (klaz), n. [< ME. clause = D. clause, < 
OF. clause, F. clause = Pr. clauza, < ML. clausa, 
a clause (L. dim. clausula, a clause, close of a 
period: see clausule), < L. clausus, pp. of clau- 
dere, shut, close: see close 1 , t>.] 1. Any part of 
a written composition, especially one contain- 
ing complete sense in itself, as a sentence or 
paragraph : in modern use commonly limited to 
such parts of legal documents, as of statutes, 
contracts, wills, etc. in law, the usual meaning is 
some collocation of words the removal of which from the 
instrument will leave the rest of it intelligible. It is not 
essential to the idea of a clause that it must itself be capa- 
ble of being read as a document if taken alone. 
How have I told you schortly in a clause 
Thestat, tharray, the nombre, and eek the cause 
Why that assembled was this compainye. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 715. 
The clause is untrue concerning the bishop. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, ii. 
The single important clause was that which declared the 
throne vacant. Macaulay, Hist. Eng. 
2. A distinct stipulation, condition, proviso, 
etc.: as, a special clause in a contract. 3. In 
gram., one of the lesser sentences which united 
and modified form a compound or complex sen- 
tence. A clause differs from a phrase in containing both 
a subject and its predicate, while a phrase is a group of 
two or more words not containing both these essential ele- 
ments of a simple sentence. The principal clause is that 
member of a complex sentence on which others, called 
depetuient or subordinate clauses, depend. The members 
of a compound sentence are coordinate clauses. Princi- 
pal and coordinate clauses separated from the remainder 
of the sentence can by omission of connectives (conjunc- 
tions or relatives), and addition, if necessary, of words from 
other clauses, resume the form of simple sentences. De- 
pendent clauses often require further changes of mood, 
tense, and person to become independent sentences. As- 
sumption clause, a clause frequently inserted in a deed 
of property subject to a mortgage or other debt, where- 
by the grantee assumes the payment of the debt in ex- 
oneration of the original debtor. Attestation clause. 
See attestation. Brtgnt's Clauses, provisions in the 
Irish Land Act, an English statute of 1870, intended to fa- 
cilitate the formation of a peasant proprietary by enabling 
tenants to purchase their holdings. Clause Of accruer. 
See accruer. Clause Of devolution, in Scots law, a 
clause devolving some office, obligation, or duty on a party 
in a certain event, as, for example, on the failure of another 
to perform. Clause Of return, in Scots law, a clause 
by which the granter of a right makes a particular dis- 
tinction of it, and provides that in a certain event it shall 
return to himself. Clauses consolidation acts, a class 
of English statutes consolidating or combining ajid con- 
densing into one system of general application provisions 
which had previously been frequently enacted in the same 
or varying forms, for each of many different instances, 
persons, corporations, or places. Such are the Jlaitirai/ 
Claiises Consolidation Act, molding into one statute pro- 
visions usually inserted in special acts authorizing the 
construction of railways, and the Land Clauses Consolida- 
tion Act, a similar act as to taking private property for 
public use. Clauses irritant and resolutive, in Scots 
law, clauses devised for limiting the right of an absolute 
proprietor in entails. Comparative clause. See com- 
paraKoe. Conscience clause. See conscience. De- 
rogatory clause In a testament, a sentence or secret 
character the knowledge of which the testator reserves 
to himself, with a condition that no subsequent will 
without precisely the same clause shall be valid ; a pre- 
caution intended to guard against later wills extorted by 
violence, etc. [Scotch.] Dispositive clause, in Scots 
law, the clause of conveyance in any deed, by which prop- 
erty, whether heritable or movable, is transferred, either 
absolutely or in security, inter vivas or mortis causa 
that is, between the living or in contemplation of death. 
Enacting clause, the main body or leading declaration 
of a statute, commonly beginning, "Be it enacted," etc. 
Interpretation clause, in modern statutes, a clause 
denning the meaning and stating the limitations of words 
or phrases used in the act. Host favored nation 
Clause, a clause often inserted in commercial treaties 
engaging each party to give the other, without further 
stipulation, all the privileges which are granted to the 
most favored nation. Saving clause, in a legal instru- 
ment, a clause exempting something which might other- 
wise be subjected to the operation of the instrument. 
Hence, also, any statement or form of words in restriction 
of a previous statement. Shifting clause, the technical 
name given by English conveyancers to a clause in a set- 
tlement or will prescribing an event upon the occurrence 
1032 
of which the estate given is to shift from one person to 
another. Similitude Clause or act, a name given to 
section 20 of tin- (nitt-d States taritf of 1842, imposing 
duties tin articles bearing similitude to those I'lmiiKTatril. 
clause-rolls (klaz'rolz), n. pi. Same as close 
rolltt. See close%, a. 
clausia, . Plural of clausium. 
