client 
client = Sp. Pg. It. cliente, < L. rlien(t-)n, older 
cluen(t-)x, it client, follower, lit. 'hearer,' prop. 
ppr. of cliii't-f = (ir. /i/ri/v = Skt. V er, hear, 
whence also (pp.) .Skt. yrutn, heard, = (Jr. /,/CTW 
= L. in-cliilii--; ln'itrd of, famous, = AS. lilmil, 
K.louil: Wfloiitt.] 1. In Hum. until/., u person 
who was under the guardianship and protection 
of another of superior rank and influence, called 
his patron. The relation of client and patron l-tccn 
:i | i!c I trial I mill :i [1:1! I h ian, although at tlrst strictly Vollin 
tary, was lieivililai'y, llu- Im-mcr heai-ini; the family name 
of the latter, ami performing various si -i Tiers fur him ami 
his family both in peace and war, in return for advice 
ami support iii respect to private rights ami intensN. 
KomKiiern in Rome, ami even allied or subject stairs an. I 
citie.s, \\i-i ..... ftcn clients of Koman patricians selected In 
tlirm as patrons. The number of a patrician , clienK 
:is MI' a haron s viiM.sals in the middle ages, was a gage of 
his greatness. 
The institution hy which every plebeian was allowed to 
choose any patrician for his pirtron . . . made the path 
clans emulate each other in act* of civility and humanity 
to their client*, anil contributed to preserve the peace ami 
harmony of Home. ./. .!,/,, Works, IV. 543. 
2. In a general sense, one who lives under the 
patronage of, or whose interests are represented 
by, another. 
The prince being at Brussels, humbly besought bis ma- 
ji sty to pity the misery of his poor subjects; who hy his 
suit gat of the emperor, for bis cli>-ut*. words without 
hope. Aichain, Works, p. 21. 
We are very curious to observe the behaviour of great 
men ami their client*. Steele, Spectator, No. 49. 
lt'c/. Your daughters arc not yet 
hi.spos'd of? 
(jvlda. No, but we have client* daily, 
That visit their affections. 
Shirley, Love ill a Maze, 1. 1. 
3. In the middle ages, any follower of a noble 
or knight ; an inferior soldier, mounted or on 
foot ; a vassal. 4. One who puts a particular 
interest into the care and management of an- 
other: specifically, one who applies to a lawyer 
for advice and direction in a question of law, 
or commits his cause or his legal interests in 
general to a lawyer's management. 
Advocates must deal plainly with their clients. 
Jer. Taylor, Holy Living. 
Clientage (kli'en-taj), n. [< client + -aije.} 1. 
In Bom. antiq., the state or condition of being 
a client under the patronage of another. 
That wretched and degrading clttntatte of the early em- 
pire: . . . gatherings of miserable idlers, sycophants, and 
spendthrifts, at the levees and public appearances of those 
whom, in their fawning servility, they addressed as lords 
and masters, but whom they abused behind their backs as 
close-fisted upstarts. Eneyc. Brit., XVIII. 413. 
Below this class Is the populace, between which and the 
patrician order a relation something like Koman clientage 
existed. Howells, Venetian Life, xxi. 
2. The condition of being the client of a law- 
yer or other representative of one's interests. 
3. A body of clients, in any sense of the word. 
The general interest of the profession and of the client- 
aye and the aim of the judges arc to bring each cause to 
as early an end as may be. The Century, XXX. 330. 
Recommending such legislation as shall enable libra- 
ries to send books to their outside clientage as second-class 
matter at one cent per pound. Science, VIII. 71. 
Cliental (kli'en-tal), a. [< client + -al.} 1. 
Pertaining to a client or clients. 
I sat down in the cliental chair, placed over against Mr. 
Jaggers's chair. Dickens, Great Expectations, xx. 
2. Of the nature of clientage. 
A dependent and cliental relation. 
Burke, Abridg. of Eng. Hist, an. 61. 
[Bare in both uses.] 
cliented(kli'en-ted),o. [< client + -e&.] Hav- 
ing clients. [Rare.] 
Tile least cliented pettifoggers. 
