code 
one of several systematic, or classified collec- 
tions of tho statutory purl of that l;i\v, matlo 
by various later emperors, as the Codex Her- 
mogcniiuius, Codex 'riicodosiiinus, etc.; espe- 
cially, a classified collection made liy Justinian 
(see below). 2. In /</<< '"./< i.</i nidi <<: (a) 
A systematic and complete Imdy of statute law 
intended to supersede all other law within its 
Ill Ulls M ll^i ;l co.le i* lint il tlHTf 
mentof the cxislin;; law, hut il demands tlic substitution 
of new prou-ions fur those of tin; existing law which 
appear illogical or erroneous. (fc) A. body of law 
whidi is intended to be merely a restatement 
of the principles of t lie existing la will a system- 
atic form. Hence 3. A digest or compen- 
dium ; an orderly arrangement or system ; a 
body of rules or tacts for the regulation or ex- 
plication of any suliject : as, the military code ; 
the code of honor (see below). 
"None of tli.- Christian viitiics, ' says M. Chains, "Is 
forgotten in tin: KKi'l'tiun <*/*." 
I , il,, of the World, p. 147. 
And tlmndcr'd up int.* II. -HVI-II tin- i liristless code, 
That must hnve life fur a bluw. 
Tennyson, Maud, xxlii. 1. 
8. Alban's Is especially rich in tho collected materials 
that lie at the foundation "f her great <'/< of chronicles. 
StuM'.', Mcilir\;il and Modern Illat., p. 148. 
Specifically 4. A system of signals with the 
rules which govern their use Alfred's code, a 
selection, hy authority "f Alfred tin- limit, about A. D. SB7, 
from eilatlng laws, often n ^;u .1. .1 a^ th.- foundation of the 
common law .if Knglanil. Amalfltan code. Si < Amal- 
fttaa. -Barbarian codes, the three ooitoetkBM of laws 
made hy the Hotliic tribes on Roman ti-rritory, known as 
the Breviary of Alarir, tin; 7'n/uViH <(c (which see, below) 
or Jaw ofthf 'i:nr : :nti'li<iat, and the Kdicl qf Theodoric. 
Black code, (a) Tlie system of law regulating the treat- 
ment of the colored race which prevailed in the southern 
United States Iwfore the emancipation of the slaves. (6) 
See code noir, below. Burgundian code. See Papian 
code, below. -Code Napoleon, the civil code of France, 
the flrat and most important of the five codes of law pre- 
parrd nniler the direction of Napoleon I. (1803-10). A 
sixth code of forest laws was added In 1827. These codes 
still form the substance of the law of France and Belgium, 
as well as of several German provinces along the Rhine. 
Their Influence on all modern legislation shows them to he 
of less importance only than the Justinian code. Code 
noir, or Mack code, an edict of Louis XIV. of France In 
1685, regulating the West Indian colonies and the condi- 
tion unit triMtrm-nt of negro slaves and freed negroes. 
Code of Frederick the Great, a codification of the laws 
of Prussia made by Frederick tho Great in 1751. Code 
of honor, tle social customs and rules of procedure which 
support and regulate the practice of dueling. Code of 
1650, a compilation of the early laws of New Haven Col- 
ony. Also called Liuttnir'ti code, from Governor Roger Lud- 
low, who was cliictlyresponsible for Its form and substance. 
Code pleading, a simple system of pleading, by alleg- 
ing the facts without Actions or technical forms, which 
was introduced in American practice by the adoption of 
codes of procedure as a substitute for common law and 
chancery practice. Eaton code, a collection of laws 
made by Governor Eaton hy authority of the General Court 
of New Haven Colony, and adopted by it It was first pub- 
lished In London in 10f>o, and is largely composed of ex- 
tracts from the laws of Massachusetts. Field codes, a 
series of codes intended tn embody all the general laws of 
the State of Xew York (prepared by a commission of which 
David Dudley Field was the chief member), some of which 
were in substance adopted in that State, and all of which 
have been adopted in a number of other States. Chief 
among the reforms of the law introduced by these codes 
was the substitution of a single procedure in place of the 
technical forms and distinctions of common-law actions 
and equity suits, and the admission of parties and inter- 
ested persons to testify as witnesses. Gregorian code, 
a collection of Roman laws covering a period between A. D. 
196 and 295, of which only fragments have been preserved. 
