Cochlearia 
herbs, including 2o species, found in northern 
temperate and arctic regions, mostly near the 
sea-coast. C. officinal/*, the scurvy-grass, is a celebrat- 
ed antiscorbutic, and is often eaten as a salad. The root 
of C. Ai'iiwracia, the horse-radish, is used as a condiment. 
In common with other species of Cochlearia, the horse- 
radish was formerly in high repute as an antiscorbutic. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 207. 
Cochlearia 2 , n. Plural of coehlear% and cochleare. 
cochleariform (kok-le-ar'i-f6rm), a. [< L. 
*eoclilearis, adj. (used 'only as neut. noun cocii- 
lear, cochleare, a spoon; cf. NL. cochlearis: 
see cochlear 1 , cochlear^, a.) (< cochlea, a snail's 
shell), + forma, shape.] Haying the form of a 
snail's shell ; hclicine ; helicoid Cochleariform 
process, the thin plate of bone which separates the ten- 
sor tympani, or tensor muscle of the tympanum, from the 
Kustachian tube. 
Cochleariidse (kok"lo-a-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cochlcariiis + idee.'] "Boat-billed herons, re- 
garded as a family : synonymous with Cancro- 
midce. 
Cochlearius (kok-le-a'ri-us), n. [NL. (Brisson, 
1760), < L. cochlear', a spoon : see cochlear 2 , .] 
A genus of boat-billed herons, typical of the 
family Cochleariidce. See Cancroma, and cut 
under boatbill. 
cochleary (kok'le-a-ri), a. [< cochlea + -Ofyl.] 
1. Pertaining to winding stairs. Coles. 2. 
Same as cochleate. 
Wreathy spires and cochleary turnings. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Krr., iii. 23. 
cochleate, cocbleated (kok'lf-at, -a-ted), a. 
[< L. cochleatus, coeleatus, spiral, < cochlea, coc- 
lea, a snail's shell: see cochlea.'] Having the 
form of a snail's shell; cochleariform; spiral: 
used especially in entom. and bot., and applied 
in the latter case to leaves, pods, seeds, etc. 
Also cochlean, cochleary. 
cochleoid (kok'le-oid), n. [< L. cochlea, a snail's 
shell, + -oid.] A curve defined by the equa- 
tion (a 2 + 2/ 2 ) arctan. j = irry, 
cochleous (kok'le-us), a. [< L. cochlea, a snail's 
shell, + -CMS.] Of a spiral form ; cochleate. 
Cochlides (kok'li-dez), n.pl. [NL.,< Gr. mxMc, 
pi. /co;t;/Ucfef, a small snail, dim. of K<5;r/lor, a shell- 
fish, a snail: see cochlea.'] 1. A name of the 
Gastropoda (which see). 2. In E. It. Lankes- 
ter's classification, the unsymmetrical gastro- 
pods : equivalent to Gastropoda of other authors 
without Amphomaia. [Little used.] 
cochliodontid (kok"li-o-don'tid), n. A shark of 
the family Cochliodontulce. 
Cochliodontidae (kok"li-o-don'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cochliodus (-odont-) + -ida;.] An extinct 
family of sharks, typified by the genus Cochlio- 
dus. They lived in the Paleozoic seas, and were related 
to the Heterodontulce, but had subspirally ridged and fur- 
rowed lateral teeth. 
cochliodontoid (kok"li-6-don'toid), a. and n. 
[< Cochliodus (-odont-) 4- -oid.] I. a. Resem- 
bling or having the characters of the Cochlio- 
dontidce. 
II. . A cochliodontid. 
Cochliodus (kok-li'o-dus), re. [NL. (Agassiz), 
< Gr. K6xAof, shell-fish, + or!ot>f, tooth.] An ex- 
tinct genus of sharks which had lateral teeth 
subspirally ridged and grooved like a univalve 
shell, typical of the family CochHodoiitidat. 
Cochlospermum (kok-lo-sper'mum), n. [NL., 
< Gr. KO^AOC, a shell-fish, a snail, -t- a-nippa, seed.] 
