coccus 
spore mother-cell, whose walls persist after the 
maturity of the spores, holding them together. 
Spores . . . remaining united in a ,<*. l'int>>i> >,>! 
(() //. Iii bacteria, isolated spherical or nearly 
spherical cells, especially tlmsc of the genus Coccyzinae (kok-si-xi'ne), >< I' 1 - 
Microciicuiix, as distinguished from the rodlcts L 
or bacilli of other genera. 2. [cap."] The 
typical genus of the family I nn-iiln; in which 
ordinary sexual reproduction takes place. The 
s]n i ii - ate eomnioiily known by the name of the plant 
flu \ all 
BM 
/ 1, 1 ,',; c 
1075 
cut under gkrlrton. 2. In romp. mini, and .:';/., 
the caudal vertebrre. when few and small, or 
ankylosed together; the bony tail itself, when 
short, as in a bird. 
< (<- 
a/ tu + -inn;\ A subfamily of cuckoos, of the 
family Ci-i</til<r, typified by the genus CncryzuN, 
containing several other genera, as 1'inyn and 
.\riintnriiliitx, with numerous species, all con- 
fined to America. Also I'oi-ri/t/itm; 
COCCygeal (kok-sij'e-al), a. [< coccyx 
+ -i--nl.\ Of or pertaining to the coccyx; cau- 
dal: as. a coccijijinl veil, hra, muscle, artery, or 
nerve. Also coccygiatt.-Coccygeal gland, the gland 
of I.aselika. See ,/,/. 
COCCygei, Plural of C<M-C>/I/I UN. 
COCCygerector (kok'si-je-rek'tpr), .; i>\.coccy- 
1/1 1 -i-i-tiii -i.i (-rek-to'rez). [NL., <! coccyx (coccyg-) 
+ erector.] A muscleof the coccyx; the exten- 
sor coccygis, which lifts the caudal vertebrw. 
Coccyges (kok-si'jez), n.pl. [NL.,< Gr. noiucvyct, 
pi. of /,-iiKftrf, a cuckoo. ] 1. In iiniitlt., the name 
of a group variously limited. () In Mcrrem's clas- 
sification (IMIS), a group of /yuoilactyl birds, , ipovd ,,i 
tin- uencra I'in-ii/ii-,; TnOOn, Urn , and ( Vii(ii/'A.,/<i near 
ly equivalent to the eaekoos, trogotis, and seansorial bar- 
liets, collectively, (fc) 111 Snndevall's classification (Is7:i>, 
the third cohort of Xi/innliu'liili. embracing all the yoke- 
toed or zygodactyl birds e\,-ej,tini: the /'/r/aliil /V<V'r/'-/ as 
'iiu-nl two series ol an order Vnlucn 1 *. (r) Selater s name 
(1880) for a group restricted to the two families Ctfun.hf 
and MI^,,I,IHI, !>,l:i; or the cuckoos and tonracous, and 
made a suborder of the order /VranVy. (</) A term loosely 
applied to various cuculiform or coccygomorphic birds, 
espe, -ially such noa passerine insessorial birds as are nei- 
ther cypseliform nor piciform. 
2. [/. o.] Plural of coccyx. 
COCCygeus (kok-sij'e-us), n.; pi. cocpyqei (-i). 
[NL., < coccyx (coccyg-) : see coccyx."] The coc- 
cygeal muscle ; a muscle extending from the tail 
to the pelvis of many animals. In man the coccy- 
gens is a small triangular plane of muscular fillers connect- 
ing the coccyx with the spine of the ischium, continuous 
with the levator ani, or levator muscle of the anus, forming 
a small part of the floor of the pelvis, and supporting and 
drawing forward the coccyx when this has been pushed 
backward in defecation or parturition. 
i ny me name ,,i me piani nneil to America. Also CoCfyiftHte. 
' livrs '"" "" "' "" CoCCyzUSIkok-si'/us). . [MV. ( Vieillot, 1810); 
also in other irreg. forms Coccytfii*, 
Coccy::in.i, <'on-i/_ion, I'HCI-I/I-H/I, i't>rr>/:;ii.--ii. CDI-- 
1-1/11,1, f mvi/.sv/.v. (',1,-i-jii-ns, all based on (!r. m'm- 
xvf, a cuckoo: see cuckoo.'] A genus of Amer- 
ican arboreal cuckoos, of the family Ciiruliiltr 
and subfamily Cort-yzimr. They have a in.~l.rati 1> 
curved beak, wide at the base and compressed beyond it. 
Female Cochineal (Cocctu 
cacti) ; dried specimen of com- 
merce. (Line show* natural 
size.) 