It was compiled by Gregorianus, a Roman jurist who lived 
probably about A. i>. 300. Hennogenian code, a code of 
Roman laws supposed to be from A. D. 287 to 304 : so call- 
ed from Ilermogeuianus, a jurist whose name frequently 
appears in the Digest. Fragments only have been pre- 
served. Some have supposed that the Gregorian and 
Hermogenian were but one code. Justinian code, the 
body of Roman law compiled and annotated at the com- 
mand of the Emperor Justinian, who reigned A. I>. &'27-565. 
This consists of the Pandectt, or the condensed opinions 
of the jurists, in fifty Iwoka, the Institution**, and the .Y.>- 
i* lite or Novelltr. CoiuttitiUione*, a collection of ordinances, 
the whole forming the Corpu Juru Civilii, or body of 
civil law, the most important of all monuments of Juris- 
prudence. LudlOW'a code. See code 0/1660, above. 
Papian code, a collection of Konmu laws for the govern- 
ment of the Roman subjects of the Burgundians, com- 
piled between the years A. D. 617 and 523. The German 
subjects of the Burgundians were governed by the Lex 
Oondohada. S. Amos. The code, the code of honor 
(which see, above). Theodoslan code, a collection of 
Roman laws from the time of Constantlne to that of Theo- 
dosius II., first published A. I). 438, and comprised in six- 
teen liooks. 
codeine (ko-de'in), n. [< Or. ttudtia, the head, 
poppy-head (see rodia), 4- -t 2 .] A white crys- 
talline alkaloid (C 18 H 21 NOs+H 2 O) contained 
in opium to the extent of 0.1 to 0.8 per cent. 
It is used as a hypnotic and to quiet coughs and 
pain. Also written codein, codeina, and codeia. 
codetta (kd-det'tii), . [It., dim. of coda: see 
i-iiiln.] Blimuio, a short coda. 
codex (kd'ileks), . ; pi. codices (-di-sez). [= 
1). O. nxli'f. = Dan. kodtjc = F. codex (in sense 
1083 
3) = Sp. coilicf = IV. mdice, codex, = It. codico, 
now nuliri; < I,, roilrf : see rode.] 1. A ..... le. 
2. A matm.script volume, complete or frag- 
mentary, UK of a classic work or of the sncn-.l 
Scriptures. '|||,. inosl falnonseilieesof thelireek Ilihli- 
ill . 111.- follou ill- n 
of tile fiiuiili i i nun i inini'l In I ! ln-iidurf in 1844 and 
I the convent Li -I ' .Itllanneoll Ml. Sinai, l.ll. I lli> 
in St. Ivivndnirg (part In Ui|*ir); the I'" 
I the fourth century, in tin Vatican library ai 
I. nnlaiii' .1 in its first cat 
..r .1' 'III rriitur). given to Hi, 
p:illian hat.' of \le\aiclri.l In I" .I'-'l lev lull 
I. mar, of that see and afterward of ConftanUJiopli t.> 
rhaile^ I ot I'.ii-lan'l in |i;:>, an. I now in tin- IJritMi Mu 
sentn ; the I ' .'''":' 
iurnis, of the liflh or i\th i-i-iifinj, ivrovi red from a pa- 
limps. 'Hi of Isidore ..I Scull,- , the c. 
or rlciin.'ht manii-ei ipt of St. 1'aul's epi>tlcs, nu\\ in 
1'aris, a palimpsest of OH siUli i-i-ntury. written over Hi. 
I'haethon of Cm ipi.les, it.. The most imitortant matin 
script of the Vulgate is the CWi'jr Amiatintm. Tin- ' "i<\ 
of the liothle liiblc known as the Cod 
manuscript) from its silver letters (initials am) ilhine 
names ill gold), formerly at Werdeti in vv estphalia, now at 
t'psala ill Sweden, Is noted both for this peculiarity and 
! imiMjrtant of the few extant remain* 
of the Gothic language. Among secular liookn, one of the 
most eelel.tati .1 is the ('</, r .1 mltro/namix of the Iliad, 
containing '-- pictmi L of all e-i-'ini: manuscript Illus- 
trations retaining most of the character of good antique 
art. 
Till the 8th century, when it fell altogether Into disuse, 
the IMiaiiL-elo continued to be employed for uncial man- 
uscripts and ornate codicei. 
Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 287. 
