clay 
ft subdivision of the Jurassic series, mimed from the county 
ill England Where it is conspicuous. It is tile Upper IIC 
of two sections into which the Oxfordian is divided, the 
lower one beiliK the Kellowa\s rock (I 'allo\ iaii). I be n\ 
ford clay crops out in Knuland from lioisetshin- through 
to Yorkshire. It consists mainly of layers ,,f still bl 
and sometimes attains a thickness of into feet. Potters' 
Clay, a clay suitable for making the coarser saricties ,,t 
potteiy, or for beinu' \vorked by the potter. 
II. ". Formed or consisting of clay; char- 
acterized by the presence of clay ; clayey: as, 
a clay soil ; a rltiy hovel, clay Iron ore. Same as 
otay mnitant. Clay ironstone, the onlinary for f 
iron on onrrtng in connection with the coal-measures, 
cs| ially in England, where this ore is one of -real im 
portancc. It e, insists essentially of caHnniU-of iron more 
or less mixed with clay and sand, and often has the lorn, 
of nodular concretionary masses. It contains from -Jn to.',o 
IMT cent. ,,t" metallic iron, according to its purity. Clay 
marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay. Clay pigeon, a 
saucer of baked clay used as an artilicial II) ing target in 
'"-"' clean 
[< dtii/ + -///!.] 1. In Claytonia (kla-16'ni-a), . [Nl,., named after 
l)r. .lolin 1'lni/i,,,,, :l bi.ijinist of Virejiniii, w ho 
iliril in 177!).] A genus of low hcrlis, iiiittiral 
r,, III the molds, the solid enist ,,!,., /';//,/,-,/,.,,;. of aboil I III I | ,er i es bolollg- 
outto make 'n^y in theooh '"" '" ''''"I"' 1 ' 11 ' 1 ' North America and not-tin ast- 
rrn Asia, mostly perennial, ihe tw,, -, ., i,-,,f the 
Allan]! : areknoHii 
'/. producing ( ,.,, r |y -p,, M: . ; , 
of 111, Wei, Ironi hetUl ,11 Ihe single pair of 1 
. - - I h I' Widely ll 1st n billed species is''. , rl'ili'ill" 
Hi, point of the loaf and disappears. times used as a ],t herb 
2. In ifcMM-VwMM, the operation of drivint; clay-yellow (kla'ycl '6), a. Dull browm-li- 
dry day into u blast-hole which is too dainj. for yellow in color; luteous. 
the insert ion of the blasting-powder. eld. An abbreviation of rl.m-nl: applied to 
claying-bar (kla'ing-bar), . In //'H<'I/, a rod goods or shipping cleared at tin eiisioni-honse. 
used lor making a blast-hole water-tight by -cle. [= V. -</<.< I.. -<///.<, -,/,/. .,-/,;/, a dim. 
driving clay into its crevices, in order to pro- term., composed of two sntlixi--, -< (see -ic) + 
loci the charge. -to (-lug): see -le, -el, -vie, ete. In recent F. 
liiini//. a method of removing coloring 
matter from sugar by the use of clay, leaves ,,f 
n lined sugar are taken from th 
formed at the point is rein 
but loos,,,,,! and scooped ... _ 
tor, into which clay paste is put. The water Iruin the el:i\ 
drives the molasses before it, and soon changes it into a 
saturated .solution of pure siiuar In dissoh ini: some of the 
crystals. As the water tllter.s UutMlgD the loaf it expcN 
the mother-liquor, and the brown color desci-nds toward 
metamorphosed. Clay shale, clay having a thinly ing clay. ' unfelt in English. 
!S.Si ',!. te5pl^^ dy-afll (H*'mU), A mill for mixing and -in.*,,.,, to 6 ,, ~ &** 
melamorphism. anil from this cause has become crystal- tempering day; a pug-mill. dill,, lit' S3n 
IvousTLrlt'r-ie^ Claymore (kla ' mor), . [Also ./,/,/,,, - < cleach (kl6< . h - )( . A dialectal form Qf dutch 
tni-e. It consists otdctrital , fraHinentui material which , '""""""" }or , >t-i f*?? t .. 8W . o *J' " ttel ' cleachlng-nOt (kle'fhing-net), . A hoop-aud- 
ha, become consolidated into a rock, and has linden: ' iT.cuiKiiitd/iiii w. cleaayj, cleatlen (see p l(. fish-net used by hand. Formerly also called 
more or less rearrangement of its constituent particles, c/ri/i/i/,,) L. i/ln(lius(> t,. ylaive, q. V.), a sword; rlrrl,--n< I 
(Jael. mor = W aicr = Corn, mxur = Bret, dead, deed (kled), r. ,. [Adial. form of clothe, 
IHI-HI; groat, akin to L. HHH/HHS, great, and to E. () v J To clothe 
,,,</,, ,-/,-/,..] 1 The name, in the Highlands cleadlng, deeding (kle'ding), n. [A dial, form 
., r of Scotland, of the heavy two-handed sword. ,,f OoSKia I ('lotlm.ir- ,h.t whir- 
iolidation (sec ,/.,,,. ;;, ; sometimes, however, this This weuixm n-iiuiinnl In IIM amm,,, th Hl,,l,ln,l~ (. i ' X 101 
structure is that of the original deposit. 
