collective 
When a body of men unite together and occupy, by ap- 
propriation or by conquest, a tract of land, and then di- 
vide it into equal shares, that is no evidence of collective. 
ownership. D. W. Hogs, German Land-holding, p. 20. 
2. In gram., denoting an aggregate, group, or 
assemblage ; expressing under the singular form 
a whole consisting of a plurality of individual 
objects or persons : as, a collective noun. 3f. 
Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. 
Critical and collective reason. Sir T. Brou-ne, Vulg. Err. 
4. Having the quality or power of collecting 
together; tending to collect; forming a collec- 
tion. [Rare.] 
Local is his throne, ... to fix a point, 
A central point, collective of his sons. Young. 
5. Relating to or of the nature of collectivism; 
belonging to the people as a whole Collective 
fruits, fruits resulting from the aggregation of several 
flowers into one mass, as the mulberry and pineapple. 
Collective note, in diplomacy, a note or an official com- 
munication signed by the representatives of several govern- 
ments. Collective noun. See II. Collective sense, 
in logic, an acceptation of a common noun such that 
something is asserted of the individuals it denotes taken 
together which is not asserted of any one of them sepa- 
rately. Thus, in the sentence "The planets are seven in 
number, "planets is taken in a collective sense. Collec- 
tive Whole, in logic, a whole the material parts of which 
are separate and accidentally brought together, as an 
army, a heap of stones, a pile of wheat, etc. 
II. n. [Cf. L. no men collectivism, a collective 
noun.] In gram., a noun in the singular num- 
ber signifying an aggregate or assemblage, as 
multitude, crowd, troop, herd, people, society, 
clergy meeting, etc. Collectives as subjects can have 
their verbs either in the singular or in the plural, the latter 
by preference in familiar style ; but usage varies as to dif- 
ferent words of this class, according as they express more 
prominently a unity or a complexity ; they take attribu- 
tives, however, in the singular: as, the jury meets or meet, 
hut this jury meets. 
Wee shall also put a manifest violence and impropriety 
upon a knowne word against his common signification in 
binding a Collective to a singular person. 
Xilton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 
collectively (ko-lek'tiv-li), adv. In a collective 
manner; in a mass or body; in a collected 
state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly : as, the citi- 
zens of a state collectively considered. 
During the hunting and pastoral stages, the warriors of 
the group hold the land collectively. 
U. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 463. 
collectiveness (ko-lek'tiy-nes), . The state 
of being collective; combination; union; mass. 
Todd. Also collectivity. 
collectivism (ko-lek'tiv-izm), n. [< collective + 
-ism; = F. coUectivisme.] The socialistic theory 
or principle of centralization of all directive 
social and industrial power, especially of con- 
trol of the means of production, in the people 
collectively, or the state : the opposite of indi- 
vidualism. 
As used in current speech, and also in economics, no 
very definite line of distinction between communism and 
socialism can be drawn. Generally speaking, communism 
is a term for a system of common property, and this should 
be accepted as the reasonably correct usage of the word ; 
but even by socialists it is frequently used as practically 
synonymous with socialism. Collectivism is a word which 
has recently come into vogue to express the economic 
basis of socialism as above explained. 
Encyc. Brit., XXII. 207, note. 
Collectivism, which is now used by German as well as 
by French writers, denotes the condition of a community 
when its affairs, especially its industry, are managed in the 
collective way, instead of the method of separate, individ- 
ual effort. Woolsey, Communism and Socialism, p. 4. 
collectivist (ko-lek'tiv-ist), n. and a. I. n. [< 
collective + -ist; = F. collectiviste.] A believer 
in the principle of collectivism ; especially, one 
who holds that the materials of production, as 
the soil, should belong to the people at large. 
The Collectivists admit that recompense should be pro- 
portioned to work done, which is the principle of individ- 
ual responsibility. 
Orpen, tr. of Lavelaye's Socialism, p. 246. 
II. a. 1. Believing in the principle of col- 
lectivism. 2. Pertaining to or of the nature 
of collectivism ; founded on the principle of 
collectivism. 
The message then proceeds to speak of measures for 
" organizing the life of the people in the form of corpora- 
tive associations under the protection and furtherance of 
the state " a clause which might be taken as an admis- 
sion of the collectivist principle. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 216. 
3. Relating or belonging to the collect! vists : 
as, a collectivist writer. 
collectivity (kol-ek-tiv'i-ti), n. [< collective + 
-ity.] 1. Same a,s collectiveness . J. Morley. 2. 
The whole collectively considered; the mass. 
[Rare.] 
The collectivity of living existence becomes a self-im- 
proving machine. Pop. Set. Mo., XXI. 436. 
Specifically 3. The people of a commune or 
state taken collectively ; the people at large ; 
the citizens as a whole. 