Yellow-billed Cuckoo i Coccyrtts americattus). 
long pointed wings, a long graduated tail of 10 feathers, 
,...... and several other species. These cuckoos are not 
strictly parasitic like the European species, but occasional- 
ly lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. 
och. In mol. and phar., an abbreviation of 
Latin cochleare, a spoon or spoonful. 
. , ^ 
coccygian (kok-sij'i-an), a. [< coccyx (coccyg-) cocheringt. An obsolete form of coshering. 
+ -/.] Same as coceygeal. Cochin (ko chin), . [< Cochin-China.'} A va 
Coccygin&e (kok-si-ji'ne), . pi. [NL., < Coccy- riety of tho domestic heu, of large size, belong- 
i/im + -i/id'.) Same as Coccyzi ~~ 
i Coccysinte. 
COCCygine (kok'si-jin), n. [< Gr. xAiocvf 
a cuckoo. + -ine 1 . ] Pertaining to a cuckoo ; cu- 
culine; coccygomorphic. 
COCCygodynia (kok"si-go-din'i-a), n. [NL., < 
Gr. KiTjc/cvf (itoffjcv}-), coccyx, + o<Uw/, pain.] In 
pathol., pain in the region of the coccyx: a fre- 
quent affection in pregnancy. Also coccyodynia. 
COCCygomorph (kok'si-go-m6rf), n. and H. I. 
ing to the Asiatic class, or a specimen of this 
variety. There are Hack, buff cuckoo, and white cochin*, 
both cock ami hen of each kind being of the uniform color 
denoted by the adjective, except that the buff cock should 
show a richer shade of yellow or orange iu hackle, saddle, 
and wing-bows. The jMrtridi/e cacliiia are either single- 
or pea-combed, the cock being similar in coloring to a 
black-breasted red game-cock, except that the hackle anil 
the saddle-feathers should lie striped with glossy black, 
ami the hen l>e of a rich reddish- or golden-brown color, 
each feather distinctly penciled with dark-brown or black. 
rwwrBVHtvtjMi v*w oi-gy-ii. >n/, c. . M. x, i iisuucuy pencneil wltn ilarK-orown or black. 
a. Pertaining to or resembling the Cocci/aomor- The hackle of the hen Is orange, striped with black, her 
11 W9 t,.il 1.1....1 .....I *K~ ...i...- -...: i__ . .1 i- t j-.ii 
Also coccygomorphic. 
n. One of the Coccugomorpha;. 
Mr\\l fla l~\re\\r ffa, _ ert\ _ m A ' f t\ 
phie. 
CoccygomorphaB 
'si-go-mor'fe), n. pi. 
mognathous picarian birds. The technical charac- 
ters are : a rostrum sometimes movably articulated witli 
the cranium ; no basipterygoid processes, except in Troyo- 
nil/if ; horizontally flattened, more or less spongy maxiilo- 
Oochlearia 
or, and are eolheteil tviee a vat, alter Ihey have been 
f,-, -undated and ha\>- laid ,-^us siiltl. i, nl lor a new brood. 
'I'hey are killed by s|,r, ailing them upon h'-alcd plates, by 
putting them in ovens, or >>> inmn i -iiiL- id, -in in Ixiiling 
water or i-X|islng Iheni to its \-a|ir. Those killed l,i In al 
id I'hites al, i-l a l>la< kisb color, and :n d to lie 
the 111 lest ; they are eal lei I -i '- ,;',''/,, ] 1 t ],.[,! i,-, 
n,-\t in value; they are of an I m r sih.r 
w hit, ) i-o],,r. and ari- i alli-d .-"' - /-.,,/,!. 
killed I, y water or vajHir are of a reddish l.n.wn r,,|- 
or, and an- Hi,- I, .i-t \a]nal,l,-. 'I h, fi -'.and 
impiiiiti'- hi '-hineal are ell< , i .1 as an 
adulterant, under the n.i t grade 
often L:O,-S l,y the nan,,- ,,1 in, ' 
I>oil,d in large quantities from llmiilinas. Besides the 
tlner ^-iadi-s, \\liii h are cultivated it, Merable 
Had, i, raiii.d ,,n in inferior or wild insects; they are 
scarcely more than half the 
size of the cultivated -t., < i- - 
and arc covered with a , ,,t 
tony down whieb adds a nse- 
le-sblllk. liood eo, bineal luu 
the apJH-aranee of small, deep 
brown-red, somewhat pur- 
plUh grains, wrinkled across 
the back with parallel furrows. 
intersected In the middle by a 
longitudinal one. The color 
Ing principle obtained from 
cochineal is carminlc acid. 
