clove 
volatile oil tor which the flower-buds are prized. Cloves 
are very largely used as a spice, and in medicine for their 
stimulant and aromatic properties. 
Biron. A lemon. 
Long. Stuck with doves. Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. 
2. The tree which bears cloves. 3. [F. clou, 
a nail: see etym.] Along spike-nail Mother 
Cloves, the dried fruit of the clove-tree, resembling eloves 
somewhat in appearance, but larger and less aromatic. 
Oil Of Cloves, an essential oil obtained from the buds of 
the clove-tree. It is the least volatile of the essential oils, 
and consists of eugenic acid and a neutral oil. It is color- 
less or has a faint yellow tinge, a strong characteristic 
odor, and a burning taste. Royal Clove, an abnormal 
state of the clove, in which it has an unusual number of 
sepals and large bracts at the base : once held in high re- 
pute from its rarity and supposed virtues. Wild clove, 
a small tree of the West Indies and Venezuela, Pimento, 
acra, which yields the oil of myrcia, the basis of bay-rum. 
clove 5 (klov), . [Origin uncertain.] In Eng- 
land, a weight of cheese, etc. A statute of 1430 
makes the clove equal to 7 pounds. The word is still used 
in Suffolk and Essex for a weight of 8 pounds of cheese or 
wool, as a division of the wey. 
clove-bark, clove-cinnamon (klov'bark, -sin"- 
a-inon), n. Same as clove-cassia (which see, 
under cassia). 
Clove-gillyflower (kl6v'jil"i-flou-er), n. [ME. 
clowe gilofre, etc., clove; in mod. sense a new 
comp. of cfoce* + gillyflower: see clove* and gil- 
lyflower.] It. Same as clove*, 1. 
In that countree growen many trees that beren clowe- 
gilofres and notemuges. Ulandemlle, Travels. 
2. One of the popular names of Dianthus Cary- 
ophyllus, given especially to the clove-scented, 
double-flowered, whole-colored varieties. 
clove-hitch (klov'hich), . See hitch, 6. 
clove-hook (klov'huk), n. Naut., same as sis- 
ter-hook. 
clovel (klo'vel), . [E. dial.] Same as back-bar. 
cloven (klo' vn), p. a. [< ME. cloven, < AS. clofen, 
pp. of cleofan, cleave: see cleave^.} 1. Divided; 
parted; split; riven. 
She did confine thee . . . 
Into a cloven pine. Shak., Tempest, i. 2. 
2. Inher. See sarcelled. Cloven hoof. See hoof. 
To Show the cloven hoof, to show that one has designs 
of an evil or diabolic character, the devil being commonly 
represented with cloven hoofs. 
cloven-berry (kl6'vn-ber"i), n. A shrub of the 
West Indies, Samyda serrulata, which bears a 
dehiscent fleshy fruit. 
cloven-footed (klo'vn-fuf'ed), a. [ME. clove- 
fote; < cloven + foot + -ed 2 .} 1. Having the 
foot divided into parts ; cloven-hoofed ; fis- 
siped. 2. In omith., having the webs of a 
palmate foot deeply incised, so that the foot is 
almost semipalmate, as in a tern of the genus 
Hydrochelidon, the Larusfissipes or cloven-foot- 
ed gull of early authors. 
cloven-hoofed (klo'vn-hoft), a. Having the 
hoof divided into two parts, as the ox. 
clove-pink (klov'pingk), n. A variety of pink 
the flowers of which smell like cloves. 
clover (klo'ver), n. [E. dial, clover, clavver, Sc. 
claver, claiver; < ME. clover, earlier claver, < AS. 
clafre, usually clfefre = D. klaver = MLG. klever, 
klaveren, LG. klever, Tdewer = Dan. kloner = Sw. 
klofver = (in shorter form) OHG. clileo, chle 
(chlew-), MHG. kle(klew-), G. klee, clover. Root 
unknown.] 1. A name of various common spe- 
cies of plants of the genus Trifolium, natural 
order Leguminosos. They are low herbs, chiefly found 
in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. 
There are about 200 species, of which about 50 are natives 
of the United States, chiefly west of the Rocky Mountains. 
Many are valuable forage-plants. The red, purple, or 
meadow clover, T. pratense, is extensively cultivated for 
fodder and as a fertilizer. The white or Dutch clover, T. 
repens, is common in pastures. The Alsike clover, T. hy- 
bridum, and the Italian, carnation, or crimson clover, T. 
incarnatum, are sometimes cultivated. Other species, 
mostly weeds of little value, are the yellow or hop clover, 
T. agrariutn ; the stone, hare's-foot, or rabbit-foot clover, 
T. arvense ; the strawberry clover, T. fragiferum ; the 
buffalo clover, T. rejtexum ; the zigzag clover, T. medium, 
etc. The above are all natives of Europe, though several 
1060 
1 - 
Clover-hay Worm (Asopia cffsfalisi, natural size. 
