colonnaded 
Sombre, old, c.(iloniuitl>'<t aistr- ' ' a, Ilir Ituisy. 
He visited Athens again, laU-r than 4.T-', fur he saw (he 
Propj'lieii IT <-<:liutii<t<'<l entrance of the Ai:ni*lis, ii.ni 
pli'tfl ill tliut ve;ir. 
R. C. Jebo, Primer of (Ireek Literature. 
colonne (ko-lon'), n. [F., < L. columna, a col- 
umn: see column.] One of the three columns, 
of twelve figures each, stamped upon a rou- 
lette-table. 
colonnette (kol-o-nef), n. [F., dim. of co- 
linine: see colonne.] A little column. 
I In fai.-u.le . . . with its multiple colonettes and pilas- 
ters resembles a gigantic organ. 
C. C. Perkiut, Italian Sculpture, p. 187. 
COlonUS (ko-16'nus), n.; pi. coloni (-ni). [L., a 
husbandman, a farmer, colonist, later a serf: 
see colone and colony.] 1. A colonist. 2. 
Under the later Roman empire, a cultivator 
bound to the soil ; an agricultural serf. 
colony (kol'o-ni), . ; pi. colonies (-niz). [Early 
mi M I. !',. fnl, i n ir : = 1>. AW<i/c = G.A'otoi'c = Dan. 
SH . kuliitii, < V. mlonie = Sp. Pg. It. colonia, < L. 
colonia, a colony, < coloniis, a husbandman, colo- 
nist, < mien; till, cultivate, dwell : see cult, culti- 
vate, etc . ] 1 . A company or body of people who 
migrate from their native country or home to a 
new province, country, or district, to cultivate 
and inhabit it, but remain subject to or inti- 
mately connected with the parent state ; also, 
the descendants of such settlers so long as the 
connection with the mother country is retained. 
Among the ancient Greeks the simple colony, which M;IS 
not necessarily dependent upon the parent state exrrpt in 
religious matters, must be distinguished from & cleruchy 
(which see). Among the Koinans the earliest colonies, 
so called, were merely garrisons in a hostile territory. 
Later, colonies were founded for the benefit of the poor 
of Rome ; but Sylla restored the military character to the 
colony, which became in general a foundation for the 
benefit of veteran soldiers who had served their time. 
The colonists retained their Roman citizenship, and re- 
ceived their lands by lot the original inhabitants of the 
site being subordinated to them. In American history 
the name is given especially to the thirteen separate com- 
munities along the Atlantic coast under English rule which 
combined in the revolution, and were formed in 1776 into 
the United States of America. They were (in geograph- 
ical order) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Muni, 
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
and Georgia. These were all originally English colonies 
excepting New York and Delaware, which were for a time 
respectively Dutch (as New Netherland) and Swedish (as 
New Sweden). Theirgovernmentswerebycharter(in Mas- 
sachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut), proprietary 
(in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland), or royal (in 
the remaining colonies). In each (except Rhode Island 
and Connecticut which chose their own governors) the 
governor was appointed by the crown or by the proprie- 
taries. The crown claimed a veto on legislation, and juris- 
diction of appeals from the court of last resort 
Once on a time thirteen famous colonies of the older 
England voted that they were and ought to be free and 
Independent States. By that vote they ceased, in the sense 
of a colonial office, to be English colonies any longer. In 
the sense of history they became English colonies more 
truly than before. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 26. 
2. The country or district planted or colonized. 
This citle [Augustal was a Colony of the Romanes, by 
whom it was for a long time inhabited. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 97. 
3. A number of persons of a particular nation, 
taken collectively, residing temporarily or in- 
definitely in a foreign city or country: as, the 
American colony in Paris. 4. A number of 
animals or plants living or growing colonially. 
Specifically (a) In hot., a group of (generally unicellular) 
fungi or algee produced by cell-division from a common 
parent cell, and adhering in groups or chains, sometimes 
held together by an enveloping gelatinous substance, each 
individual being able to exist separately, (b) In zool., a 
polyp-stock, polypidom, or some similar aggregate of in- 
dividuals : applied to various actinozoans, hydrozoans, and 
polyzoans, to the social or compound ascldians, etc. Tims, 
a bit of living coral is a colony of coral polypites. See cut 
under Coralligena. Crown colony, a colony in which 
the crown has the entire control of t he legislation, while 
the administration is carried on by public officers under 
the control of the home government : distinguished from 
colonies having a constitution and representative govern- 
ment Gibraltar and Hongkong are examples of British 
crown colonies. Old Colony, specifically, the Plymouth 
Colony in Massachusetts, or the region once occupied by 
it : so called from having been the earliest settlement 
within the present limits of Massachusetts. 