1102 
The Marxists insisted that the social regime of collective 
property and systematic co-operative production could not 
possibly be introduced, maintained, or regulated, except by 
means of an omnipotent and centralised political author- 
itycall it the State, call it the collectivity, call it what 
you like which should have the final disposal of every- 
thing. Roe, Contemp. Socialism, p. 140. 
4. Collectivism; especially, the ownership on 
the part of the state or the people at large of all 
means of production, especially of the soil. 
Collectivity, in the dialect of the Socialists, means the 
ownership of all the instruments of production by the 
state, and its use of them in such manner as shall seem 
best calculated to eradicate or diminish poverty. 
The Nation, Nov. 15, 1883. 
collector (kq-lek'tor), n. [= F. collecteur = Sp. 
colector = Pg. collector = It. collettore, < ML. 
collector, < L. colligere, pp. collectus, gather to- 
gether: see collect, v.~] 1. One who collects or 
gathers ; especially, one who makes it a pursuit 
or an amusement to collect objects of interest, 
as books, paintings, plants, minerals, shells, etc. 
Ancillon was a great collector of curious books, and dex- 
terously defended himself when accused of the Biblioma- 
nia. /. D'Israeli, Curios, of Lit., I. 58. 
2. A compiler ; one who gathers and puts to- 
gether parts of books, or scattered pieces, in 
one book. [Rare.] 
Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison. 
3. A person employed to collect dues, public 
or private ; especially, an officer appointed and 
commissioned to collect and receive customs 
duties, taxes, or toll within a certain district. 
Under the government of the United States these are of 
two classes, called collectors of customs and collectors of 
internal revenue. 
Qwich messe peny and ferthing schal be resceyued be 
the colictour for the sere [year] chosen. 
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 452. 
The king sent his chief collector of tribute unto the cities 
of Juda. 1 Mac. i. 29. 
Specifically 4. In British India, the chief 
administrative official of a zillah or district, 
charged with the collection of the revenue, and 
also, except in Bengal proper, possessing cer- 
tain magisterial powers. Yule and Burnett. 
5. One of two bachelors of arts in Oxford Uni- 
versity who are appointed each Lent to divide 
the determining bachelors into classes and dis- 
tribute the schools. Also called Lent collectors. 
6. A person appointed to care for the estate 
of a decedent until letters testamentary or of ad- 
ministration upon it are granted. 7. In elect., 
the upper plate of a disk or condenser, em- 
ployed for collecting electricity ; more gener- 
ally, any arrangement for collecting electricity. 
A pointed collector was not employed until after Frank- 
lin's famous researches on the action of points. 
S. P. Thompson, Elect, and Mag., p. 4. 
Collector of births and burials, a local English (Nor- 
folk) municipal officer who makes a weekly return of births 
and burials to the magistrates. 
collectorate (ko-lek'to-rat), n. [< collector + 
-ate 3 .] The district oi! a 'collector ; a collector- 
ship ; specifically, an administrative district, or 
zillah, of British India under the jurisdiction of 
a collector. See collector, 4. 
Good brass utensils are also made at Kelshi and at Bag- 
mandli in the Ratnagiri collectorate. 
Birdwood, Indian Arts, I. 161. 
collector-magistrate (kp-lek'tpr-maj'is-trat), 
n. In British India, a collector. 
collectorship (ko-lek'tor-ship), n. [< collector 
+ -ship.] 1. The office of a collector of cus- 
toms or taxes. 2. The jurisdiction of a col- 
lector. 
collectress (ko-lek'tres), . [< collector + -css.j 
A female collector. 
colleen (kol'en), n. [< Ir. cailin, a girl, little 
girl, < caile, a girl, + dim. -in.'] A girl. [Irish.] 
collegatary (ko-leg'a-ta-ri), n. ; pi. eollegataries 
(-riz). [< LL. coUegatarius, conlegatarius, < L. 
com-, with, + LL. legatarius, a legatee.] Same 
as co-legatee. 
college (kol'ej), n. [Formerly also colledge; < 
F. college, now college, = Sp. cotegio = Pg. It. col- 
legia, (. L. collegium, a connection of associates, 
a society, guild, fraternity, < collega, a colleague, 
associate: Bee colleague, n. Cf. collegium.] 1. 
An organized association of men, invested with 
certain common powers and rights, performing 
certain related duties, or engaged in some com- 
mon employment or pursuit ; a body of col- 
leagues; a guild; a corporation ; a community: 
as, an ancient Roman college of priests ; the col- 
lege of cardinals ; the Heralds' College in Eng- 
land ; a college of physicians or surgeons. 
There is a Colledge of Franciscan Friers called the Cor- 
deliers. Coryat, Crudities, I. 10. 
Both worships, as well as the science of magic, had their 
colleges of priests and devotees. 