Clausilia 1 (kla-sil'i-ii), . [NL., fern., < clan- 
silium, q. v.] A genus of land-snails, of the 
family Helicidte (or I'-upidte). They have a fusiform 
sinistnid whorled shell, with a small elliptical or pyriform 
aperture, usually separated from the rest of the shell by a 
constricted neck, and closed by an epiphragm. There are 
several hundred species in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Dra- 
wirnau't, 1803. 
clausilia 2 , n. Plural of dausilium. 
Clausiliinae (kla-sil-i-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Clau- 
silial + -!.] A subfamily of Helicida;, typified 
by the genus Clitusilia, and consisting of species 
having an elongated pupiform shell provided 
with a clausilium. 
clausilium (kla-sil'i-um), n.; pi. clausilia (-a). 
[NL., < L. clausus, closed: see clause and ctost- 2 , 
a., and cf. Clausilia^.'] A peculiar subspiral 
calcareous appendage or lamina fitting into a 
groove of the columella in the molluscous genus 
Clausilia. It serves as a kind of door, and when relieved 
from pressure springs forward by an elastic ligament and 
partially closes the aperture of the shell. 
In Clausilia a peculiar modification of this lid [hyber- 
naculum) exists permanently in the adult, attached by an 
elastic stalk to the mouth of the shell, and known as the 
clausilium. E. R. Lankenter, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 861. 
clausium (kla'si-um), n. ; pi. clausia (-a). [NL., 
(. L. clausus, closed: see clause and close*, a.] 
Same as clausilium. 
clausthalite (klas'thal-It, more properly klous'- 
tal-it), . [< Claiisthal (see def.) + -jfc 2 .] Lead 
selenid, occurring in granular masses of a lead- 
gray color, found at Clausthal in the Harz. 
claustra, . Plural of claustrum. 
claustral (klas'tral), a. [< ME. claustrall = 
F. Sp. Pg. claustrdl = It. claustralc, < ML. claus- 
tralis, < claustrum, a cloister: see cloister. Cf. 
cloistral.'] 1. Relating to a cloister ; cloistral. 
This Dunstane . . . compelled men and women to vow 
chastity, and to kepe claustrale obedience. 
Bale, English Votaries, i., foL 62. 
How of the Monk 
Who finds the claustral regimen too sharp 
After the first month's essay ? 
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 224. 
2. Resembling a religious house in its seclu- 
sion ; cloister-like; secluded Claustral prior. 
See prior. Claustral school, a school within the walls 
of a monastery. 
Claustrophobia (klas-tro-fo'bi-a), n. [NL., <L. 
claustrum, a confined place, + 'Or. -$ofila, fear, 
< (/lofjelaBat, fear.] In patliol. , a morbid dread of 
confined places, to wnich hysterical and neu- 
rasthenic persons are sometimes subject. See 
agoraphobia. 
Claustrophobic (klas-tro-fo'bik), a. [< claus- 
trophobia + -ic.] Affected by claustrophobia. 
claustrum (klas'trum), n. ; pi. claustra (-trii). 
[NL., < L. claustrum, a bar, bolt, barrier: see 
cloister.] 1. In anat., a thin sheet of gray 
matter lying between the extraventricular or 
lenticular portion of the corpus striatum of the 
brain and the island of Reil. See striatum. 2. 
In ichth., one of the chain of ossicles or bonelets 
of the ear, between the vestibule and the air- 
bladder. 
clausnlar (kla'zu-lar),. [< L. clausula (see clau- 
sule) + -or 2 .] Consisting of or having clauses. 
clausule (kla'zul), . [= D. clausule = G. clau- 
sel = Dan. Sw. klausul = F. clausule (obs.) = 
Sp. cldusula = Pg. clausula = It. clausola, clau- 
sula, a clause, < L. clausula, a conclusion, the 
close of a period, a clause, (clausus: seectawsc.] 
A short or little clause. Sp. Peacock. [Rare.] 
clausure (kla'zur), n. [< ME. clausure = Sp. 
Pg. It. clausura = G. clausur, klausur, an inclo- 
sure, cloister, < L. clausura, an inclosure (the 
lit. sense 'a closing' does not occur), < claudere, 
pp. clausus, close : see closed, v., and cf. closure.] 
If. An inclosure. Capgrave, Chronicle. 2. 
The act of shutting up or confining; confine- 
ment. [Rare.] 
In some monasteries the severity of the clausure is hard 
to be borne. Dr. A. Unldrx. 
3f. In anat., the absence of a perforation where 
it normally occurs; atresia. 4. A clasp by 
which the covers of a book are held together. 
claut, clat 3 (klat, klat), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
clauted, flatted, ppr. clouting, clatting. [Sc.; 
perhaps connected with clafl- = clofl, clod 1 , a 
thick round mass.] To scratch or claw; rake 
or scrape together. Burns. 
claut. Clat 3 (klat, klat), n. [Sc., < claut, clafS, 
v. ] 1 . An instrument for raking or scraping to- 
clave 
gether mire, weeds, etc. 2. What is so scraped 
together; a hoard scraped together by dirty 
work or niggardliness. 
she has gotten a coof wi 1 a claut o' siller. 