(See nii'tn ,ni'i>l,-<ni, and metainarphic mrkx, under 
murjihic.) Roofing-slate is the most characteristic form of 
elay slate. Ihc tendency of this rock to split Into thin 
plates, making it available for roofing, Is ordinarily the 
result of conditions arising after its deposition and con 
s. however, thi 
.- .-- Clay slate, or ar- 
gillaceous schist, often passes gradually into mica schist, 
and appears to be an incipient stage in the formation of 
that rock. 
clay (kla), r. t. [< clay, n.] 1. To cover or ma- 
nure with clay. 
The ground must be clayed again. 
Mortimer, Husbandry. 
2. To purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. 
3. To puddle with clay. 
clay-band (kla'band), . In coal-mining, clay 
ironstone, or argillaceous iron ore, in thin stra- 
ta. [South Wales.] 
clay-bead (kla'bed), . One of the large beads 
of baked clay, oval or somewhat flattened, 
sometimes found in ancient tombs, especially 
in Brittany. They are too large to have been commonly 
worn as ornaments, and their use is uncertain. They are 
doubtless identical with the whorls found in many parts 
of the world, as Egypt, the Troad, Greece, and Armenia, 
and identified as having been used by ancient peoples as 
weights in spinning. 
clay-brained (kla'brand), a. Doltish ; stupid. 
clay-built (kla'bilt), a. Built with clay. [Bare.] 
Clay-built cisterns. E. Darwin, Botanic Garden, 
clay-clott (kla'klpt), n. [ME. cleiclot.~\ A clod 
of earth ; figuratively, a corpse. 
Nu lith the cleiclot al so the ston. 
Religious Songs (in Owl and Nightingale, ed. Wright), p. 73. 
clay-cold (kla'kold), a. Cold as clay or earth ; 
lifeless. 
Clay-cold were her rosy lips 
Nae spark o' life was there. 
The Lass of Lochroyan (Child's Ballads, II. 112). 
Around Patroclus mourn'd the Grecian train, 
Stern in superior grief Pelides stood ; 
Those slaughtering arms, so used to bathe in blood, 
Now clasp his clay-cold limbs. 
clay-colored (kla'kul 
clay Clay-colored bunting. 
clay-course (kla'kors), n. 
of elav by the side of a 
clay-daubed (kla'dabd) 
clay or mortar. 
In that cofer [Noah's ark] that was claydaubed. 
Alliterative Poem* (ed. Morris), II. 492. 
claye (kla), n. [< P. claie, OF. cloie = Pr. eleda. 
< ML. clida, "eletti in dim. cletella, a hurdle; of 
Celtic origin: cf. Ir. cliath = W. clwyd, a hur- 
dle, prob. cognate with E. hurdle, q. v.] In 
fort., a wattle or hurdle made with stakes in- 
terwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments. 
clayent, . [< ME. eleyen, < cley, clay, clay, + 
-en, -en2.] Of clay. 
These that dwellen [in] cleyene housis. 
Wyclif, Job iv. 19 (Oxf.). 
clayey (kla'i), a. [< ME. cleyi, cleyye, clegi, < 
late AS. clwif/ for *cl<egig, < cUeg, clay, + -4g, 
E. -yl. Cf. cltiggy, cltidgy, cledgy.~] 1. Consist- 
ing of or of the nature of clay ; abounding with 
clay ; mixed with clay ; like clay. 
A heavy or elaiirii soli. Derham. 
2. Bedaubed or besmeared with clay. 
Wheat fields, one would think, cannot come to grow un- 
tilled no man made elai/eu or made weary thereby. 
Carlylf, French Rev., I. IL 1. 
The Hightandrnen drew their claymores, 
And gie a warlike shout. 
Bonny Baby Livingston (Child's Ballads, IV. 14). 
2. A name given inaccurately in the eighteenth 
century to the basket-hilted broadsword made 
1. The name, in the Highlands dea 
of Scotland, of the heavy two-handed sword. 
This weapon remained in use among the Highlander* at- or -.,. .u n 
ter it had been generally abandoned elsewhere. It had Lovers, a covering. [Scotch.] 2. In en- 
a cross-guard sometimes reinforced with curved qullliins gmes: () The jacket or outer covering of the 
and shells. cylinder, or the covering of hair-felt put on 
steam-pipes to prevent the radiation of heat. 
