codling 
Not yet old enough for :i man, nor young enough for a 
boy; aa a squash is before 'tis a peaseod, or a r-W/m'/ 
when 'tis almost an apple. Shak., T. K., i. 5. 
A codling, ere it went his lip in, 
Wou'il strait become a golden pippin. Sirift. 
3. An apple to be stewed, or used only when 
stewed. 
In July come gillitlowers of all varieties, early pears 
anil plums in fruit, gennitings and codlin;^. 
Lacuti, Gardens. 
4. One of several cultivated varieties of kitchen 
apple with large or medium-sized fruit. 5f. A 
testicle. Sylrestrr, DuBartas. 6. pi. [E. dial. 
codling.] Limestones partially burnt. Hani- 
well. [Prov. Eng.] 
codling- (kod'ling), . [< ME. codling, prop, a 
young cod. but applied to several different fish ; 
dim. of cod 2 .] 1. The young of the common 
cod when about the size of the whiting. Day. 
A Codd, first a Whiting, then a Codling, then a Codd. 
Habeas Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 215. 
2. A gadoid fish of the genus PJiycis, as the 
American /'. chuss and P. tennis. 
codling 3 (kod'ling), n. [Origin obscure.] A 
balk sawed into lengths for staves. E. H. 
Knight. 
codling-moth (kod'ling-moth), n. The Carpo- 
capxa /loinonella (Linnaeus), a common and wide- 
spread pest of apple-orchards. The egg is laid in 
the calyx-end of the forming apple, ami the larva feeds on 
Codling-moth and Apple-worm (Carpocapsa p&monella'), 
natural size. 
a, piece of an apple, showing the work of the larva; b, point of en- 
trance of the larva ; rf, pupa ; f, larva or caterpillar ; f, , imago or 
moth ; h, head of larva, enlarged ; i, cocoon. 
the pulp around the core. There are two broods annually, 
the second passing the winter in the larval state within a 
slight silken cocoon. The insect has been introduced into 
different parts of the world with the cultivated apple. 
codlins-and-cream (kod'linz-and-krem'), n. 
A European species of willow-Kerb, Epilobium 
hirsutum : so called from the odor of its bruised 
leaves, which resembles that of a once favorite 
dish. 
cod-liver (kod'liv"er), n. The liver of a cod- 
fish. Cod-liver Oil (oleum inorrhitce), an oil obtained 
from the liver of the common cod ((rarfiw morrhita) and 
allied species. In medicine it is of great use as a nutritive 
in certain debilitated conditions. There are three grades 
known in commerce, pale or vhore, pale-broum or strait*, 
and dark-brmvn or banks, the first being the purest. 
cod-murderer (kod'mer''der-er), n. An appa- 
ratus in use at Peterhead, Scotland, consist- 
ing of a long piece of lead with snoods passed 
through holes at intervals, bearing a hook at 
either end, without bait. The cod strikes 
against the lead, and one or other of the hooks 
generally secures it. Day. 
codo (ko'do), H. [Sp., < L. eubitus, a cubit: see 
ctioit, codille. ] A Spanish linear measure, a cubit, 
half a vara, especially half a Castilian vara, 
or 16.44 English inches, = 41.75 centimeters. 
The name is also applied by Christians in Morocco to the 
dhira 1 or cubit of '22.5 English inches, = 57.1 centimeters. 
codon (ko'don), n. [Gr. KU&WV, a bell.] 1. A 
small bell. 2. The bell or flaring mouth of a 
trumpet. 
Codonella (ko-do-nel'a), n. [NL., < Gr. K<J6av, 
a bell, + dim. -ella.] "The typical genus of Co- 
donellidai, containing oceanic infusorians with 
two circlets of oral cilia, the outer long and 
tentaculiform, the inner spatulate. C. galea, 
C. orthoceras, and C. campanella are Mediter- 
ranean species. Haeckel, 1873. 
codonellid (ko-do-nel'id), n. A member of the 
family Codonellida: 
Codoriellidse (ko-do-nel'i-de), re. pi [NL., < 
Codonella + -ida>.] A family of infusorians, 
named from the genus Codonella. 
1084 
Codonoeca (ko-do-ne'ka), H. [NL., < Gr. nA 
a bell, + oiKor, a house.] The typical genus of 
the family Codon&cidce. C. costata is an American 
salt-water form, with an erect bell-shaped lorica upon a 
long rigid stalk. //. J. Clark, 18B6. 
COdonoecid (ko-do-ne'sid), n. A member of the 
Codonaeeiila'. 
Codon03Cidse (ko-do-ne'si-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Codiniaeca + -idw.] A family of animalcules, 
solitary, uniflagellate, inhabiting an erect pe- 
dicellate lorica, to the bottom of which they 
are fixed in a sessile manner, and not attached 
by a secondary flexible pedicle. They are 
found in fresh and salt water. 
Codonosiga (ko"do-no-si'ga), . [NL. (H. J. 