J. H. Seurman, Development of Christ. Doct., iv. 1. 
collegian 
2. (a) An endowed and incorporated commu- 
nity or association of students within a univer- 
sity. See university. A college corporation in the 
English universities consists of a master, fellows, and 
scholars, (ft) The institution or house founded for 
the accommodation of such an association, such 
houses began to be established about A. l>. 1200, as charita- 
ble foundations for affording food and lodging to poor stu- 
dents, and did not at first undertake to subject them to any 
regular discipline or to order their studies. But schools 
were early attached'to them, and the entire instruction of 
most of the universities was ultimately given in the col- 
leges. 
The primary object of a college is not the teaching of 
anybody ; it is the maintenance in an incorporated society 
of some of those who come to profit by the teaching and 
other advantages of the University. 
Contemporary Rev., LI. 616. 
The name college seems first to have been specially ap- 
plied to the houses of religious orders, where were ac- 
commodated those youths who meant to devote themselves 
wholly to a " religious " life. 
Laurie, Lectures on Universities, p. 246. 
(c) In Scotland, the United States, and Cana- 
da, an incorporated and endowed institution of 
learning of the highest grade. In the United states 
college is the generic name for all such institutions (some- 
times given even to professional schools), university being 
properly limited to colleges which in size, organization 
(especially in division into distinct schools and faculties), 
methods of instruction, and diversity of subjects taught ap- 
proach most nearly to the institutions so named in Europe. 
(d) A school or an academy of a high grade or of 
high pretensions, (e) An edifice occupied by a 
college. (/) In France, an institution for sec- 
ondary education, controlled by the municipal- 
ity, which pays for the instruction given there, 
and differing from the lyceum in that the latter 
is supported and directed by the state. The cur- 
riculum is nearly the same in both, the college 
being usually modeled on the lyceum. 3f. A 
collection or assembly ; a company. 
On barbed steeds they rode in proud array, 
Thick as the college of the bees in May. 
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 218. 
4. A debtors' prison. [Eng. slang.] 
The settlement of that execution which had carried Mr. 
Plornish to the Marshalsea College. 
Dickens, Little Dorrit, xxxi. 
Apostolic college, (a) The apostles of Christ considered 
as a collective body possessing corporate authority. (&) 
The whole body of bishops of the historical church, re- 
garded as continuing and possessing in their corporate 
capacity the authority of the original assembly of apos- 
tles. College Church, (a) Same as collegiate church 
(which see, under collegiate). (6) A church connected with 
a college. [U. S.] College of Justice, in Scotland, a term 
applied to the supreme civil courts, composed of the lords 
of council and session, together with the advocates, clerks 
of session, clerks of the bills, writers to the signet, etc. 
College of regulars, a monastery attached to a universi- 
ty. Electoral college. See electoral. Heralds' col- 
lege. See herald. Sacred College, the body of cardinals 
in the Roman Catholic Church. See cardinal, n., 1. 
college-pudding (kprej-pud"ing), n. A kind 
of small plum-pudding. 
colleger (kol'ej-er), n. [< college + -er 1 .] A 
member of a college ; specifically, one of sev- 
enty scholars at Eton College, England, de- 
scribed in the extract. 
These Collegers [at Eton] are the nucleus of the' whole 
system, and the only original part of it, the paying pupils 
(oppidans, town-boys) being, according to general belief, 
an after growth. They (the Collegers) are educated gratu- 
itously, and such of them as have nearly hut not quite 
reached the age of nineteen, when a vacancy in King's Col- 
lege, Cambridge, occurs, are elected Scholars there forth- 
with and provided for during life or until marriage. 
C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 322. 
collegia, . Plural of collegium. 
collegia! (ko-le'ji-al), a. [= F. collegial = Sp. 
colegial = Pg. collegial = It. collegiale, < L. col- 
legialis, < collegium, a college: see college."] 1. 
Pertaining to a college, or an organized body of 
men appointed to perform any function, as con- 
trasted with an individual : as, a collegial sys- 
tem of judges; a collegial verdict. 2. Relating 
to a college ; collegiate. 
The collegial corporations had usurped the exclusive 
privilege of instruction. Sir W. Hamilton. 
3. Eceles., having the character of a collegium, 
or voluntary assembly which has no relationship 
to the state. See collegium, collegialism. colle- 
gial church. Same as collegiate church (which see, under 
collegiate). 
collegialism (ko-le'ji-al-izm), n. [< collegial, 3, 
+ -ism.] Eceles., the theory of church polity 
which maintains that the church is a society or 
collegium of voluntary members, and is not sub- 
ordinate to the state, but stands on an equality 
with it, and that the highest ecclesiastical au- 
thority rests with the whole society, which is in- 
dependent and self-governing : opposed to terri- 
torialism and episcopalian (which see). 
collegian (ko-le'ji-an), n. [< ML. as if "collegia- 
nus, < L. collegium : see college.] 1. A member 
