Clytra 
Clytra, . See I'll/thru. 
Clytus (kli'tus), H. [NL. (Fabricius, 1801).] 
A notable pomis of ccrambycinc beetles, con- 
taining active species (generally banded with 
yellow, white, or black. TIH-.V inm- long legs. finely 
maalUti i-.u-.s partly HiirriiuniliiiK tin 1 IKIM- "I 'I' 1 -'i 
I. im.r, n.mi.lr-l I.I- t.H.adly t ! i II II - 1 1 1 ;l I Hflltfl 1 1 1 111 . Mn"M 
pli.tlli.nu, arlltf inti'tvi.Mil pn.ri'--i'S, iitl-l frill inatt; til.til- 
with large spurs. 
dyvet, '' '" A Middle English form of rlnn-i '. 
I'lmiirrr. 
clyvest, A Middle Knglish plural of cliff 1 . 
cm. A contraction of ei-nlimi i<>\ 
C.M. An abbreviation of the Latin (New Latin) 
CMmrato Miiiiinli-r, Master in Surgery. 
cn-. [(I) ME. <-, later as in mod. 10. regularly 
A-H-, < AS. cn- (= OS. /.- = oll(i. (-, C//H-. 
MHG. O. kn-, etc.): nee /,--. (L 1 ) L.. etc., c-, < 
Gr. KV-, a common initial combination.] An 
initial combination not now admitted in actual 
English speech (the < bi-ing silent). though re- 
tained in the spelling of somo words from the 
Greek, (a) In native Knulixh words, regularly In the 
earliest speech, hut not now IIM-I! r\rt-pt in a few instances, 
us ctuvj, cntip, cwntlltt-rrit, where kn- is preferred. Sc' k/i 
(b) In words of u'n-rk 01 iyin, n,-* <// mini, ci\emis t etc. 
Cnag, M. See knnii. 
cnemapophysis (ne-raa-pof'i-sis), n.; pi. <<- 
e-//iyi/ii/.sr,v (-soz). [NL., < Gr. Kvf//"i, the lower 
part of the log, + uTo^wrif, an apophysis.] The 
large cnemial apophysis or process of the tibia 
of some birds, as loons and grebes, which ex- 
tends far above the knee-joint and serves for 
the attachment of extensor muscles, it is an i-\ 
tension of the cnemial crest or tuheroslty, and corresjioiiils 
to the olecranon of the ulna. 
cnemial (ne'mi-al), a. [< cnemia + -al.~] Of 
or relating to the onemis or tibia : as, a cneminl 
process: the cnemial ridge. See cut under tibio- 
Knir, 
tangents form a cone of the second order and 
class, haviiijf no double nor stationary gcni'- 
tratrices or tangent jilanes. 
cnictrope (nik'trop), . In math., a singularity 
of a surface consist in;; of a, tangent plane whose 
ineiiiit is re]. laced liy a cimic. 
Cnicus (ni'kus), . [NL., < L. (.<, prop. <>- 
I'/ix, < <ir. M '/,/,,-. a plant of I lie thistle kind, ' '<; 
tlininiiK Ihii-liinii.t. \ \ l:tr;re genus of c<uiipo- 
site plants, popularly known as tltisllrs. Th. > 
are nutivr-n.f the iiurthi-n'i lu-iMinplu-n , -P.iit pr! i-nriial* 01 
tiii'iniiiiN, witb prirkly lravi-H aii't invi.lncr' 
anil u IOIIL- puppii-. S'IMH- -|M-i-ifr* ;in- trmi 
blc!...! ,'i a feu are occaAJonaliy ciiltiMit.-il fi.i 
ornament. Thcrr are nrarly :'< hii-li alxiilt 
Illf lllit.'il Slulrs. S.-l' >/ 
cnida (ni'dii), .: pi. mida (-de). [NL., < L. 
null', < <!r. Ki'ift/, a ni'ttle, < Kvl^nv, scrape. 
grate, tickle, irritate, nettle.] One of the nrti- 
coach 
''(-., New York. 2. The chemical -unliol for 
mil/lit. 