2, lame ; 3. cocoon ; 4, chrysalis ; 5, 6, moth, with wings expanded 
and closed ; 7, worm covered with silken web. 
clovered (klo'verd), a. 
ered with clover. 
[< clover + -erf 2 .] Cov- 
Clover-weevil (Apian africans). 
(Vertical line shows natural size.) 
are widely naturalized. 
2. One of several plants of other genera belong- 
ing to the same order. Species of Melilotus are known 
as sweet clover and Bokhara or tree clover. Bur- or heart- 
clover is Medicago maculata ; Calvary clover, the spiny- 
fruited Medicago Echinus ; bush-clover, species of Lespe- 
deza ; bird's-foot clover, Lotus corniculatus and Trigonella 
ornithopodioides ; prairie clover, species of Petalostemon, 
etc. Clover-hay worm, the larva of the pyralid moth, 
Asopia costalis (Fabric-ins). It occurs all over the United 
States and Canada, and was probably brought from Eu- 
rope ; it feeds exclusively upon stored clover, matting it 
together with silk filled with excremental pellets, and 
utterly spoiling it as food for stock. It makes its cocoon 
either at the borders of the hay-mow or stack, or entirely 
away from it, under a board or other shelter. There are 
two or three annual generations, and the insect hibernates 
as a larva. See cut in next column. Clover-root borer. 
See borer. To be or live In Clover, to be like a cow in 
a clover-field that is, in most comfortable or enjoyable 
circumstances ; live luxuriously or in abundance. 
Flocks thick-nibbling through the clover'd vale. 
Thomson, Summer, 1. 1235. 
clover-grass (klo'ver-gras), n. Same as clover. 
clover-huller (klo'ver-huFer), n. A machine 
for separating clover-seeds from their hulls. 
clover-leaf (klo' ver-lef ), n. The leaf of clover ; 
a trefoil. 
clover-Sick (klo'ver-sik), a. In bad condition 
from being too long 
used for raising clo- 
ver : said of land. 
clover-weevil (klo'- 
v6r-we"vil), n. A 
kind of weevil of the 
genus Apion, differ- 
ent species of which 
feed on the seeds of 
the clover, as also 
on tares and other 
leguminous plants. 
A. apricans, especially, is 
frequently very destruc- 
tive to fields of red clo- 
ver, laying its eggs among 
the flowers, from which 
the grubs eat their way 
into the pods. It is of a bluish-black color and little more 
than a line in length. 
clovery (klo'ver-i), a. [< clover + -yi.] Full of 
clover; abounding in clover: as, clovery grass. 
They [peasant women] bring a sense of the country's 
clovery pasturage, in the milk just drawn from the great 
cream-colored cows. llowells, Venetian Life, vi. 
clovewort (klov'wert), n. [< clove* + wort 1 .] 
A name given to plants belonging to the natural 
order Caryophyllacece. 
clow 1 (klou), n. An obsolete or dialectal form 
of dough 1 , 5. 
clow 2 (klo), v. i. [A var. of claw.'} To pull to- 
gether rudely ; labor irregularly in a tumultu- 
ous manner. [North. Eng.] 
clowe-gilofret, [ME.: see clove-gillyflower 
and clove*.} A clove. 
clown (kloun), n. [Early mod. E. cloune (Levins, 
1570, perhaps the earliest instance cited), < Icel. 
klunni, a clumsy, boorish fellow (= North Fries. 
Tclonne, a clown, bumpkin Wedgwood); cf. Sw. 
dial, kluns, a hard knob, a clumsy fellow, klunn, 
a log, Dan. klunt, a log, a block, = D. klont, a 
clod, lump; cf. also Dan. Sw. Mump, a lump 
(see club 1 and clump^) ; for the sense, cf. block- 
head, clodpoll. The notion that the word clown 
is derived from L. colonus, a husbandman (see 
colony), though phonetically possible (cf . crown, 
ult. < L. corona), is erroneous; but it has per- 
haps affected the use of clown.'} 1. A man of 
rustic or coarse manners ; a person without re- 
finement ; a lout ; a boor ; a churl. 
By my soul, a swain ! a most simple damn ! 
Shak., L L. L, iv. 1. 
As the husband is, the wife is : thou art mated with a 
clown, 
And the grossness of his nature will have weight to drag 
thee down. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
2. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic. 
When Little John came, to gambols they went, 
Both gentlemen, yeomen, and clouvi. 
Eobin Hood's Birth (Child's Ballads, V. 346). 
The clown, the child of nature without guile, 
Blest with an infant's ignorance of all 
But his own simple pleasures. Cowper, Task, iv. 623. 
3. A professional or habitual jester ; a merry- 
man or buffoon, as in a pantomime, circus, or 
other place of entertainment, and formerly in 
the households of the great. 
The roynish clown, at whom so oft 
Your grace was wont to laugh. 
