cleddyo 
Cleddyo, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. 
Cledgy (klej'i), it. [Var. of datlgy, assibilated 
form of dagyy : see dug 1 , daggi/.] Stubborn ; 
tenacious; mixed with clay: applied to soil. 
[Eng.] 
Cleet (kle), n. An obsolete or dialectal variant 
of daw. 
Gootes clcen [goafs-claws], or rootes 
Of lilie brente, or galbane all this bote is. 
Palladim, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 34. 
To save her from the seize 
Of vulture Death, and those relentless clew. 
B. Joiuwn, Underwoods, cii. 
deed, c. t. See dead. 
deeding, ". See oleadina. 
cleek, i'. and n. See cleik. 
cleett, n. An obsolete form of cleat 1 , cleat 2 . 
cleevest, An obsolete plural of cliff 1 . 
Clef (kief), . [< F. clef, OF. cle, clef = Sp. 
clave, now (tore = Pg. chare, a key, clave, a 
clef, = It. chiave, < L. clavis, a key: see clavis.] 
In music, a character placed upon a staff to in- 
dicate the name and pitch of one of its degrees, 
so that the names of the others may be known. 
Three clefs are in common use : (1) The G clef, or violin- 
clef, indicating that the second line of the staff corresponds 
a b c d 
a. G clef, or violin-clef, b, c. F clef, or bass clef. d. C clef. 
to the G next above middle C ; (2) the F clef, or bass clef, 
indicating that the fourth line of the staff corresponds to 
the F next below middle C ; and (3) the C clef, indicating 
that the degree on which it stands corresponds to middle 
C. When the C clef stands on the first line, it is called the 
1040 
cleft-grafting (kleft'graf'ting), n. See graft- 
ing, 1. 
cleg 1 (kleg), v. i. ; pret. and pp. degged, ppr. 
dn/ging. [Cf. dug 1 , dog, day.] To cling; ad- 
here. [Prov. Eng.] 
cleg 2 (kleg), n. [Sc. and North. E. also gleg; < 
Icel. kle/jgi = Norw. klegg = Dan. klaige, ahorse- 
fly, prob. from root of clog, day 1 , day, etc., as 
that which ' sticks ' ; cf. cleg 1 .] A name of 
various insects which are troublesome to horses 
and cattle from their blood-sucking habits, as 
the great horsefly or breeze, Tubanns boviititx. 
also called the gadfly; the Ciirysops caicutiaix 
(see Ciirysops); and, in Scotland, the Ha-matn- 
pota pluvialis, a smaller grayish-colored fly. 
Hornets, clegs, and clocks. Syleester, tr. of Du Bartas. 
cleg 3 (kleg), B. [Var. of gleg 1 , q. v.] A clever 
person. [Prov. Eng.] 
cleido-. See dido-. 
cleik, cleek (klek), v. [Sc., < ME. cleken; north- 
ern (unassibilated) form ofcleach, detch, clutch : 
see clutch 1 , v.] I. trans. 1. To clutch; snatch; 
seize ; catch, as by a hook. 
Why, vnconand knaves, an I cleke yowe 
I schall felle yow, be my faith, for all youre false f rawdes. 
York Plays, p. 280. 
He cleikit up ane crukit club. 
Wyf of Auchtirmuchty (Child's Ballads, VIII. 119). 
2. To steal. 
II. intrans. To take one's arm; link together. 
Burns. 
cleik, cleek (klek), n. [< cleik, cleek, v. Cf. 
clench 
clement.] 1. The quality of being clement; 
mildness of temper, as shown by a superior to 
an inferior, or by an aggrieved person to _ the 
offender; disposition to spare or forgive; 
mercy; leniency; forbearance. 
I pray thee that thou wouldest heal' us of thy clemency 
a few words. Acts xxiv. 4. 
The only protection which the conquered could find was 
in the moderation, the clemency, and the enlarged policy 
of the conquerors. Macaulay, Warren Hastings. 
Clemency, he [Seneca] says, is an habitual disposition 
to gentleness in the application of punishments. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 199. 
2. Softness or mildness, as of the elements : as, 
the clemency of the weather. 
These and other things fable they of the Hypcrborei, to 
which Solinus addetli many other, of the efanmcM of the 
ayre, etc. Pvrmeu, Pilgrimage, p. 398. 
= Syn. 1. Mercifulness, indulgence, forgiveness, compas- 
sion, tenderness, gentleness. 
clement (klem'ent), a. [< F. dement, now cle- 
in<'iit = Sp. Pg. It. clemente, < L. demen(t-)s, mild, 
calm, soft, gentle, placid, orig. of the weather, 
fig. of disposition, mild, gentle, tranquil, merci- 
ful; of uncertain origin ; according to one view 
orig. 'languid,' 'weary,' ppr. of i/ "clem = Skt. 
V cram, be weary.] Mild in temper and dispo- 
sition; gentle; forbearing; lenient; merciful; 
compassionate; tender. 