C. 0. An abbreviation of rare of, common in ad- 
dressing letters, etc. Often written 
COacervate (ko-a-ser'vat), P. (.; prct. and pp. 
i-iau-i rriilnl. ].].r. riuii-i nnliiui. [< L. coin 
tun. pp. of I'nii-i n-arr, < co-, together. + ari-ri-nn , 
heap up, < lU'ii-i-tis. a heap.] To lieap up; pile. 
[Hare.] 
A IIIIKI- Magazinr ..f >"Hr Ka\..nr-i yi.n hate bn-n pleased 
to .In nil-. pn-M-nt ami ul.-.-nt. wifely Hlon-cl up ami ' 
mteil, t.i pr in- lln-m from iimillili-rliii; away InObllvion. 
ll<nr:-ll, l..-tt.rs, 1. i. 't. 
The proximal end of the tibia is produced forward and 
outward into an enormous cneminl crest, in all walking 
and swimming birds. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 226. 
cncraides, . Plural of cnemis. 
cnemidiinn (ne-mid'i-um), . ; pi. cnemidia 
(-'&). [NL., < Gr. Kirliftti, the lower part of the 
leg, + -iSmv. Cl. cnemis.] 1. In ornith., the low- 
er part of the cms ; the part of the log just above 
the suffrage or heel, which is without feathers 
in most wading orgrallatorial birds. 2. [cap.] 
[NL.] (a) A genus of polyps. Uvldfuss, 1826. 
(6) A genus of hymenopterous insects. Perty, 
1830. 
Cnemidophorus (ne-mi-dof o-rus), n. [NL. 
(Wagler, 1830), < Gr. nni/uAoQopot, wearing 
greaves, < mn/ftic, pi. Kvr/pifcf, greaves (see cne- 
mis), + -<j>6pof, < Qepetv = E. fccar 1 .] A genus 
of lizards, of the family Teiidie (or Ameivida;), 
related to Ameiva, but having the tongue free 
at the base. There are numerous species in the United 
States, the best-known ht-iii^ <'. sexlincatug, the common 
striped lizard, which is aliout 10 inches long and extreme- 
ly active. 
Cnemidospora (ne-mi-dos'po-ra), n. [NL., < 
Gr. Kin/pic; (Kvr/fitf-), greave (see cnemis), + airopa, 
seed.] A notable genus of gregarines, found in 
one of the diplopod myriappds, peculiar in the 
characters of its protomerite, whose contents 
form two distinguishable masses, the lower 
finely granular, the upper highly refractive, ap- 
parently fatty, and of a greenish color. The 
species is C. lit tea. 
Cnemiornis (ue-mi-6r'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
KvT/uif, a greave, legging (see cnemis), + opvtc, 
a bird.] A genus of subfossil gigantic flight- 
less geese with very large legs, remains of 
which occur with those of the moa in the Qua- 
ternary of New Zealand. The species is C. 
calcitrans, related to the existing Cereopsis of 
Australia. Owen, 1865. 
Cnemiornithid* (ne'mi-er-nith'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cin'iiiinriiifi (-iiith-) + -Ma'.] Afamily 
of anserine birds fonned for the reception of 
the genus Cnemiornis, having a desmognathous 
palate, rudimentary sternal keel, and ilia and 
ischia united behind. 
cnemis (ne'mis), .; pi. cntmides (-mi-dez). 
[NL., < Gr. Kvr//jif, greave, legging, < Kvqfiti, the 
lower part of the leg.] In zool. and mint., the 
cms ; the leg between the knee and the ankle ; 
especially, the tibia or shin-bone. 
cnicin (ni'sin), H. [< Cnicus + -t2.] A crys- 
talline principle found in the blessed thistle, 
Cnicus oenedictus, and various other plants. It 
is nrutral and bitter, and analogous to salicin in coraposi. 
lion. It is said to be useful as a medicine in intermittent 
tuna, 
cnicnode (nik'nod), . [Irreg. < L. cnicus (see 
I'nieus) + nodus, a knot, node.] In math., an 
ordinary node of a surface, or point where the 
A t a c 
A Cnida, Off Lasio-cell, from PltHrobrackia rktxtodactyla, 
highly magnified. 