(See carmine, 3.) Kcut Indi- 
an cochineal*, so called, are 
smooth glistening black grains, 
of no value ; they are used to adulterate the genuine, 
which arc easily distinguishable from them. 
2. The insect which produces tho dyestuff 
known by the same name. See def. 1 cochi- 
neal fig. See fiy. Cochineal paste. Sec extract. 
Cochintal volte Is obtained by placing 10 Ibs. of Hondu- 
ras cochineal in a vessel, and adding 80 Ibs. of ammonia 
water(17' B.), stirring the mixture well. The vessel should 
be covered with a cloth, and allowed t*> stand for a few 
days. The vessel Is then to be Immersed in liolling water, 
In order to evaporate the superfluous ammonia ; when the 
evaporation is complete the mixture is ready to lie used ffor 
dyeing). W. Crovlte*, Dyeing and Calico-printing, p. 88. 
[ML. 
a snail's shell, 
., .. , ... ., a shell-fish 
with a spiral shell; prob. akin.toivox^j?, L. concha, 
a conch, and ult. to E. cockle' 2 ."] If. A winding 
staircase. E. Phillip*. 2. In ana t., a part of the 
inner ear in most vertebrated animals, its shape 
in man and most other mammals resembles a snail-shell ; 
hence the name. In the petrous bom- a canal winds about 
a central conical pillar of bone, the modiolus, and contains 
a hollow process of tho membranous labyrinth ; the latter 
follows the turns of the canal nearly to the top. To these 
structures taken together the name of cochlea is given. 
The process of the membranous labyrinth is triangular in 
cross-section, with its base applied to the outer wall of the 
canal and the apex attached to a spiral crest of hone, the 
lamina spiral is ossea, projecting from the inner side of the 
canal. It thus separates the Ixmy canal into two portions, 
in addition to its own lumen, the scala vestihuli aliove and 
the scala tympani below. The lumen of the process itself 
is called the canalis cochlearis, its floor is called the hasi- 
lar membrane, and its roof the membrane of Reissner. IU 
cavity is connected with the sacculns by the canalis rc- 
uniens. The essential structures of the cochlea, the rods 
of rorti and the hair-cells, are on the upper side of the 
basilar membrane, and to them is distributed the cochlear 
branch of the auditory nerve. See cut under ear. Aquse- 
ductus cochlea*. See oftusfltutiu. 
[< cochlea + -an."] 
tall black, and the wing-primaries are dark-brown or dull- 
black. All the cochins have heavily feathered legs and 
short tails, and all have the legs yellow, except the black 
. _--,- cochins, which have them black or nearly so. 
[NL. (Huxley, 1867), < Gr. K<k/(Df (KOKKV^-), cochin-china (ko 'chin-chi'na), n. and a. A cochlean (kok'le-an), a. 
cuckoo, + /lofxb//, form.] A superfamily of des- term formerly applied to a large kind of domes- Same as cochleatc. 
tic hen which was importedfromCochin-China. COChlear 1 (kok'le-fir), a. [< NL. cochlearis, < 
From these fowls, which had no constant characteristics cochlea, cochlea. Ct. cochlear 2 .'] In anat., of or 
of color, form, etc., have been bred the varieties called relating to the cochlea in anyway: as, the coch- 
lear nerve, cochlear canal, etc Cochlear '""ai 
See caiutll. Cochlear duct. Same as auditory duet 
(which see, under auditory). 
group is not readily characterized, but corresponds with habitants of Cochin-Cnina, properly the name a'ri-a). [< L. coclilfar. cochleare also coclear 
flip t-oin'i-titir n i.-t 1 rtnlcr f*tj.ftn'j*> viilli, nit tlio ..1-1, -..!.. *. .. i:. : : .. * XI _1J 1-1 3 , _ 
brahina and cochin. 
the conventional order Picariaz without the cypselo- 
morphs and celeomorphs, or swifts, goatsuckers, and wood- 
peckers, and contains all the non-passerine insessorial and 
scansorial birds known as colies, touracous, cuckoos, bar- 
bets, toucans, jacamars, kingfishers, todies, hornhtlls, hoo- 
poes, liee-eaters, niotmots, rollers, and trogons. 
coccygomorphic (koksi-go-m6r'fik), a. [< coc- 
cygomorph + -ic.) Same as coccygomorph . 
Coccygns (kok-si'gus), n. [NL., irreg. < Gr. 