I know you [the gods] are more clement than vile men, 
Who of their broken debtors take a third. 
>/,/,-.. Cymbeline, v. 4. 
= Syn. Forbearing, indulgent, forgiving. 
i^ -f- _-s_ 
mi 4Si- 2SE - "p- 
i. Soprano clef. 2. Alto clef. 3. Tenor clef. 4. Gregorian C clef. 
5. Gregorian F clef. 
sopranoclef; when upon the third line, the alto clef; wher 
golf. [Scotch in all 
cleisto-. See clisto-. 
cleithral, a. See dithral. 
clem 1 (klem), v. ; pret. and pp. clemmed, ppr. 
clemming. [< ME. 'demmen, < AS. 'elemman 
(only in comp. be-demman, fasten, confine) = 
OS. "klemmian (in comp. bi-klemmian, fasten, 
confine, ant-klemmian, press upon, urge) = MD. 
D. klemmen, pinch, clench, oppress, = MLG. LG. 
klemmen, pinch, compress, = OHG. "chlemman 
(incomp. bi-chltmman),MH.Qr. G. klemmen, pinch, 
squeeze, jam, = Dan. klemme, pinch, 
The C clef in its various positions is most used in old 
music and in full scores of large vocal works. In Grego- 
rian music a peculiar form of the C clef appears, and also 
of the F clef. The form of all these characters has resulted 
from gradual changes of the Gothic letters G, F, and C. 
See staff. 
cleft 1 (kleft), n. [Early mod. E. also dift, < 
ME. dift, dyft, and erroneously clif (perhaps < 
AS. *dyft, not found; otherwise Scand.), = 
D. kluft = OHG. cliluft, G. kluft = Icel. Muff 
= Norw. kluft, klyft = Sw. klyft, klyfta = Dan. 
kliift, a cleft, crack, etc. ; from the verb : AS. 
cleofan = D. kloven, etc., cleave, split: see 
cleave 2 , and cf. dore 3 = dough 1 .'] 1. A space 
or opening made by cleavage ; a crevice ; a fis- 
sure ; a furrow ; a rift ; a chink. 
Therby also . . . ys a scissur or clyfte in the Stone 
Rooke so myche that a man may almost lye therine. 
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 43. 
He will smite the great house with breaches, and the 
little house with clefts. Amos vi. 11. 
The great cleft at Wady Mousa was hidden from view. 
The Century, XXXI. 14. 
2f. The point where the legs are joined to the 
body; the crotch. Chaucer. 3t. That which 
is cloven; a cloven hoof. [Bare.] 
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft 
into two claws. Deut. xiv. 6. 
4. A disease of horses characterized by a crack 
on the bend of the pastern. 5. A piece made 
by splitting: as, a cleft of wood. Branchial cleft. 
See branchial. Primitive cerebral cleft, in embnjol., 
a deep furrow separating cerebral vesicles or brain-blad- 
ders. Visceral Cleft, in e.mbryol., a fissure between vis- 
ceral arches of the neck of a vertebrate embryo, placed 
transversely across the front or sides of the neck ; a primi- 
tive gill-slit. See cut under amnion. 
cleft 2 (kleft). Preterit and past participle of 
cleave 2 . 
cleft 2 (kleft), p. a. [Pp. of cleave^, v.~] 1 . Split ; 
divided; cloven. 
I never did on cleft Parnassus dream. Dryden. 
2. In bot, divided half-way down or somewhat 
further, with narrow or acute sinuses between 
the lobes: applied to a lobed leaf, calyx, etc. 
Cleft hoof. See hoof. Cleft palate. See palate. In a 
cleft stick, in a scrape ; in a fix, dilemma, or awkward 
predicament. [Colloq.] 
I never saw his equal to put a fellow in a cleft-stick. 
Lever. 
cleft-graft (kleft'graft), v. t. To ingraft (a 
plant) by cleaving the stock and inserting a 
scion. 
clamp) = Sw. klanima, pinch, squeeze. In later 
use taken as equiv. to dam 1 , v., as a denomina- 
tive of dam 1 , n., but prop, a factitive verb, 
with reg. vowel-change, from the pret. *klam 
of an assumed verb, Tent. (Goth.) "kliman, 
AS. "diinman, press or adhere together, stick; 
mixed with clam 2 , and also with clem 2 = deam : 
see dam 1 , dam 2 , clem? deam.] I. trans. 1. 
To pinch ; compress ; stop up by pressure ; clog. 
2. To pinch with hunger; -*- - 
or pertaining to one of several ecclesiastics 
named Clement, especially (1) St. Clement, 
bishop of Rome in the first century: (2) Pope 
Clement V. (1305-1314) ; (3) Clement VII. (1378- 
1394), the first of the antipopes of Avignon. 