Clark, 1866, in form 'Codosiga), < Gr. iMuv, a 
bell, + aiyr/, silence.] The typical genus of the 
family Codonosigidai. Also Codosiga. 
codonosigid (ko-do-nos'i-jid), . A member of 
the ( 'odonosigidce. 
Codonosigidas (k6"do-no-sij'i-de), n.pl. [NL., 
< Codonosiga, + -idee. ] A family of animalcules, 
free-swimming or attached, solitary or socially 
united, entirely naked, and secreting neither 
independent loricte nor gelatinous zoocytia. 
They have a well-developed collar, encircling the base of 
a single terminal (lagellum ; contractile vesicles, 2 or 3 in 
number, posteriorly located; and the endoplast is sub- 
spherical and subcentral. 
codonostoma (ko-do-nos'to-ma), n. ; pi. codonos- 
tomas (-maz), codonostomdta (ko'do-nos-td'ma- 
ta). [NLi, < Gr. mOoW, a bell, + ar'6/ja, mouth.] 
In eool., the mouth or aperture of the disk, 
swimming-bell, or nectocalyx of a medusa, or 
the similar opening of the bell or gonocalyx 
of a medusiform gonophore ; the orifice of the 
umbrella, through which its cavity communi- 
cates with the exterior. 
Codosiga (ko-do-si'ga), n. [NL.: see Codono- 
siga.] Same as Codonosiga. H. J. Clark, 1866. 
cod-piece (kod'pes), n. In medieval male cos- 
tume, a part of the hose in front, at the sep- 
aration of the legs, made loose or in the form 
of a flap, or in some cases separately attach- 
ed: it was rendered necessary by the extreme 
tightness of the garment from about 1475 to 
1550. 
cod-pole (kod'pol), . A local (Buckingham- 
shire and Berkshire) English name for the fish 
otherwise called miller's-tlmmo. 
COd-SOUnd (kod'sound), n. The sound or air- 
bladder of the codfish. 
codulet, ". An obsolete form of cuttle. 
cod-wprmt (kod'werm), n. [< cod 1 (prob. an 
assimilation of caddis 2 ) + worm.'] A caddis- 
worm or case-worm. /. Walton. 
C06 1 t, [Early mod. E., also koe, koo (Sc. Tea, 
kae, kay), < ME. co, coo, koo, ca, lea, kaa (< AS. 
*ea or *ca/i f ) = D. kaa = OHG. chaha, cha = Dan. 
kaa = Sw. kaja = Norw. kaae (cf. P. dial, caiie, 
OF. cave, dim. caiiettc), a jackdaw : a var. of AS. 
*ccoh, ce6, > ME. choge, "chouge, choughe, mod. 
E. chough, q. v., being an imitation of the bird's 
cry: see caw 1 , of the same imitative nature. 
Hence caduw, caddow. See caddow, chough, 
caw 1 .] A jackdaw; a chough. 
Coo, byrde or sehowhe, monedula, nodnla. 
Prompt. Parv. t p. 84. 
coe 2 (ko), n. [E. dial., = Sc. cow = MD. kotitee, 
D. kouw, a cage, = MLG. Icoje MHG. Icowe, 
komre, G. kaue, a coe, also a cage (cf. ML. caga, 
a cage), < ML. caria for L. cavea, a hollow, 
cave : see cage and cave 1 , and cf . coy 2 .] In min- 
ing, a little underground lodgment made by the 
miners as they work lower and lower. 
cceca, n. Plural of ccecum. 
Coecilia, . See Ca>cilia, 1. 
Coeciliidse, n. pi. See CceeUiidtc. 
coecum, n. ; pi. cceca. See ccecv.ni. 
coefficacy (ko-ef 'i-ka-si), n. [< co- 1 + efficacy.] 
Joint efficacy ; the power of two or more things 
acting together to produce an effect. Sir T. 
Browne. 
coefficiency (ko-e-fish'en-si), n. [< coefficient : 
see -cncy.\ Cooperation; joint power of two 
or more things or causes acting to the same 
end. 
The managing and carrying on of this work, by the spir- 
it's instrumental coejftciency. Glanville, Seep. Sci. 
coefficient (ko-e-fish'ent), a. and n. [< co- 1 + 
efficient.] I. a. Cooperating; acting in union 
to the same end. 
II. re. 1. That which unites in action with 
something else to produce a given effect ; that 
which unites its action with the action of an- 
other. 2. In alg., a number or other constant 
placed before and multiplying an unknown 
quantity or variable or an expression contain- 
Ccelacanthus 
ing such quantities ; also, a number multiply- 
ing a constant or known quantity expressed 
algebraically that is, by the letters a, b, etc. 
Thus, 3 is the coefficient of #. 2nd-' the coefficient of y, 
and 2 the coefficient of &'-', in the polynomial 3z + 2'/-i/. 
3. In phys., a numerical quantity, constant for 
a given substance, and used to measure some 
one of its properties: as, the coefficient of ex- 
pansion of any substance is the amount wliich 
the unit of length (surface or volume) expands 
in passing from to 1 C. 