Burns, Meg o' the Mill. 
clava (kla'va), . ; pi. clava! (-ve). [NL., < L. 
elatn, a knotty branch or stick, club, staff, cud- 
gel, a bar, lever, a scion, graft.] 1. In anat.. 
the slender fibrous band forming the margin of 
the posterior part of the fourth ventricle of the 
brain, being the enlarged prolongation of the 
posterior median column of the spinal cord. 
2. [e<y.] In zool. : () The typical genus of the 
family Clavida:. C. leptostyla is a beautiful reddish 
marine form occurring on the New ILntiland coast, attached 
to seaweeds about low-water mark, (ft) A genus of 
mollusks. Humphrey, 1797. 3. In eiitoni., the 
club-like form produced by two or more en- 
larged joints at the end of the antennas in cer- 
tain insects, as the Clerid(e. Such antennae are 
called clarate. See cut under clavate^. 
claval 1 (kla'val), a. [< clava, 1, + -al.~\ Per- 
taining to the clava or clavate process of the 
brain. 
claval 2 (kla'val), . [< clavus, 4, + -aZ.] In en- 
torn., pertaining to the clavus or inner portion 
of a hemelytron. claval suture, in entom., the su- 
ture dividing the corium from the clavus. 
Clavaria (kla-va'ri-a), n. [NL., < L. clava, a 
club.] The principal genus of fungi belonging 
to the family Clmariei, 
including many spe- 
cies. Their substance is 
fleshy, and their form gen- 
erally cylindrical or clavi- 
form, simple or branched. 
Some are edible. One species 
is called yray goats-beard. 
clavariseform (kla- 
va'ri-e-form), a. [< 
NL. 'Clavaria + L. 
fiirmrt, form.] Resem- 
bling in form fungi of 
the genus Clavaria. M. 
C. Cooke, Brit. Fungi, 
p. 509. 
Olavariei (klav-a-rT- 
o i 1 * i7 I"\TT t' f'lf, Three receptacles, upon the sur- 
e-l),n.l>l. I -Nil., S C*O- facesofwhichsporesareproduced. 
VOria + -ei.~\ A family ( 1l om Le Maout and rWaisne's 
j. i J " Trait6 genera t e Rotan que. ) 
of hymenomycetous 
fungi in which the spore-bearing area is verti- 
cal, covering the sides and tips of the frondose 
or stem-like, simple or branching, fleshy struc- 
tures of which the fungus chiefly consists. Also 
called Clavati. 
clavate 1 , clavated (kla'vat, -va-ted), a. [< 
NL. clavatus, < L. clava, a club: see clava.'] 
Club-shaped ; hav- 
ing the form of a 
club ; growing grad- 
ually thicker toward 
the top ; claviform. 
Clavate antennae or 
palpi, in entom., those in 
which the outer joints in- 
crease gradually in size, 
forming an elongated 
club. Clavate intes- 
Clavate Antenna:. tine, a distended portion 
of the ill tun found in a 
few coleopterous insects. Clavate nucleus, the group 
of ganglion-cells within the elava of the brain on either 
side. 
clavate 2 (kla'vat), a. [< L. clavatus, furnished 
with points or stripes, < clavus, a nail : see cla- 
vus.} Like a nail.- clavate articulation, gom- 
phosis. 
Clavatella (klav-a-tel'a), n. [NL. (Hincks, 
1862), < clavatu.t, club-sfiaped, + dim. -ella: 
see clavate 1 .] The typical genus of tubularian 
hydroids of the family Clavatcllida;. 
Clavatellidae (klav-a-tel'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Clavatella + -idw.'] A family of UydropolypitHr, 
represented by the genus Clavatella. 
clavately (kla'vat-li), adv. [< clavate^ + -fy 2 .] 
In a clavate manner; in the shape of a club. 
Clavately swollen. H. C. Wood, Fresh-water Alga;, p. 176. 
Clavati (kla-va'ti), n. [NL., pi. of clavatus: 
see clavate^.] Same as Clnvariei. 
clavation 1 (kla-va'shon), n. [< clavate^: see 
-afe'on.] The state of being club-shaped. 
clavation 2 (kla-va'shon), n. [< elm-rite^: see 
-ation.~\ In anat., articulation in a socket, as 
the teeth in the sockets of the jaws; gomphosis. 
clave 1 ! (klav). Obsolete preterit of cleave 1 or 
cleave^. 
clave 2 (klav), n. [Uncertain.] A kind of stool 
used by ship-carpenters. 
clave 3 t, [ME., < L. clava, a graft, a scion, a 
particular sense of clava, a club : see clava."] A 
graft ; a scion. 