A genus of trees or shrubs, of the natural or- 
der ISixacew, found in the tropics of both hemi- 
spheres. They have palmately lobed leaves, large yellow 
flowers, and pear-shaped fruits, with numerous coiled 
seeds covered with a silky down. C. Gossypium of the 
East Indies, growing to a height of 60 feet, yields the 
kuteera gum, used as a substitute for tragacauth. 
COCinate (ko'si-nat), n. [< cocin(ic) + -ate 1 ."] 
A salt obtained from cocinic acid. 
cocinic (ko-sin'ik), a. [< "cocin (< cocoa 1 ) + 
-ic.] Of or pertaining to or derived from cocoa 
or cocoanut Cocinic acid, C 13 H 26 Oo, an acid found 
iu the butter of the cocoanut, combined with glycerin. It 
is a volatile acid forming snow-white crystalline scales. 
Also called cocostearic acid. 
cocinin (ko'si-nin), n. [As cocin-ic + -in 2 .] 
A fatty substance which is the chief constitu- 
ent of cocoanut-oil. By saponification it yields 
glycerin and cocinie acid. 
CO-citizen (ko-sit'i-zn), . [< co-l + citizen.'] 
A fellow-citizen; especially, a citizen of the 
same city or borough. 
In 1414, the indenture shows that the lord mayor and 
thirteen co-citizens, having full power from the whole 
community, chose two citizens. Stubbs, Const. Hist. , 422. 
COCk 1 (kok), n. [Early mod. E. also cocke, < 
ME. cock, cofc, coc, < AS. coc, cocc = MD. kocke 
= Icel. kokkr = Dan. kok, a cock; cf. OF. coc, 
1076 
F. coq = Bret, kok = ML. coccus = Wall, coeos 
= Albanian cocos, a cock, Gr. KOKKopoaf opvif, a 
poet, name of the cock, lit. the ' ' ' cock "-crying 
bird' (as Chaucer says of the cock: "No thing 
ne liste him thanne for to crow, But cryde anon 
cok! cok! and up he sterte," Nun's Priest's 
Tale, 1. 455) ; cf. Gr. KiKtppof, idiauif, a cock, KIKKO, 
a hen, Skt. kukkuta, a cock, Malay kukuk, the 
crowing of a cock, L. coco, an imitation of the 
clucking of the hen ; all directly or ult. imita- 
tive of the crowing or the chucking of the 
domestic cock; for other similar imitative 
words, see chuck 1 , clock 1 = cluck, cuckoo, 
cackle, etc., gaggle, croak, chough, etc., gowk, a 
cuckoo, etc., all containing (orig.) a repeated 
guttural consonant c, k, g, h. The older Teut. 
name of the cock, which appears in Goth, liana 
= OHG. hano, MHG. han, G. hahn = AS. liana, 
a cock, and in fern, form in AS. henn, E. hen, 
had also orig. ref. to the crowing of the cock, 
being lit. 'the singer': see hen. The name 
cocfc has been applied, from a real or a fan- 
cied resemblance, to various mechanical con- 
trivances, and to other things having no ob- 
vious relation to the name of the bird ; and it 
also enters, actually or allusively (often in con- 
nection with coefc 2 ), into various popular ad- 
jectives and phrases, as cockish, cocky, cocket 3 , 
cock-a-hoop, cockapert, etc. See these words, and 
cocfc 2 .] 1. The male of the domestic fowl; spe- 
cifically, a male chicken one year old or older, 
one less than a year old being properly called a 
cockerel. The cock is celebrated for his lordly demeanor, 
his pugnacity, and his crowing before dawn or in token of 
victory. 
Coc is kene [bold] on his owune mixenne. 
Ancren Riwle, p. 140. 
The kok that orloge is of thorpis lyte. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 350. 
Wittoll. Ay, Bully, a Devilish smart Fellow : 'a will fight 
like a Cock. 
Blufe. Say you so ? then I honour him. But has he been 
abroad ? for every Cock will fight upon his own Dunghil. 