colonyt (kol'o-ni), v. t. [< colony, n.] To colo- 
nize, t'anshauj. 
colophany, An erroneous form of colophony. 
colophene (kol'o-fen), n. [< coloph(ony) + 
-ne.] A viscid, aromatic hydrocarbon-oil ob- 
tained by the rapid distillation of colophony, 
or by distilling oil of turpentine with strong 
sulphuric acid ; the product being in both cases 
afterward purified. 
colopholic (kol-6-fol'ik), a. [< coloph(ony) + 
-ol + -ic.] Derived from or related to colo- 
phony: applied to one of the acids present in 
colophony. Colopholic acid is produced by the action of 
heat on pinic acid, and is the least soluble in alcohol of 
all the colophonic acids. 
1109 
colophon (kol'o-fon), n. [< LL. coln/ilum, < (Jr. 
Ko/opui', the summit, top, esp. in phrases like 
no'/JxJHJi'a i-iTillimi, K've the finishing stroke, M,- 
/o^(ji' iirayeiv rQ Jo>v>, put an end to a speeeh, 
etc. (imaginatively explained by Strabo with 
ref. to the city Ko/o^iv in Ionia, beeauso the 
cavalry from that city was "so excellent that 
it always decided the contest"; but see </<.- 
liliiniy); prob. akin to L. colnmni. top. summit : 
see column. Cf. Or. nopv$ii, the head, top, high- 
est point, < n6pvf, head, helmet: see cory/ilm, 
curypheus.] 1. An emblematic device, or a note, 
i specially one relating to the circumstances of 
production, as the printer's or scribe's name, 
place, and date, put at the conclusion of a book 
or manuscript. 
The colophon may be, and frequently Is. a pious ejacu- 
lation, such as " Laus Deo! " nr " Den *it laua et gloria!" 
... or ... the mark or device of the printer; the seal, 
as it were, solemnly affixed to an instrument <>f hifli Im- 
portance, as a published book was once thought to be. 
A', and V-, Oth ser, IX. 170. 
2. The end of a book ; the word " finis," or 
"the end," marking the conclusion of any 
printed work. 3. [cap.] [NL.] In zool.: (a) 
A genus of coleopterous insects. H'estwood, 
1832. (6) A genus of arachnidans. /.'" . O. P. 
Cambridge, 1874. 
colophone (kol'o-fon), . Same as colophony. 
Fallotrs. 
Colophonian 1 (kol-o-fo'ni-an), a. [< Colophon 
(see colophony) + -ian.] Of or pertaining to 
Colophon, an ancient city of Ionia. 
Colophonian- (kol-o-fo'ni-an), a. [< colophon 
+ -ian.] Kelating to a colophon, or the con- 
clusion of a book. Cudicorth. 
colophonic (kol-o-fon'ik), a. [< colophony + 
-ic.J Derived from colophony, as certain res- 
inous acids called pinic acid, pimaric acid, sylnc 
acid, and colopholic acid. All these acids are iso- 
menc, their common formula being CgoH^Oo. 
colophonite (kol'o-fo-nit), n. [< colophony + 
-ite$.] A variety of garnet of a reddish-yellow 
or brown color, occurring in coarse granular 
masses : so called from its resemblance in color 
and luster to the resin colophony. 
colophonium (kol-o-fo'ni-um), n. [NL., < L. 
colophonia, colophony: see colophony.] Same 
as colophony. 
colophony (kol'o-fo-ni), n. [Formerly colofo- 
ny ; sometimes written colophany, after F. colo- 
phane, formerly colophone, = Pr. Pg. colophonia 
= Sp. It. colofonia, < L. colophonia (so. retina) 
(NL. also colophonium, > Dan. kolofonittm), < Or. 
M>/.<Kixji'ui (so. pirivrj), Colophonian resin, fern, 
of K>o(,'ir/()<; (L. Colophonius), Colophonian, < 
Ko/o^<ji> (L. Colophon), a city of Ionia, prob. 
so named from KOAO^UV, summit, top (there 
are about thirty towns named Summit in the 
United States): see colophon.] A solid, amor- 
phous substance, of an amber or blackish- 
brown color, left after distilling crude turpen- 
tine with water ; common resin, or rosin, it is 
widely used in the arts, especially in making soap and the 
cheaper grades of varnish, and in medicine as an ingredi- 
ent of plasters. Also colophone. [The word Is not now in 
use except as a book-word.) 