3. A collection of approved medical formulas, 
with tho processes necessary for forming the 
compounds referred to in it: as, the French 
codfish (kod'fish), n. [< co<P + fish*.] 1. A 
cod; a fish of the genus Gadus. 2. The flesh 
of the cod as an article of food : as, a dish of 
codfish Codfish aristocracy, a derogatory dealg-.a- 
tlon in the United States of persons who make a vulgar 
display of rapidly or recently acquired wealth (as if It 
were the result of dealing in codfish ). 
codfish-ball, codfish-cake (kod'fish-bal, -kak), 
. See fish-cake, 
cod-fisher (kod'fish 'er), n. 1. A person em- 
ployed in fishing for cod. 2. A vessel used in 
this business. 
cod-fishery (kod'fish'er-i), n. 1. The business 
or operation of fishing for cod. 2. A place 
where fishing for cod is carried on. 
codger (koj'er), n. [Prob. a var. of cadger*, q. v. 
For change of vowel, cf. badger? for badger 3 , 
coddle^ with dial, caddie.] 1. A mean, miser- 
ly man. 2. An old fellow; an odd person; 
a character: usually with old: as, a rum old 
codger. [Slang.] 
He's a rum codger, you must know ; 
At least we poor folk think him so. 
W. Cmnbt, Dr. Syntax, 111. 1. 
A few of us old codgers meet at the fireside. 
/.'//CT.V.I/;, Harper's Mag., LX V. 584. 
3. A fellow; a chap: a familiar term of ad- 
dress, used in a slighting way. [Slang.] 
That's what they'll do with you, my little codger. 
D. Jerrold. 
I haven't been drinking your health, my codner. 
Dickent, Nicholas Mckleby, Ix. 
cod-glove (kod'gluv), n. A thick glove without 
fingers, worn in trimming hedges. [Prov. Eng.] 
codiat, " [NL-. < Gr- "&, also nuiia, and 
Kuiif, the head ; of plants, the head, esp. of the 
poppy.] In hot., the top or head of any plant, 
but especially of the poppy. Bailey, 1733. 
Codiaeum (ko-di-e'um), n. [NL.] A shrubby 
genus of euphprbiaceous plants, containing 4 
species, found in the Pacific islands, Australia, 
and the Malay archipelago, c. varityaiwnotjnctum 
is often cultivated in greenhouses for its beautifully varie- 
gated foliage, generally under the generic name of Croton. 
In Brazil it has been a political emblem, the green and 
yellow of the leaves and stalks of some varietiesbeing the 
national colors. 
codical (kod'i-kal), a. [< L. codex (codic-), a 
code, etc., + -at.] Relating to a codex or to a 
code ; of the nature of a code or codex. 
codices, n. Plural of codex. 
codicil (kod'i-sil), n. [= D. Dan. kodicil = G. 
codicill = F. codiciUe = Sp. codinlo = Pg. codi- 
cillo s= It. codicillo, < L. codicil/us, pi. codicilli, a 
writing, letter, later in sing, a cabinet order, 
supplement to a will, dim. of codex (codic-), a 
writing, etc. : see codex, code.] A writing by 
way of supplement to a will, and intended to 
be considered as a part of it, containing any- 
thing which the testator wishes to add, or a 
revocation or explanation of something con- 
tained in the will. 
codicillary (kod-i-sil'a-ri), a. [< LL. codicilla- 
ris, -arius, < L. codicitlus: see codicil.] Of the 
nature of a codicil. 
codling 
Codification (kod i-fi-ka'shon), . [= F. codiji- 
ciitinn ; as i-mlij'i/ + -ntum.} Tho act or process 
of reducing tu u code or BJ .ceiully, in 
inir, tin- reducing of unwritten or case law to 
statutory form. 
of experience, and it U 
tielpk-v. without the data ulii, It experience furnishes. 
J. Fitke, N. A. Rev., r\ 
li.ith thine who affirm ami t!i.. ]>., deny the expe- 
liiene) ..f ...hU ;n_ 111' l.nulisll law . VIM My hp. .k ' 
tm 111 two .illJen lit HCIIHCS. In the tl!>l pla. . 
employ the word u synonymous with i ,f 
I nwritten into Written Law. 
plainlj iiM .1 in a 1 1. .1 1 1. t -- nv. llowinu from the association 
..! the word with the isn-ai c\|K-rinnnt of .Instiiilan, . . . 
U> give orderly arrangement io Has writii-n 
li\erit from n!.-enrit}, uncertainty, ami in 
to ek-ar it of irrclevaneies and unnt'eesisar> : 
i.. i .i'i . it hulk, t.i p. .|.ulai i/e its study, ai. 