. Carew, Survey of Cornwall, fol. 4. 
clientelage (kl!-en'te-laj), w. [< clientele + 
-aye. The suffix is unnecessary.] A body of 
clients, dependants, retainers, or supporters; 
clientele. 
Because her clientelage was orthodox from 1834 down. 
and so deeply tinct with wisdom, she [Miss Grant] wielded 
a scepter more imperious than ever. 
X. A. Jtee., CXLIII. 338. 
clientelary (kli-en'te-la-ri), a. [< clientele + 
-an/r 1 .] Pertaining to clients or clientage : as, 
"clientelary right," Prynne, Power of Parlia- 
ments, App., p. 167. 
clientele, clientele (kli'en-tel; F. pron. kle-on- 
tal'), . [F. clientele, < L. clifnteta, cliontship, 
clients collectively. < clien(t-)s, a client: see ek- 
"''.] If. The condition or relation of a client. 
Len. Here's Varguuteitis holds good quarter with him. 
Cat. And under the pretext of clientele 
And visitation, with the morning hail, 
Will he admitted. B. Jonion, Catiline, iii. 3. 
2. Clients collectively. 
1045 
The machinery of corruption was well in order. The 
threat nolilc.s commanded tne votes of tie 
, Cie.sar. p. 184. 
3. Interests of a client; patronage. [Uare.] 
Our laws . . . against those whose cln-nt>'l>' you nn<ii i 
take have been disputed both by churchmen and stale- 
men. /;/,. ll,<rkrt, Al.p. William.- i U. 
clientship (kli'pnt-uhip), n. [< rliint + -uln/i. } 
The conmoon of being a client; a state of be- 
ing niiiler the protection of a patnm. Itn/ili it. 
Cliff 1 (klif), H. [Early mod. V..rlifr (|.l. d&me, 
r/rrr.v), < ME. I'/-/, 0fof(<lt .' ,-lil'i; 
cleve, pi. rlins. rlins, t-li-i-ix, etc.), < AS. clif 
(pi. rlifn, r/.o/W) (=OS. /,/,/= I). //,/= Ui. 1,-li); 
a cliff, a rock, = led. /.7i/ = OHG. kleb), a cliff, 
prob. orig. a place climbed or to be climbed. < 
'clifan (pp. V/i/i), in comp. filln-lifnit. udlieiv. 
= Icel. klif a, climb: see dive 1 ainl ,!.,, i. The 
and rugged face of a rocky mass ; a steep rock 
or headland; a precipice. 
And romyn^'e on the clyreM by the sea. 
Chawxr, Good Women, 1. 1470. 
Here es a knyghte In theis Hevi/s, encletssidc with hilles. 
ilorte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2390. 
England's shore, whose promontory clrenet 
Shew Albion is unother little world. 
',< . . in-. Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. 
The rest was craggy cliff, that overhung 
Still as it mse, impossible to climb. 
M'll'in, f. L, IT. 647. 
cliff 2 (klif), n. A. variant of clef. 
cliff-brake (klif'brak), n. See brakes. 
cliff-limestone (klif 'Hm'stpn), n. A name once 
extensively used by geologists for certain rocks 
in the Mississippi valley, partly of Silurian and 
partly of Devonian age, forming cliffs or bluffs 
along that stream. The name has been dropped 
since the completion of more accurate surveys. 
cliff-swallow (klif'swol'6), n. A bird of the 
family Hirundinidce and genus Fetrochelidon : 
so called from affixing its bottle-nosed nests 
of mud to cliffs. There are several species ; the best- 
known Is P. luni/rom, abundantly but irregularly distrib- 
uted in North America, and in populous districts usually 
building its nesta under eaves, whence it is often called 
MMMM0MI It is 5} inches long and about 12 in extent 
of wings ; the upper parts and a spot on the breast are 
dark, lustrous steel-blue ; the under parts are rusty-gray ; 
the rump is rufous; the chin, throat, and sides of the 
head are chestnut ; and the forehead is marked with a 
white or light crescent. The tail is scarcely forked. Also 
called inud.swalloip, crescent -wallow, &mi republican sittal- 
Cliffy (klif 'i), a. [ME. not found ; < AS. clifia, 
< cfif + -ig : see cliff 1 and -#i.] Having cliffs; 
broken; craggy: as, "Vecta's cliffy isle," John 
Dyer. 
clift't (klift), n. A variant of clefft. 
cliftH (klift ),v.t. [<c/./l, .] To split. 