The ratio of the strain to the stress is called the coeffi- 
cient of pliability. Encyc. Brit., VI. 311. 
Binomial coefficient. See binamial Coefficient .of 
elasticity or of resilience, the ratio of the numerical 
value of a stress to the numel'ical value of the strain pro- 
duced by it. Coefficient of friction, the resistance to 
sliding between two surfaces divided by the pressure be- 
tween them. Coefficient Of limnology, the constant 
anharmonic ratio between corresponding points of two 
figures in homology, the point where the line through 
these points cuts the axis of homology and the center of 
homology, or between two corresponding rays, the line 
from their intersection to the center of homology, and the 
axis of homology. Coefficient Of torsion, the angle of 
torsion produced in awire of unit dimensions by a force of 
unit moment. Cubical coefficient of expansion, the 
rate of increase of the volume of a body of unit volume 
with the temperature. Differential coefficient, in the 
calculus, the measure of the rate of change of a function 
relatively to its variable. A partial differential coefficient 
is the measure of the rate of change of a function of sev- 
eral independent variables relatively to one of them. A 
second inferential coefficient is the differential coefficient 
of the differential coefficient of a function, both differ- 
ential coefficients being taken relatively to the same va- 
riable. Third, fourth, etc., differential coejticietits are 
coefficients formed in a way analogous to that by which 
the second differential coefficient is obtained. Direc- 
tional coefficient, of an imaginary quantity, the quo- 
tient after dividing the quantity by its modulus. Dy- 
namical coefficient of viscosity, the rate at which 
the velocity of a fluid moving everywhere in the same 
direction, but with velocities measured by the distances 
from a fixed plane, is transmitted tangentially to a unit 
distance through the fluid. Kinetic coefficient Of vis- 
COSity, the dynamical coefficient of viscosity divided by 
the density; the index of friction of a fluid. Laplace's 
coefficients, certain quantities used in the development 
of expressions by spherical harmonics. Linear coeffi- 
cient Of expansion, the rate of expansion of a bar of unit 
length with the temperature. Virtual coefficient, of a 
pair of screws, the quantity (a -f 6) cos </ sin 6, where 
a and b are the pitches, d is the least distance between 
the screws, and 6 is the greatest angle between their or- 
thogonal projections. 
coefficiently (ko-e-fish'ent-li), adv. By cooper- 
ation. 
coehom (ko'hdrn), w. [After the Dutch engineer 
Coehorn ( 1641-1704), who invented it. ] A small 
mortar for throwing grenades, light enough to 
be carried by a small number of men, usually 
four. Also spelled coliorn. 
C031-. The form of ccelo- before a vowel. 
coela, n. Plural of cielum. 
Cffilacanth (se'la-kanth), n. and a. I. n. One 
of the Ctelacanthidce. 
II. a. Pertaining to the Ccelacanthidre. 
Ccelacanthi (se-la-kan'thi), re. pi. [NL., pi. 
of Ccelacanthus, q. v.] In Agassiz's system of 
classification, a family of ganoid fishes prima- 
rily equivalent to Cailacanthidai, but including 
many heterogeneous forms, among which were 
the living Osteoglossidce, Amiidte, and Cerato- 
dontidce. 
coelacanthid (se-la-kan'thid), . An extinct 
fish of the family Calacantliida;. 
Coelacanthidae (se-la-kan'thi-de),w. pi. [NL., < 
Ccelacanthus + -ida;.] A family of fishes, ex- 
emplified by the genus Ccelacanthus, including 
forms with rounded scales, 2 dorsal fins, each 
supported by a single 2-pronged interspinous 
bone, paired fins obtusely lobate, caudal fin 
diphycercal, air-bladder ossified, and notochord 
persistent. The species are extinct, and flourished from 
the Carboniferous formation to the Cretaceous. Also Coe- 
lacanthini, Coelacanthoidei. 
coelacanthine (se-la-kan'thin), a. and n. [< 
Ccelacanthi + -zwe 1 .] I. a. Having hollow 
spines, as a fish; specifically, pertaining to the 
Catlacanthi. 
II. re. One of the Ceelacanthini. 
Coelacanthini (se'la-kan-thi'ni), . pi. [NL. 
(Huxley), < Ccelacanthus + -ini.] Same as Coe- 
lacanthidce. 
COelacanthoid (se-la-kan'thoid), a. and n. [< 
Ccelacanthus + -old.] I. a. Eclating to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Coelacanthida. 
II. n. A coelacanthid. 
Coelacanthoidei (se*la-kau-thoi'de-i), n.pl. 
[NL. (Bleeker, 1859), < Ccelacanthus + -oidei.] 
Same as Ccelacanthidos. 
Coelacanthus (se-la-kan'thus), n. [NL. (Agas- 
siz, 1843), < Gr. MHAO?, hollow, + anavSa, thorn, 
spine.] The typical genus of ganoid fishes of 
the family Cosiacanthida; : so called from their 
spines, which were filled with a softer sub- 