Shak., As you Like it, it 2. 
=Syn. See jester and. zany. 
cloy 
clown (kloun), v. i. [< clown, n.} To act or be- 
have as a clown ; play the clown. 
Beshrew me, he clowns it properly indeed. 
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, v. 2. 
clownaget (klou'naj), n. [< clown + -age.} 
The manners of a clown. 
And he to serve me thus ! ingratitude 
Beyond the coarseness yet of any clownaye. 
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, 1. 4. 
Kural clownage or urbanity. Ford, Fame's Memorial. 
clownery (klou'ner-i), . [< clown + -ery.} 1. 
The condition or character of a clown ; ill-breed- 
ing; rustic behavior ; rudeness of manners. 
Honesty is but a defect of wit; 
Respect but mere rusticity and clownery. 
Chapman, All Fools, ii. 1. 
'Twere as good 
I were reduc'd to clownery. 
Ford, Perkin Warbeck, i. 2. 
2. Clownish buffoonery, as in a pantomime. 
The trivial and the bombastic, the drivelling, squinting, 
sprawling clowneries of nature, with her worn out stage- 
properties and rag-fair emblazonments. 
Sterling, quoted in Whipple's Lit. and Life, p. 113. 
clown-heal (kloun'hel), n. A common labiate 
plant, Stacliys palustris : first so called by the 
herbalist Gerard because a countryman who 
had cut himself to the bone with a scythe was 
said to have healed the wound with this plant. 
Also called clown's allheal and clown's wound- 
wort. 
clownish (klou'nish), . [< clown + -isfe 1 .] 1. 
Pertaining to or characteristic of clowns or 
rustics; like a clown; rude; coarse; awkward; 
ungainly. 
A cloud of cumbrous gnattes doe him molest, . . . 
But with his clomrish hands their tender wings 
He brusheth oft. Spenser, F. Q., I. i. 23. 
What if we essay'd to steal 
The clownish fool out of your father's court ? 
Shak., As you Like it, i. 3. 
He [Leicester] mimicked with ready accent the manners 
of the affected or the clownish, and made his own graceful 
tone and manner seem doubly such when he resumed it. 
Scott, Kenilworth, xvii. 
2. Abounding in clowns ; dull ; stupid ; uncul- 
tured; unrefined: as, "a clownish neighbour- 
hood," Dryden. = 3yn. Churlish, Loutish, etc. See boor- 
ish. 
clownishly (klou'nish-li), adv. In a clownish 
manner; coarsely; rudely. 
clownishness (klou'nish-nes), n. The state or 
quality of being clownish; rusticity; coarse- 
ness or rudeness of behavior or language ; in- 
civility; awkwardness. 
Even his Dorick dialect has an incomparable sweetness 
in its clownishness. Dryden. 
clownist (klou'nist), n. [< clown + -ist.} One 
who acts the clown ; a clown. 
We are, sir, comedians, tragedians, tragi-comedians, 
eomi-tragedians, pastorists, humorists, clownists, satirists. 
Middleton (and another), Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1. 
clown's-treacle (klounz'tre"kl), . A name of 
the garlic, Allium satirum. 
clowring (klour'ing), . [Cf. E. dial, clour, a 
lump.] In stone-cutting, the process of split- 
ting off superfluous stone with a wedge-shaped 
chisel, or with a pick, thus reducing the faces 
of the stone to nearly plane surfaces. In this 
condition it is said to be wasted off. 
cloy 1 (kloi), v. t. [< OF. "cloyer, var. otcloer, F. 
clouer, nail, fasten or join with nails (in comp. 
eneloyer (see accloy), cloy, choke or stop up, 
var. of encloucr, nail, drive in a nail), < clo, clou, 
< L. cl<ivus, a nail : see clove* and clouts.} if. 
To pierce ; gore. 
Which with his cruell tuske him deadly cloyd. 
Spenser, F. Q., III. vi. 48. 
2f. In farriery, to prick (a horse) in shoeing. 
He never shod a horse but he cloyed him. 
Bacon, Apophthegms. 
3f. To stop up ; obstruct ; clog. 
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbour by 
sinking ships laden with stones. 
Speed, Henry VI., IX. xvi. 30. 
4. To spike ; drive a spike into the vent of: as, 
to cloy a gun. 
Did Jove look on iis, I would laugh, and swear 
That his artillery is cloy'd by me. 
Fletcher (and Massingerf), False One, v. 4. 
5. To satiate; gratify to repletion or so as to 
cause loathing ; surfeit ; sate. 
Who can . . . 
. . . cloy the hungry edge of appetite 
By bare imagination of a feast ? 
Shak., Rich. II., i. 3. 
Let smooth-chinn d amourists be cloyjd in play, 
And surfeit on the bane of hateful leisure. 
Ford, Fame's Memorial. 
=Syn. B. Sale, etc. (see satisfy), pall, glut, gorge. 