Clementine liturgy, a very early, probably ante-Nicene, 
Greek liturgy, so called because it has come down to us 
incorporated in the eighth book of the work known as the 
" Apostolical Constitutions," which is ascribed in its Greek 
title to St. Clement of Rome. It is, however, not Roman, 
but Oriental in type, and has been assigned by some au- 
thorities to the patriarchate of Antioch. 
II. n. 1. One of a series of compilations at- 
tributed to St. Clement. 2. pi. That part of 
the body of canon law which contains the col- 
lections made by Pope Clement V. of the acts 
of the Council of Vienne, A. D. 1311-12, with the 
addition of some of his decretals. 3. A fol- 
lower of, or a believer in the authority of, the 
antipope Clement VII. 
Clemently (klem'ent-li), adv. With mildness 
of temper; mercifully. 
Most clemently reconcile this company unto Christ. 
Jer. Taylor, Uiss. from Popery, ii. 9. 
clemmyid (klem'i-id), n. A member of the fam- 
Were clemm'd with keeping a perpetual fast. 
Massinyer, The Roman Actor, ii. 1. 
What ! will he clem me and my followers? 
B. Junson, Poetaster, i. 2. 
II. intrans. To die of hunger ; starve. 
Hard is the choice when the valiant must eat their armes 
or clem. B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, iii. 8. 
[In all senses prov. Eng.] 
clem 2 (klem), v. t. A variant of deam. 
clem 3 (klem), . [Var. of dam 2 , a.,q.v.] Same 
as dam 2 . [Scotch.] 
clematine (klem'a-tin), n. [< Clematis + -e 2 .] 
An alkaloid found in Clematis Vitalba. 
Clematis (klem'a-tis), n. [L., < Gr. K^unrif, 
clematis (so called fromits long, lithe branches), 
dim. of KAij/ia(T-), a vine, branch, twig, < KA&V, 
break, lop, prune.] 1 . A genus of plants, most- 
ly herbaceous climbers, natural order Banuncu- 
lacea. There are many species, natives of temperate cli- 
mates. The flowers are without petals, but the sepals are 
petaloid and often large and brightly colored. The fruit is 
a head of many achenia, with long bearded styles. C. Vi- 
talba is a common species of Europe, known as traveler's- 
joy, virffiris-bou<er, or old-man' s-beard, which runs over 
hedges, loading them first with its copious clusters of white 
blossoms, and afterward with its plumose-tailed, silky 
heads. The virgin's-bower of the United States, C. Virgi- 
iiiana, is a similar species. There are many forms in culti- 
vation, with large flowers of various colors, mostly varie- 
ties or hybrids that have been obtained from C. Viticella of 
Europe, C. lanuginoxa of China, and the Japanese species 
C. Jlorida, C. azurea, and C. Fortunei. 
2. [?. c.] A plant of the genus Clematis. 
'. t. An obsolete form of deam. 
cleniencet (klem'ens), n. [< F. demence, now 
demence, < L. dementia : see clemency.] Clem- 
ency. Spenser. 
clemency (klem'en-si), n. [Formerly demence, 
q. v. ; = Sp. Pg. clemencia = It. demenza, de- 
menzia, < L. dementia, < clemen(t-)s, mild: see 
Clemmyidae (kle-mi'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,< Clem- 
mi/s + -M/o;.] A family of turtles, typified by 
the genus Clemmys : generally, but not proper- 
ly, known as Emytlidte. 
clemmyoid (kleni'i-oid), a. and n. [< Clemmys 
+ -oid.] I. a. Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Clemmyidee. 
II. . A clemmyid or emydid. 
Clemmys (klem'is), w. [NL., < Gr. K/U/i/rof, a 
turtle.] A genus of turtles, typical of the fam- 
ily Clemmyidw. 
clench, clinch (klench, klinch), v. [The form 
clinch (early mod. E. dynche, Sc. unassibilated 
clink) is later than clench, which is the normal 
form ; < ME. denchen, also *denken (spelled cleyn- 
ken) (pret. denchede, pp. cleynt, dent), clench, 
rivet. < AS. 'clencan (in comp. be-clencan, Bos- 
worth, ed. Toller, Supp.), = OHG. chlankhan, 
chlenken, klenkan, MHG. klenken, fasten, knit, 
bind, tie, = D. klinken = Dan. klinke = Sw. Norw. 
klinka, clench, rivet; appar. the factitive of 
dank, and so prop, applied to fastening with 
nail or rivet and hammer, and so in later use 
(E. clinch, Sc. clink) merged with the closely re- 
lated dink: see clink.] I. trans. If. To nail 
or fasten. 
His Bodi was Book ; the Cros was brede [board], 
Whon Crist for vs ther-on was cleynt. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 138. 
It [the ark] sail be cleyngked euer-ilka dele, 
With nayles that are both noble and newe. 
York Plays, p. 43. 
2. To secure or fasten, as a nail, staple, or other 
metallic fastening, by beating down the point 
after it has been driven through something; 
rivet. 3. To bring together and set firmly, as 
the teeth ; double up tightly, as the hands. 