Through elf/ted stones. Conyreve, Mourning Bride, i. 3. 
clift 2 (klift), n. [A form of cliff \ due appar. 
to confusion with clift 1 = cleft 1 ."] A cliff. 
I view the coast old Ennius once admir'd ; 
Where cliffs on either side their points display. 
Drijden, tr. of Peraius's Satires, vi. 17. 
cliftpnite (klif'ton-it), n. [Named after R. B. 
Clifton, a professor of physics at Oxford.] A 
form of graphitic carbon occurring in cubic or 
cubo-octahedral crystals in the meteoric iron 
of Youngdegin in West Australia, 
cliftv (klif 'ti), a. [< clifft, = cliffs. + -yl.] 
Cliffy. [Bare.] 
The rocks below widen . . . and their cliffy sides are 
friuged with weed. Pennant. 
The vagrant winds were abroad, rioting among the clifly 
heights where they held their tryst. 
C. E. Crad<Jo<*(Miss Murfree), Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 66. 
cliid (kli'id), n. A pteropod of the family Cliida;. 
Cliida (kli'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Clio, 2 (6), + 
-idee.'} Same as ClionidcE*. 
clikett, . A Middle English form of clicket. 
clima (kli'mft), n. [L., appar. a particular use 
of clima, a region: see dime 2 , climate.] An an- 
cient Roman measure of land, a square of 60 
Roman feet on the side. 
climactert (kli-mak'ter), n. [L., < Gr. ufa/wK- 
T^p, a step of a staircase or ladder, a danger- 
ous period of life, < Kti,fia%, a ladder, climax: 
see climax.'} A climacteric. 
In his years there is no climacter; his duration is eter- 
nity, and far more venerable than antiquity. 
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, 1. 28. 
climactert (kli-mak'ter), i>. t. [< climacter, n.} 
To bring to a climacteric, especially to the 
grand climacteric. Drayton. [Rare.] 
climacterian (kli-mak-tl'ri-an), n. [< </('/<- 
tery + -an.} An author or "a speaker who is 
given to or skilled in the use of the rhetorical 
figure called climax. [Rare.] 
climate 
Observe the author's steps continually rising ; we shall 
find him on man) >, axiom, a p 
/.'"</' / .N <>, 'I, , i:\aiiicn, p. 'if. 
Climacteric (kll-mak-ter'ik or kll-inak'te-rik), 
. and H. [= !'. </</</(';//, etc.. < h. i''li,,ni, - 
Itrtem, < <!r. i:'/.'iiHnTi,iiiki'n, pertaining to a eli- 
inaeter, < k'/ifi(ikr>//i: see /liiiinrUT.} I. n. Per- 
taining to a critical period, crisix, or climax. 
\t that i'liiiiii'-l''i i<- tine i the civil war) the 
I'leiad "f ..tir elder poets Was complete ami shlnlii 
astar was lost. sixluntu, I'oetd of Aim-i i 
Climacteric teething, the pr...incii..n of t. . n, .. 
late jH-iii'.l uf life, generally l.ct\vcen the sixty-third and 
eighty iii st years. CUmacteric years. See II. 
n. . A critical period in life, or a period in 
which some great change is supposed to take 
place in the human constitution; especially, 
the so-called change of life or menopause. 1 1 
climacteric'. ,] pcrio,!, have hc< -n slip)- 
he the years i-nding the third, lifth. Mcieiith. : ninth 
perio.1 f -.-veil \ears, to which Home add the eighty-Mitt 
year. The sixty-third year was called the />.. 
liituirt: ,/,. It has been hclieved that each <P! 
period! Is attended with some remarkable change in re- 
spect to health, life, or fortum'. 