Congreve, Old Batchelor, ii. 2. 
2. The male of any other bird, particularly of 
the gallinaceous kind : in this use especially in 
composition, as in peacock, turkey-cock, cock- 
robin, cock-sparrow, etc. 3. A bird, particular- 
ly a gallinaceous bird, without reference to sex : 
usually in composition or with a distinctive 
epithet or qualifying phrase, as in blackcock, 
logcock, woodcock, and the phrasal names be- 
low. 4f. Cock-crowing; the time when cocks 
crow in the morning. 
At the fryst cokke roose he. 
Ipomedon (Weber's Jletr. Rom., II.), 1. 783. 
We were carousing till the second cock. 
Shak., Macbeth, ii. 3. 
5. A leader; a chief person; a ruling spirit: 
as, cock of the school. [Eng.] 
Up ros oure hoste, and was cure aller [ = of us all] cok. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 823. 
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club. Addison. 
6. A fellow; chap: a familiar term of address 
or appellation, usually preceded by old, and 
used much in the same way as fellow, chap, boy, 
etc. 
He has drawn blood of him yet ; well done, old cock .' 
Masifinffer, Unnatural Combat, ii. 1. 
He was an honest old cock, and loved his pipe and a 
tankard of cyder as well as the best of us. 
Graves, Spiritual Quixote, viii. 24. 
7. A vane in the shape of a cock; a weather- 
cock. 
You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout 
Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown 'd the cocks / 
Shak., Lear, iii. 2. 
8. A faucet or turn-valve, contrived for the 
purpose of permitting or arresting the flow of 
fluids or air through a pipe, usually taking its 
special name from its peculiar use or construc- 
tion: as, air-cocfc, feed-cocfc, gage-cocfc, etc. 
Sighing one to another, and gasping, as if each of them 
expected a cock from the fountain to be brought into his 
mouth. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Kevels, ii. 1. 
9. [Cf. Turk, khoros, the cock of a gun, lit. a 
cock (fowl).] The portion of the lock of a fire- 
arm which by its fall, when released through 
the action of the trigger, produces the dis- 
charge ; in a flint-lock, the part that holds the 
flint ; in a percussion-lock, the hammer. 10. 
In a firearm, the position into which the ham- 
mer is brought by being pulled back to the first 
or second catch. See at full cock, at half cock, 
below. 1 1 . The style or gnomon of a dial. 
12. The needle of a balance. Johnson. IS. 
The piece which forms the bearing of the bal- 
ance in a clock or watch. 14. Same as cockee. 
[Scotch.] 15. A fictitious narrative, in verse 
cock 
or prose, sold in the streets as a true account ; 
a cock-and-bull story; a canard. 
News of the apocryphal nature known as cocks. 
G. A. Sola. 
At full cock, in firearms, having the hammer pulled 
clear back, and held by the scear ill the firing-notch of the 
tumbler. At half COCk, having the hammer pulled half, 
way back, and held fast by the scear in the safety-notch 
of the tumbler. Blow-off cock, blow-through cock. 
See blow-o/, blow-thrvtigli. Cock Of the garnet, a game- 
cock. 
" Cocks of the game are yet," that is, at the close of the six- 
teenth century, "cherished by divers men for their plea- 
sures, much money being laid on their heads when they 
fight in pits, whereof some are costly made for that pur- 
pose." Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 376. 
Cock Of the plains, the sage-cock, Centrocercus vropha- 
.vm/m.v, the largest kind of grouse in America. See cut 
under Centrocercus. Cock Of the rock, Rupicota auran- 
tin, a beautiful bird, with orange plumage, which inhabits 
Guiana, and forms the type of the genus Itupicola. Cock 
Of the Walk, COCk Of the loft, one who has become the 
chief or head of a set or party by overcoming all oppo- 
nents: commonly applied to an arbitrary, overbearing, 
and domineering fellow. 
Who seem'd by his talk, 
And the airs he assumed, to be Cock of the walk. 
Barhain, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 198. 
