Clisiocampa 
of moths of the family llumbi/cida; character- 
ized by their rusty-brown color arid by two 
oblique lines across the fore wings. The eggs are 
];iid in a circular mass around the twigs of the infested 
food-plant, and the larvie are gregarious. The larva of C. 
Forest Tent-caterpillar (Clisiocamfa sylvatica). 
a, eggs, natural size ; *, female moth, natural size; c, top view of 
single egg, and d, side view of eggs, enlarged ; f, caterpillar, natural 
size. 
americana, or the American tent-caterpillar, lives in a 
conspicuous web and is a pest in orchards ; that of C. 
sylvatica, known as the forest tent-caterpillar, makes a 
smaller web and is destructive to oak forests. Curtis, 
1828. 
Clistenterata (klis-ten-te-ra'ta), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. lAeiarof, that can be closed (see clisto-), 
+ ivrcpa, entrails.] An order of Brachiopoda, 
equivalent to Arthropomata (which see). Also 
Cleistenterata. 
clistenterate (klis-ten'te-rat), a. Pertaining 
to or having the characters of the Clistenterata ; 
arthropomatous. Also deistenterate. 
clisto-. [Also cleisto-, < Gr. /c/tedrrof, that can be 
closed, verbal adj. of n'Mltiv, close : see dose 1 , 
v.] A prefix of Greek origin used in modern 
scientific words, meaning 'closed,' 'closable.' 
clistocarp (klis'to-karp), n. [< Gr. ideioToe, that 
can be closed (see clisto-), + Kap7r6f, fruit: see 
carp 1 .] In bot., an ascogonium in which the 
asci and spores are formed within a completely 
closed perithecium, from which the spores es- 
cape only by its final rupture, as in Erysiphece. 
Also deistocarp. 
Clistocarpidae (klis-to-kar'pi-de), n. pi. [NL., 
as clistocarp + -id&.] A family of lucernarian 
hydrozoans, represented by such genera as Cra- 
terolophusand Manama, containing those Luccr- 
nariicUe which are not named Eleutherocarpida;. 
clistocarpous (klis-to-kar'pus), a. [< clistocarp 
+ -oils.] In bot., having a closed capsule: ap- 
plied to mosses in which the capsule is without 
anoperculum, dehiscing irregularly. Alsodm- 
tocarpous. 
clistogamic (klis-to-gam'ik), a. [< clistogamy 
+ -icT] In bot., of, pertaining to, or character- 
ized by clistogamy. Also deistogamic, clistoge- 
nous. 
clistogamous (klis-tog'a-mus), a. [< Gr. ittei- 
OTOC, that may be closed (see clisto-), + yapoi;, 
marriage.] Same as clistogamic. 
clistogamy (klis-tog'a-mi), n. [As clistogam- 
ous + -y 3 .] In bot., a peculiar dimorphism in 
the flowers of a plant, when in addition to the 
ordinary fully developed flowers there are others 
in which development is arrested in the bud, 
but which are still fertile and produce an abun- 
dance of seed. These latter flowers are inconspicuous, 
without petals, nectaries, or fragrance, with small anthers 
containing few pollen-grains, and the pistil much reduced. 
They are necessarily self-fertilized, but are always fertile, 
while the more perfect flowers of the same plant are often 
nearly or quite sterile. Clistogamy is known to occur in 
about sixty genera belonging to many very different or- 
ders, chiefly dicotyledonous. The violet is a familiar in- 
stance. Also clfintoffanit/, clistotjeny. 
clistogene, clistogenous (klis'to-jen, klis-toj'- 
e-nus), a. [< Gr. Kfaiar6f (see clisto-) + -yev>K\ 
see -gen, -gcnous.] Same as clistogamic. 
clistogeny (klis-toj'e-ni), M. [< clistogene + 
-y 3 .] Same as clistogamy. 