Iteapplirati..!! \l'"iue. Village rommunlUes, p. $n. 
codifier (kud'i-fi-er), H. One who codifies or re- 
duces to a code or digest. 
i Hit legendary account represent* William, notai 
an innovator, but as the codifier of the laws of L.luanl 
K. ,1. /<. MM, Hist. Norman I'onqlletl, V. 267. 
codify (kod'i-fi). v. t. ; pret. and pp. codified, pnr. 
i-intij'i/iiii/. [= !'. i-iiilifier; as code + -fy. The 
words codify and codification were first used by 
Jeremy Bentham.] I. To reduce to a code or 
digest, as laws. 
These laws were no doubt in general agreement with 
the Canon Law : and at length the later of them were codi- 
lied In close imitation of the Decretals. 
/(. W. Dixon, Hist. Churelbof Eng., xii. 
The scholastic philosophy was an attempt to codify all 
existing knowledge under laws or formula analogous to 
the general principles of justice. 
Stubbi, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 211. 
2. To arrange or systematize in general: make 
an orderly collection or compendium of; epit- 
omize. 
So far from setting special value on the spontaneous (in- 
artificial morsels, which are to us the lionnes touches of 
letter-writing, these men (medieval collectors] actually 
cut them out of their codified letters. 
Stubbi, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 127. 
cedilla (ko-dil'jl), n. [Prob. dim. (cf. LL. codi- 
cula)ot L.coda 'for cauda, tail. See coda.] The 
coarsest part of hemp or flax which is sorted out 
by itself. 
COdille (ko-dil'), . [P. codille, < Sp. codillo, 
codille (at ombre), prop, knee (of quadrupeds), 
angle, dim. of codo, elbow, cubit, < L. cubittm, 
elbow, cubit: see cubit.] A term at ombre 
when the player gets fewer tricks than one of 
his opponents. He then loses double. 
She sees, and trembles at th' approaching ill, 
J ust In the jaws of ruin, and Codilte. 
Pope, R. of the L., I1L 92. 
codiniact, n. [Formerlyalsocodiwiait, codiniacke, 
< OF. codignac, also codignat, cotignat, = It. 
codognato, cotognato, < ML. "codiniatum, codon- 
hatum, cotorteatum, prop, cydoniattim, < L. cy- 
donia, cotonia, ML. also cidonia, etc., quince: 
see coin 2 , quince, and cf. quiddany.] Quince 
marmalade; quiddany. Minsheu; Bailey. 
codist (ko'dist), n. [< code + -*.] Acodifler; 
one who favors the making or use of legal codes. 
[Rare.] 
COdivision (ko-di-vizh'on), n. [< co- 1 + rfiri- 
sion.] Division or classification according to 
two different modes or principles: as, the eodi- 
vision of triangles, first according to their an- 
gles, and second according to their sides. 
COdle 1 , COdle 2 . See coddle*, cortdleH. 
codlint (kod'lin), n. A frequent form of cod- 
ling 1 , 2. 
cod-line (kod'lin), n. A small hemp or cotton 
line used in fishing for cod. 
codling 1 (kod 'ling), n. [< cod 1 , in various 
senses, + dim. -ling 1 .] If. pi. Green peas. 
If I be not deceived, I ha' seen Summer go up and down 
with hot codlings, and that little baggage, her daughter 
Plenty, crying six bunches of radish for a penny. 
Deleter and Ford, Sun's Darling, iii. :i. 
In the pease-field? has she a mind to codling* already? 
Ford and Dekker, Witch of Edmonton, II. 1. 
[The first extract alludes to the custom of carrying peas 
spitted on straws for sale, with the familiar street-cry of 
"Hot codlingi!" Dyce.] 
2t. [Often also codlin ; early mod. E. also rod- 
lyng. quodling,quadlin; apparX cod* + -ling* (as 
above), with ref. to the involucre (cf. cod*, r., 
II.). Usually referred to coddle*, boil or stew 
(as an apple fit to be eaten only when stewed) ; 
but the required precedent form coddling-apjtle 
is not found, and the resemblance seems to be 
accidental: see coddle*. AS. cod-ay>pel, a quince- 
pear, a quince, though formally as if (in E.) < 
cod* + apple, is prob. adapted from ML. *co- 
donia, cotonia, for cidonia, cydonia, a quince: 
see codiniac, coin?, quince.] An unripe apple. 