Cock of the woods, mountain cock, the capercaillie. 
-That COCk won't fight, that plan will not do; that 
story will not go down. [Colloq.] 
I tried to see the arms on the carriage, but there were 
none; so that cock wouldn't fu.tht. 
Kinffsley, Alton Locke, xxiv. 
To go Off at half cock, to go off when the hammer is at 
half cock and therefore supposed to be perfectly secure : 
said of a gun ; hence, to act or start unexpectedly ; act 
before one is ready ; act on imperfect information. To 
set the cock on hoop or on the hoop or a-hoop, liter- 
ally, to set the cock or spigot on the hoop of the barrel, 
that is, to take it out and let the liquor flow freely ; hence, 
to give a loose rein to convivial enjoyment. See cock-a- 
hoop and quotations there. The association with cock the 
fowl is apparently merely allusive. 
I have good cause to set the cocke on the hope, and make 
gaudye chere. Palsgrave (1530). 
He maketh havok and seltelh the cock on hoope; 
He is so lavies the stooke beginueth to droope. 
II ey wood. 
However, it is to be noted that the effigy of a cock (the 
fowl) stuck above a hoop was a common tavern sign in the 
olden time. The Cock on the Hoop is mentioned in a 
Clause Roll, 30 Henry VI., and still existed as a sign in 
Holborn in 1795. 
Larwood and Hotten, Hist, of Signboards, p. 504. 
COCk 1 (kok), v. [< cock 1 , n.] I. trans. To raise 
or draw back the cock or hammer of (a gun 
or pistol), as a preliminary to firing: as, he 
cocked his rifle. 
He runs almost upon the bear, levels his weapon, with 
hands shaking with excitement, full upon it, cocks one 
barrel, and pulls desperately away at the trigger of the 
other. W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 205. 
II.. intrans. To set cocks to fighting, or to 
train them for fighting. [Rare.] 
cock 2 (kok), v. [Popularly associated with 
cocfc 1 , as if meaning ' strut as a cock' or ' set up 
like a cock's tail ' ; but perhaps of Celtic origin : 
cf. Gael, coc, cock, coc-shron, a cocked nose, 
coc-shronach, cock-nosed, and see cockeye. See 
cocfc 1 , n., etym., at end, and cocky, cockish, 
cocket 3 , etc.] I. trans. To turn up or to one 
side in a jaunty or significant way ; give a pert, 
knowing, or inquiring turn to : as, to cocfc the 
head ; to cocfc the eye at a person ; to cocfc the 
brim of a hat ; the horse cocked up his ears. 
I prun'd my Feathers, cock'd my Tail, 
And set my Heart again to Sale. 
Prior, The Turtle and Sparrow. 
I saw an alert young fellow that cocked his hat tipon a 
friend of his who entered just at the same time as myself. 
Addison, Coffee House Politicians. 
Our Lightfoot barks and cocks his ears. 
Gay, Shepherd's Week, Thursday, 1. 131. 
"And she came to see thee?" said Kester, cocking his 
eye at Sylvia with the old shrewd look. 
Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xliii. 
Cocked hat, a turned-up hat, such as naval and military 
officers wear on full-dress occasions. Such hats were in 
general use in the last century. 
The priest came panting to the shore, 
His grave cocked hat was gone. 
Whittm; The Exiles. 
To knock into a cocked hat, to knock over or to pieces; 
demolish, literally or figuratively : as, he received a blow 
that knocked him into a cocked hat ; this sarcasm knocked 
the speaker's argument into a cocked hat. [Slang.] 
Il.t intrans. To hold up the head ; look big, 
pert, or domineering. 
Every one cocks and struts upon it. Addition, Guardian. 
cock 2 (kok), n. [< cocfc 2 , .] 1. The act of 
turning up or to one side in a jaunty or signifi- 
cant way, as the head or a hat; the position 
of anything thus placed. 2. A particular 
shape given to a hat, especially by turning up 
and fastening the brim. 
You see many a smart rhetorician turning his hat in his 
hands, moulding it into several different cocks. Addison. 