Clistosaccus (klis-to-sak'us), n. [NL. (Lillje- 
borg, 1859), < Gr. /oteorof, that can be closed 
(see clisto-), + o-a/ocof, sack.] A genus of rhizo- 
cephalous or suctorial cirrlpeds, of the family 
Sacculinida;. Also Cleistosaccus. 
clit (klit), a. [E. dial. Cf. clot 1 .] 1. Stiff; 
heavy; clayey: said of the soil. 2. Heavy; 
hazy: said of the atmosphere. [Prov. Eng.] 
clit-burt (klit'ber), . [< elite 1 + bur; a var. of 
clot-bur, q. v.] Same as dot-bur. 
Glitch 1 ! (klich), v. t. [A var. of cletch, dutch 1 , 
q. v.] To clutch; catch. 
1050 
He hath an earthen pot wherewith to ditch up water. 
Holland, tr. of the Cyroptedia, p. 4. 
clitch 2 (klieh), v. i. [Cf. MD. Uissen, stick, ad- 
here, D. Uissen, be entangled, < MD. klisse, D. 
kits, a bur: see elite 1 .'] To stick; adhere; be- 
come thick or glutinous. [Prov. Eng.] 
elite 1 (klit), n. [In comp. clit-, in clit-bur; also 
formerly c/itlie (and dial, clider, formerly eli- 
thercn); < ME. "elite (var. elide, and clete, mod. 
E. cleat 1 , q. v.), < AS. elite ("clithe not found), 
f ., colt's-foot, = MD. klesse, klisse, D. klis, a bur, 
= OHG. chletta, ehleta, f., diletto, m., MHG. 
klette, Jclete.Cr. Tdette, f., burdock; in series with 
AS. date, E. dote 1 , burdock, and prob. akin to 
the equiv. AS. clife, E. dice 3 , burdock (see 
dive 3 ), appar. (like the then ult. related mod. 
E. cleavers, clivers) connected with AS. cleofian, 
clifian, E. cleave"*-, adhere.] If. Goose-grass. 
See cleavers, 1. 2. The burdock, Arctium Lap- 
pa. [Prov. Eng.] 
Clite 2 t, n. An obsolete form of cleat 2 . 
elite 3 (klit), n. [E. dial., also clayte. Cf. clit.'] 
Clay; mire. [Prov. Eng.] 
clitella, n. Plural of clitellmn. 
clitellar (kli-tel'ar), a. [< NL. clitettaris, < 
clitellum, q. v. See -or 3 .] Of or pertaining to 
the clitellum or clitellus of a worm : as, clitellar 
segments. 
clitelli. n. Plural of clitellus. 
Olitellio (kli-tel'i-6), n. [NL. Cf. clitellum.'] 
A genus of tubicolous limicoline annelids, of 
the family Tubificidas. A species of this genus 
is commonly found along the New England 
coast at high-water mark. 
clitellum (kli-tel'um), n. ; pi. clitella (-a). [NL., 
also clitellus, < L. clitella:, a pack-saddle.] In 
zool. , the saddle of an annelid, as the earthworm ; 
a peculiar glandular ring around the body, re- 
sulting from the swelling and other modification 
of certain segments. It is a sexual organ, producing 
a tough, viscid secretion by which two worms are bound 
together in a kind of copulation. Also called cingulum. 
A part of the body into which more or fewer of the seg- 
ments . . . enter is swollen, of a different color from the 
rest, provided with abundant cutaneous glands, and re- 
ceives the name of cingulum or clitellum. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 195. 
clitellus (kli-tel'us), . ; pi. clitelli (-1). Same 
as clitellum. 
A glandular layer is developed on one portion of the 
body of the Lumbricidee, as a clitellus. 
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 141. 
clithet, n. [See elite 1 .'] Burdock. Gerard. 
clitherent, [See clithe, elite 1 .] Goose-grass. 