Washington Albion died in the month of July, 1843, 
aged sixty-three, having reached the grand climacteric, 
that special mile-stone on the road of life. 
Stunner, Orations, I. 163. 
climacterical (kli-mak-ter'i-kal), a. and n. 
Same as cliniiir/i-rii: 
Mahomet . . . made that [Mecca] the place of his resi- 
dence, where he dyed in the great climaeterical yeer of 
his age. Sandyt, Travalles, p. 42. 
Being ray birth-day, and I now entering my great rli- 
mactencal of 63. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 30, 1882. 
Climacteris (kll-mak'te-ris), . [NL., < Gr. 
i&ipanTiip: see climacter.] A notable genus of 
creepers, of the family CerthiuUe, related to the 
wall-creepers, and by some placed in the same 
subfamily, Tichodrominte, with them. There are 
several species, peculiar to the Australian and Papuan re- 
gions and the Philippine islands. They have a short soft 
tall, abort bill and toes, large claws, and brownish or 
spotted plumage. C. tcandetu is an example. Tetnininck, 
1820. 
Climacteryt (kli-mak'te-ri), n. [< Gr. Klifiaicrlip, 
a round of a ladder, a climacteric, with direct 
reference to climax, q. v.] In rhet., the con- 
struction and use of climax. [Rare.] 
lie wrought upon the approaches to Oates's plot with 
notable disposition and climactery, often calling before he 
came at it. Roger North, Examen, p. 233. 
He is an artist at disposition and climactery for the set- 
ting off his positions. Roger North, Examen, p. 487. 
cliruat (F. pron. kle'ma\ . [P. : see climate.} 
Among the vineyards of Burgundy, a small dis- 
trict of ground known as producing wine of a 
certain quality. A climat may Iwlong to one or to 
several proprietors. The Clos-Vougeot is a large climat 
which has generally belonged to one proprietor; but 
others, as the climat of Chamliertin and that of Musigny, 
have been divided into several holdings. 
Climatal (kll'ma-tal), a. [< climate + -al.} Of 
or pertaining to climate. [Rare.] 
The general rule is, that climntal and geological changes 
go on slowly. A. R. Wallace. Nat. Select., p. 67. 
climatarchict (kli-mMar'kik), a. [< Gr. K).!- 
lia(r-), a region (in mod. sense of climate), + 
&PX eiv j rule. Cf. nljuaTapxoc, (of same forma- 
tion), a governor of a province.] Presiding 
over climates. Craig. 
Climate (kli'mat), . [In def. 2 modern ; < ME. 
climat, < OF. ctiniat, mod.F. flimat=Sp. Pg. cli- 
ma = It. clima, also climate, cliinato, = D. klimaat 
= Or. Dan. klima = Sw. klimat, < L. clima (> also 
E. clime?, q. v.), < Gr. n/u>a(r-), a region, zone, 
or belt of the earth, the supposed slope of the 
earth from the equator to the pole, prop, a slope, 
inclination, < Mvnv, slope, = E. leanl. Cf . cli- 
max, etc.] If. In old geog. : (a) A zone mea- 
sured on the earth's surface by lines parallel to 
the equator. There were thirty of these zones 
between the equator and the pole. 
The climes or Climate*, which are the spaces of two Par- 
allels. Purchat, l>ilgriniage, p. 60. 
A climate is the space or difference upon the face of the 
earth included between two parallel!-., wherein the day is 
sensibly lengthened or shortened half an hower. 
J. Darin, Seaman's Secrets (1594), ii. 
(ft) One of seven divisions of the earth corre- 
sponding to the seven planets. 
The superflcialtee of the erthe is departed Into 7 parties, 
for the 7 planetes, and tho (these) parties ben clept cly- 
mates. Manderille, Travels, p. 186. 
Hence 2. A region or country; any distinct 
portion of the earth's surface. 
0, forfend it, God, 
That, in .1 Christian climate, souls rrflifd 
Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed ! 
Shale., Rich. II., IT. 1. 
Our ships are laden with the harvest of every climate. 
Addiwn, The Koyal Exchange. 