K6KKv$ (toman-), a cuckoo.] A genus of cuckoos, 
typical of the subfamily Coccygina;: synony- 
mous with Coccyzus. Cabanis, 1848. 
coccyodynia (kok'si-o-din'i-a), n. [NL., irreg. < 
coccyx T Gr. odivt/, pain.] Saxaeascoccygoili/iiin. 
Coccystes(kok-sis*tez), n. [NL. (Gloger, 1832), 
< Gr. as if "KO/OCWOTV/C, < KOiacr&iv, cry as a cuckoo : 
see cuckoo."] A genus of old-world cuckoos, 
of a division of the old kingdom or empire of 
Annam in Further India, but taken as the gen- 
eral name of the region now divided between 
the possessions of France and its protectorate 
Annam. 2. The language of the people of 
Cochin-China ; Annamese. 
cochineal (koch'i-nel orkoch-i-nel'), n. [Early 
mod. E. also cutchaneal;=D. konzenilje = G. Dan. 
cochenille = S w. kochenill = F. cochen tile = It. coc- 
ciniglia = Pg. coccinella, < Sp. cochinilla, cochi- 
neal, < L. coccineus, coccinus, scarlet, < coccum, 
< Gr. Ko/of , a berry, esp. the kermes insect (sup- 
cocleare, cvcleariiim, and cocleartim, a spoon (so 
called from its shape), < cochlea, coclca, a snail's 
shell : see cochlea."] 1. A spoon ; in the orthodox 
Greek and other Oriental churches, the eucha- 
ristic spoon in which the consecrated elements 
are administered together to communicants. 
Also called labis. See intinction, spoon, colato- 
rium, and labis. 2. An ancient Roman and 
Greek medicinal measure, equal to a spoonful. 
According to various ancient statements, it ranged in 
amount from a tahlcspoonful nearly to a teaspoonfuL But 
the statements which give the smaller sizes use the word 
under the diminutive form cochlearium. According to the 
j, , \ n >, * f utiui.1 im: uimiiiuii vc luim riicnifaniiin. According to tile 
posed to be a berry) : see coccus. The Sp. cocht- statements of the modem lexicons, It would be no larger 
nilla, cochineal, is bysome referred tocochinilla, "'an a salt-spoon. 
a wood-louse (to which the cochineal-insect nas cochlear 2 (kok'le-8,r), a. 
some resemblance), dim. of cochina, a sow, fern. 
[< NL. cochlearis, 
- ,, . ,-f ^,., . , BUUIU i-eocuiuiuuutji, uiiii. ui cwt/i(/i. n HOW, lein. 
of the _ family Cueuhdte, commonly referred to of cocMno a pig . ' cf . E . diaL so ^. bua wood . 
T hn ttii I iT mm 1 v I /'U rvn/i/( ti/t> *n cr\imtA>l uttitlmnei i i * *** * 
the subfamily Centropodina: or spurred cuckoos, 
containing a number of crested species related 
to the great spotted cuckoo of Africa and 
Europe, Coccystes glandarius. 
coccyx (kok'siks), n. ; pi. coccyges (kok-si'jez). 
[NL., < Gr. Kotow!-, the coccyx (also a cuckoo) : 
see cuckoo.'] 1. In human anat., the part of the 
spinal column consisting of the last four bones, 
the caudal vertebra or tail-bones, which are 
stunted and usually ankylosed together. See 
louse.] 1. A dyestuff consisting of the dried 
bodies of a species of insects, the Coccus cacti, 
found upon several species of Opuntia and other 
coclearis, < L. cochfear, coclear, a spoon : see coch- 
lear^, n.] Spoon-shaped : specifically, in bot., 
applied to a form of imbricative estivation in 
wnich one piece is exterior, larger than the 
others, and bowl-shaped, as in the aconite. 
<'<n-t<i<-ece, especially O. Tuna, O. Ficws-Indica, cochleare (kok-le-a're),n.; pi. cochlearia (-ri-&). 
and Nopalea cochinillifera. It colors a brilliant [L., also cochlear: see cochlear 2 , n."] In 
by 
In prescriptions abbre- 
It colors 
crimson, which is changed by acids to an orange-red and a spoon ; a spoonful. 
by alkalis to violet ; a brilliant scarlet dye is prepared from viated f och 
it The cacti upon which the insect lives, bearing the corri lea.rfiB Plum] of rnrllrnna 
general name of nopal, are extensively cultivated as food COCniea 68, w. I'll cocliieans. 
for them in the tropical countries of America, and in Java, vOCnlearia 1 (kok-le-a n-ft), w. [NL., pi. of coch- 
Algeria, etc. The females only are valuable for their col- learis : see cochlear^, n.] A genus of cruciferous 