Gerard. 
clithral (klith'ral), a. [< Gr. ufaWpov, a bar, 
SI. a gate, door,' < iiktit.iv, close : see close 1 , r. 
f. clathrate.~] In Gr. arch., having a roof that 
forms a complete covering: said of certain 
temples by those who hold the opinion that 
some of these monuments, styled by them hy- 
psethral temples, were roofed only in part. Also 
cleithral. 
clithridiate (kllth-rid'i-at), a. [< Gr. K^t6pi- 
iiov, dim. of K?.ei6pia, a keyhole (cf. KMlOpov, a 
bar for closing a door), < i&eieiv, close: see 
close^, r.] Shaped like a keyhole : applied to 
the form of the orifice of the zoceeia of certain 
polyzoans. Busk. 
Ciitoria (kli-to'ri-a), . [NL.] A genus of plants, 
natural order Legtim inosce, found throughout the 
tropics of both hemispheres. The species, which 
are numerous, are climbing, rarely erect, herbs, with large 
blue, white, or red flowers. Several are in cultivation. C. 
Mariana, the butterfly-pea, is a native of the United States 
and Mexico. 
clitoridean (kli-to-rid'e-an), a. [< clitoris (-rid-) 
+ -ean.~\ Pertaining to the clitoris. 
clitoridectomy (kli"to-ri-dek'to-mi), n. [< Gr. 
K/.eiropif (-p5-), clitoris, + eKTo/tfi, excision, < 
eKTe/ivsiv, excise, < cf, out, + reftvetv, cut.] In 
surg., excision of the clitoris. 
clitoris (kli'to-ris), n. [NL., < Gr. K^nropif, < 
K^C'KIV, close, shut: see close*.'] An erectile or- 
gan of the female of most mammals, including 
the human species, and of sundry birds, as the 
ostrich, differing from the penis of the male 
chiefly in its smaller size and usually imper- 
forate state, being as a rule not perforated or 
grooved by a urethra, though it is so in some 
animals, as lemurs. It is usually small and concealed 
in the normal state of the parts, as in the human female ; 
sometimes large, pendent externally, and difficult to dis- 
tinguish from a penis, as in spider-monkeys (Ateles). 
clitorism (kll'to-rizm), n. [< NL. clitorismus, 
< clitoris, q. v.] The presence of a very large 
clitoris ; hypertrophy of the clitoris. 
Clitoritis (kll-to-ri'tis), n. [NL., < clitoris + 
-itis.~\ Inpathol., inflammation of the clitoris. 
cloaca 
clitter-clatter (klit'er-klat'er), ?. [A varied 
reduplication of clatter; cf. clish-elash, tiltle-tat- 
tle, etc.] Palaver; idle talk; a chattering noise. 
Such were his writings ; but his chatter 
Was one continued clitter-clatter. Sivift. 
We talked long in the style of philosophic clitter-datter. 
Carlyle, in Fronde, I. 124. 
dive 1 !, v. i. [ME. cliveii, < AS. *elifan, only in 
comp. otliclifan, adhere (= OS. bi-kliblian = 
OFries. bi-klim), = OHG. chlipan, klibtin, MHG. 
kliben, also in comp. lii-cltliban, cleave, adhere, 
stick (cf. causative OHG. "clilciben, kleiben, 
MHG. G. kleiben, cause to adhere), = Icel. klifa 
(pret. kleif) = Sw. kUfra =Dan. M're.now klyre, 
climb (whence the ME. sense). Hence the 
secondary form, AS. clifian, rleojiaii, ME. clivien, 
eleovien, clevien, divert, eleven, E. cleave: see 
cleave^-. Cf. cliff and climb.'] To climb ; ascend. 
Ambiciou, thet is kuead [wicked] wilninge liege [high] to 
cliue. Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 22. 
Wyth-oute thise uour [four] uirtues non ne may dine into 
the helle [hill] of perfeccion. AyeiMte oj Jmcyt, p. 127. 
clive 2 t, v. i. A Middle English form of rleiu-ei. 
clive 3 !, n. [ME., < AS. clife, in earlier form 
clibe, burdock (sed smti'le clife, the small bur- 
dock, cleavers; foxes clife, burdock; in comp. 
gdr-elife (gar, spear), agrimony) (= MD. kleve, 
klijre = MLG. Wire = OHG. *chliba, burdock), 
appar. < clifian or "cKfan, adhere, stick: see 
cleave^ and clive^, and cf. clivers, cleavers.] 