Also called clothing and Utgging. (b) A timber 
casing inclosing the boiler of a locomotive en- 
gine and the fire-box. 3. Any kind of plank 
covering, such as the slat ing-boards of a roof, 
the boards of a floor, the plank lining of a pit- 
shaft, the planking of a coffer-dam, etc. 4. In 
mining, deal boarding for brattices. [Eng.] 
cleak, r. and . See cleik. 
Cleam (klem), v. t. [< ME. clemen, < AS. cUe- 
man, smear, spread over (as clay, tar, oil, or 
other viscous substance) (= MD. kleemen = 
MLG. klemen = OHG. MHG. chleimen, mold, as 
clay, = Icel. kleima = Norw. kleima, also Mime, 
smear, daub; cf. Sw. klena, stick, spread, lay 
on, = Dan. Mine, paste, lute, build with clay), 
< clam, clay, E. dial, cloam : see doom and 
ftaim2. Now only dial., with var. clem*, and 
mixed with danft, v., daiitf, a., q. v. Cf . glaim.] 
1. To smear with clay or other viscous sub- 
stance. 
Thenne cleme hit [the ark] with clay comly with-inne, 
& alle tlie cndentur (crevices] dryuen daube with-outen. 
Alliterative Poe.ms (ed. Morris), ii. 312. 
Sche took a leep [basket] of egge [sedge], and camneilr 
I var. cleinede] it with tar and pitch. 
Wyclif, Ex. ii. 3 (Purv.). 
2. To smear upon; spread over; plaster. 
Yf wormes feel [many] uppon hem be without*, 
A strape of braas let strape hem of therwith, 
And cleme uppon the wounde oxe dounge aboute. 
Palladiia, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 82. 
i, . Basket-hilted Broadswords of the i?th century ( anerward called 
Claymores,,. 3. Two-handed Sword, or Claymore proper. 
to be used with one hand, and closely resembling 
the cuirassier's broadsword of the seventeenth 
century in England. The blades of these swords were 
often marked with the stamp of Andrea Ferrara. See 
Hence 3. A soldier armed with a claymore. 
Macaulay. 
3. To glue together ; fasten with glue. [Now 
only prov. Eng. in all senses.] 
I limbs. Pope, Iliad, xviii. 369. clay-pit (kla'pit), n. A pit where clay is dug. clean (klen), a. [< ME. dene, cla-ne, < AS. 
*ord), a. Of the color of clay-stone (kla'ston), . One of the concre- <'"', clean, pure, bright, = OS. klein = OFries. 
.ntiug. See bunting*. tionary masses of clay frequently found occur- *''*" = MD. klene, D. Mecn, klein = LG.klen, 
n. In mining, a seam "Eg ' n alluvial deposits, in the form of flat small (> Icel. klenn, snug, puny, = Sw. klen, 
vein ; a gouge. rounded disks, either simple or variously unit- dial, klqjn, = Dan. Mein, thin, slight), = OHG. 
, fl. [ME.] Daubed with ef l 8O as to give rise to curious shapes. They elileini, bright, pure, MHG. kleine, klein, clean, 
are sometimes almost as regular as if turned 
in a lathe. 
Flowers and Root of Spring-beauty (Claytmia . 
I From Gray's " Genera of the Plants of the United State*." ) 
neat, fine, small, G. klein, small. Cf. W. plain, 
glan = Ir. Gael, glan, clean, pure, radiant.] 
1 . Unmixed with foreign or extraneous matter ; 
free from admixture ; unadulterated ; pure. 
Coupes of c/.-;;,- gold and peces of seluer, 
Kynges with nil, yes and richesses i-nouwe. 
Piers Ploieman (A), iii. 23. 
All this is preef of holsum aire and ,-/,., 
And there as is contraler is aire unclene. 
Palladium, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 2. 
It teemed to me, also, that in It [the doctrine of com- 
pensation] might l>e shown men a ray of divinity, the 
present action of the soul of this world, clean from all 
vestige of tradition. Emerson, Compensation. 
2. Free from dirt or filth ; having all unclean- 
ness removed. 
Jena. Marcelle, myn awne discipill dere, 
Do vs haue watir here in hast. 
Hare. Maistir, it U all rc.lv here, 
And here a towell clene to tast [handle]. 
1'ort Plays, p. 234. 
Faynd t<. wash themselves incessantly ; 
Yet nothing cleaner were for such intent, 
But rather fowler seemed to the eye. 
Spenttr, F. Q., II. vii. 61. 
Let Thisby have rfran linen. Shot., M. X. D., iv. 2. 