A, the unbroken cell with the las*, coiled ; R, C, the cell with the 
Imo partly and fully thrown out. a, granular cell-wall ; *, the cnido- 
dl or lAMO, attached at c. After Again*. 
eating cells, thread-cells, lasso-cells, or nemato- 
cysts of the Ccelfntcra, from which the jelly- 
fishes, etc., obtain their power of stinging. 
I'lulcr pressure or irritation tin 1 '/</./ suddenly breaki*, 
Its fluid escapes, and the delicate thread (cnldodl) U pro- 
jected, still remaining attached to its sheath. The cnidir 
are said to be analogous to the tactile organs of the Ar- 
thropoda. J'ancoe, Zool. Class., p. 16. 
Cnidaria (ni-da'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., < cuida, q. v., 
+ -tiria."] Those Ccelentcra which have thread- 
cells or cnidic; the Ccelentcrata, with the ex- 
ception of the sponges. See Calentera. 
cnidoblast (ni'do-blast), n. [< NL. cnida, q. v.. 
+ Gr. faaartf, a germ.] In zool., the bud of 
a thread-cell ; a budding thread-cell, from the 
contents of which a nematocyst is developed. 
Very frequently thermVl"oWa*<# are found thickly grouped 
together at certain places, and form wart-like swelling 
or batteries. Clatu, Zoology (trans.), I. 2i'(, 
cnidocell (ni'do-sel). n. [< NL. cnida, q. v., 
+ L. (NL.) cella, cell.] In coiil., a thread-cell 
or lasso-cell ; a nematocyst or cnida. See cnida. 
This peculiar paralyzing or stupefying effect [of Hydra] 
is caused by the action of certain stinging or cnirfoftll/t 
(also called lasso-cells), which are most abundant in the 
tentacles, hut are also found ill other parts of the body. 
Stand. Kal. Hist., I. 74. 
cnidocil (ni'do-sil), n. [NL., < cnida, q. v.. 
+ riliitni, q. v.] In zoiil., the thread of a thread- 
cell or nematocyst; the coiled filament which 
springs out of a cnida or nematophore. See cut 
under cnida. 
Each cnidoblast . . . possesses a fine superficial pl.i 
matte process (cnuiwil), which is probably very sensitive 
to mechanical stimuli, and occasions the bursting of the 
capsule. Clatu, Zoology (trans.), I. 221. 
cnop, w. See l-nop. 
Cnossian (nos'i-an), a. [< L. Cnosttius, Cnosius, 
etc., (. Cnossus, Cnogiis, Cnosos, also Gnosgux, 
Gnosus, < Gr. Kvaaauf, Kvuai'if: see def.] Of 
or relating to Cnossus or Gnossus, the ancient 
capital of Crete, famous in mythology for the 
labyrinth fabled to have been built there for 
King Minos by Daadalns in order to hold the 
Minotaur. 
The Cnoftian labyrinth has a totally Oriental appear- 
ance, and reminds us of that celebrated garden of Mylittu 
in Babylon which Herodotus describes. 
Keary, Prim. Belief, p. 18i>. 
cnoutberry, w. See knmitberry. 
CO- 1 . [L. co-: see def., and com-.] A prefix of 
Latin origin, the usual form, before a vowel 
or A, of COM- (the m in Latin being weak), mean- 
ing 'together' or 'with.' See com-, it is now 
freely used in English in composition with words of any 
origin, )>eing preferred to com- or con- in combination with 
words of non-Latin origin, or with words of Latin origin 
in common use, words in co- being thus sometimes parallel 
to words in cam- (con-, cor., etc.) of the same ultimate ele- 
ments, but the pretlx, in the latter case, being attached 
in Latin, as in co-act'l, co^tctiw- (different from foocfl, 
eoocfiivi), co^itffnt, co-trist t co-laborer, co-re*pondtnt (dis- 
tinct from car-respondent), etc., or, with words of purely 
English origin, as in co-mate, co-icitrtrer, etc. 
CO- 2 . [Abbr. of NL. complrmenti, of the comple- 
ment.] In geom., a prefix, as in co-sine, co-se- 
cant, co-tangent, etc., meaning sine, secant, tan- 
gent, etc., of the complement. 