Burdock or agrimony. 
clive 4 t, An obsolete form of cliff 1 . 
cliver 1 !, [ME. diver, < AS. clifer, pi. difras, 
a claw; prob. < clifian, adhere, cleave: see 
cleave^.] A claw. 
Ich habbe bile stif and stronge 
And gode clivers scharp and longe. 
dirt and Nightingale, 1. 269. 
Oliver 2 , n. See cleavers, 1. 
diver 3 (kliv'er), n. A dialectal form of cleaver 2 . 
clivers, ". See cleavers. 
clives (klivz), n. [Prob. connected with cleave 1 , 
obs. dire, stick, fasten. Cf. diver 1 .'] A hook 
with a spring-catch to prevent it from unfas- 
tening. E. H. Knight. 
clivi, n. Plural of climif. 
Clivicola (kli-vik'o-la), . [NL. (J. R. Forster, 
1817), < L. clivua, a' slope, declivity, + colere, in- 
habit.] A genus of swallows, the bank-swal- 
lows : synonymous with Cotile and of prior date. 
Climcola riparia is the type. 
clivity (kliv'i-ti), n. [< L. divus, a slope ; cf. 
declivity.] A declivity; a gradient. [Rare.] 
cllVOUSt (kli'vous), a. [< L. clirosus, steep, 
hilly, < dirus, a slope, a declivity, a hillside, 
hill: see clivus.~] Sloping; steep. 
clivus (kli'vus), n. ; pi. elivi (-vi). [L., a slope, 
< *dinare (^ *cli), slope, incline, lean : see dine.] 
Aslope Clivus Blumenbachli, clivus oasis spne- 
noidis, or simply clivus, in anat., the sloping surface 
rising from the anterior margin of the foramen magnum 
to the crest of the dorsum ephippii, formed of the upper 
surfaces of the basilar process of the occipital bone and of 
the back part of the body of the sphenoid. 
. 
cloaca (klo-a'ka), .; pi. cloacas (-kaz), cloaca 
(-se). [= F. doaque = Sp. Pg. It. cloaca = G. 
kloake = Dan. kloak, < L. cloaca, a common sew- 
er, prob. < OL. cluere, cleanse.] 1. An under- 
ground conduit for drainage ; a common sewer : 
as, the cloaca maxima at Rome. 2. A sink ; a 
privy. 3. [NL.] In zool. : (a) In vertebrates, 
the enlarged termination of the rectum or lower 
bowel, forming a cavity originally in common 
with that of the allantois (in those animals 
which have an allantois) and permanently in 
common with the termination of the urogenital 
organs; the common chamber into which the 
intestine, ureters, sperm-ducts, and oviducts 
open, in sundry fishes, in reptiles and birds, and 
in the ornithodelphous mammals. This cavity is 
the common sewer of the body, receiving the refuse of di- 
gestion, the productof conception, the spermatic secretion, 
and the renal excretion, all to be discharged through the 
anal orifice. It is more or less incompletely divided into 
the cloaca proper, or the enlarged end of the rectum, and 
the urogenital sinus, a compartment in which terminate 
the ureters, sperm-ducts, and oviducts, and which con- 
tains the penis or clitoris when those organs are developed. 
There is, no cloaca in adult mammals, with the exception 
of the monotremes, the separation of the nrogenital sinus 
from the digestive tube being complete in all the others. 
(b) In invertebrates, the homologous or anal- 
ogous and corresponding structure effecting 
sewerage of the bodv: as (1) in sponges, the 
common cavity in which the interstitial canal- 
systems open ; (2) in holothurians, the respira- 
tory tree (which see, under respiratory), (c) In 
entom. : (1) A cavity found in many insects at 
the end of the abdomen, between the last dor- 
sal and ventral segments, and receiving the ex- 
tremity of the rectum. Also called the recto- 