Co. 1. An abbreviation (n) of company: as, 
Smith, Brown & Co. ; (b) of county : as, Orange 
coacervate (ko-a-ser' vat .>, /. [< L. < 
pp.: see the verli. ] lleapeil; piled up; col- 
lected into a crowd. Iliirim. [Kare.] 
coacervation (ko-as-cr-vii'shon), . [< L. co- 
in; , -i, ni,,, n-), < coaccri-nre : see coacenate, c.] 
1. The act of heaping, or the -tati> of being 
heaped together or piled up. [Kare.] 
Coaeervation of the iiiiiunu-rat.lt- atoms i.f dust. 
Jer. Taylor, w ..i k, i. ,|. 18S5), I. 58. 
2. In logic, a chain-syllogism ; sorites, 
coach (koch), n. [Early mod. K. cm h, twin; < F. 
I-III-IK = Sp. Pg. cache = It. coechio = Wall. < 
cf. D. fcoete = G. kutsehe, a coach (S\v. Dan. 
I.H.-k, a coachman); Sloven. Bulg. kocltiju = 
Serv. kochije. pi., = Bohem. koch = Pol. knee = 
Little Kuss. knrliiijii = Albanian AW//J , all prob. 
< Hung. rVocsi (pron. ko-ehi), a coach: so called 
from Kocsi, Kotxi, now Kitsee, a village in Hun- 
gary. Vehicles are often named from the place 
of their invention or first use ; cf. berlin, landau, 
xetliin. Less prob., F. cache, It. coechio, and 
the forms which may be connected with them, 
depend on F. coque = It. cocca, a boat (see 
.-'/ ' i. < L. concha, a shell. But the G. and 
Slavic forms can hardly be referred to the same 
source. The sense of 'private tutor' is figura- 
tive, like the use of 'pony "for a translation, 
both enabling the student to ' get on ' fast.] 1. 
A four-wheeled close vehicle of considerable 
size ; originally, a finely built covered carriage 
A, hammercloth : K. front standard : C, back standard : />, duniiuy- 
bpring ; , body*loop; f.', check*strap ; t*, footman's holder. 
for private use ; now, any large inclosed vehi- 
cle with the body hung on easy springs, espe- 
cially one for public conveyance of passengers : 
as, a stage-coac/j. See mail-coach, tally-ho. 
To White Hall, where I saw the Duke de Soissons go 
from his audience with a very great deal of state : hla own 
coach all red velvet covered with gold lace, and drawn by 
six l>.-ir!.i-.s, and attended by twenty pages, very rich in 
clothea. 1'tfyi, Diary, I. 116. 
She was the first that did invent 
In cnaches brave to ride. 
Qveen Eleanor'* Pall (Child's Ballads, VII. 283). 
He kept his coach, which was rare in those days [in 
Elizabeth's reign] ; they then vulgarly calltil it a quitch. 
Aubrey. 
2. A passenger-car on a railroad. See rail- 
road-car. 3f. An apartment in a large ship of 
war, near the stern and beneath the poop-deck, 
usually occupied by the captain. 
The commanders came on board and the council sat in 
the roacA. Pepyn, Diary, I. 64. 
4. (a) A private tutor, especially one employed 
in preparing for a particular examination. 
A coach or crammer from the Circumlocution Office. 
Dickeiut, Little Dorrit, I. X. 
Warliam was studying for India, with * Wanchester 
coach. George Kliol, Daniel Deronda, vl. 
The English paterfamilias can hire a good coach to get 
hU lioy ready to compete for a clerkship. 
The American, VI. 2T8. 
(6) A person employed to train a boat's crew 
or other athletes for a contest. 5. The bone 
of the upper jaw of the sperm-whale. Also 
called sleigh. C. M. Scatnmon.to ride In the 
marrow-bone coach. Sec marmtr-bont. 
coach (koch), r. t. [< coaeli, .] If. To put in 
a coach ; convey in a coach. 
Tour lady Bird is coach'd and she hath took 
Sir Gervase with her. 
Shirley, Love In a Maze. iii. 1. 
2f. To run over with a coach. [Bare.] 