Colopteridae (kol-op-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Co- 
lopterus, 1, + -id<s. ] In Cabanis's classification 
of birds, a name of the American family Tyran- 
nidce, embracing the tyrant flycatchers and their 
immediate allies, as a group of clamatorial or 
non-oscine Passeres. See fyraiinidfe. 
Colopterus (ko-lop'te-rus), . [NL. (Cabanis, 
1845), < Or. y.oc, clocked, curtal, 4- impiv, 
wing, = E. feather.] 1. In ornith., the typical 
genus of the family Colopteridai. 2. In en- 
torn., a genus of coleopterous insects. Erich- 
son, 1842. 
coloquintt, n. [ME., < OF. coloquinte, F. colo- 
quinte : see coloquintida.] Same as coloquintida. 
Cocumber wilde and coloqttynt doo brese. 
Palladius, Uusbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 34. 
coloquintida (kol-o-kwin'ti-da), n. [= F. colo- 
quinte = Sp. coloquintida = Pg. coloquintida, < 
ML. coloquintida, corruption of colocynthida, 
prop. ace. of L. colocynthis, > E. colocynth: see 
colocynth.] The colocynth or bitter apple. See 
colocynth. 
The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts, shall 
be to him shortly as bitter as coloquintida. 
Shot., Othello, i. 3. 
color, colour (kul'or), n. [The second spelling 
is still prevalent iri England ; early mod. E. col- 
our, color, coloure, collour, < ME. colour, colur, 
cttlur, rarely eofor, < AF. culur. OF. co/r, color, 
colour, coulour, mod. F. couleur (> D. kleur = 
Dan. kulor = Sw. kulor) = Pr. Sp. Pg. cotor (Pg. 
also contr. coi-) = It. colore, < L. color (color-), 
color 
<>L. colos (cf. nrfcor'), color, tint, orig. a cov- 
ering, from the root of cttiin; eover, hide, oc- 
i-iillnri; hide: see rininul ami tii-i-ult. For the 
transfer of sense, cf. lir. t /""'', Xl^", snrl 
skin, color.] 1. Objectively, that quality of a 
thing or appearance which is pereeived by the 
eye almie, inilepeiidently ul the form nj the 
tfiiiij;; subjei'tivi'ly, :i sensation, or the rhi-~ of 
sensations, peeuliar to the organ of vision, and 
arising from stimulation of theojitie nervi 
|in>|MT htlnuiltis to tin- seimutiuli of ntlor Is llKht railiitti il 
from a himiii"ii- |H P .I\ MI 1. 1! . t. ,! !,,,,, 11,1- ntirface of a 
in in- luminous body : but it can IK induced by other means, 
as by an electric shock. When a ray of white light li 
analyzed, as by a prism, Into parU each of a definite 
wave-length, the parts show the coloni ml, orange, yellow, 
green, blue, Indigo, and violet, which form a continuous 
spectrum, each color shading gradually Into the next 
(See liyM and ii*ctrum.) These colors have been termed 
JTI wiary or timplf, though In fact they do not excite aim- 
pie color Kiisatlons. If the colon of the spectrum are 
recotnblned, white light reappears. Similarly, If two col- 
ors which lie near together in the spectrum, both on 
the same side of light of wave length u..'.24 micron, are 
mixed (for example. If two rays of colored light are 
thrown upon the same spot to a* to be reflected from It 
togetberX the Intermediate colon are nearly produced. 
If, however, the colon, being on different side* of that 
point, are taken further and further apart In the spec- 
trum, the mixture become* gradually whiter (leu satu- 
rated) until two colors are found which produce pare 
white light If the colon are still further removed, a 
purple result*. Thoae pain of colors which when mixed 
produce white or gray light arc called cotnple mrntary col- 
ors ; such are rod and green-blue, orange and blue, yellow 
and indigo-blue, green-yellow and violet. The sensations 
produced by the different parta of the spectrum, however, 
vary with the Intensity of the light: tnus, orange when 
highly illuminated looks more yellow than when darker, 
and the main effect of Increasing the illumination of a 
color is to add a yellow color-sensation, called the color 
of brightness. If, Instead of mixing spectral colors, col- 
ored pigments are mixed, very different results are ob- 
tained: tlius, while spectral blue and yellow produce 
white, blue and yellow pigments produce green. This Is 
due to the fact that the blue pigment absorbs nearly all 
the yellow and red light, while the yellow pigment alworbs 
the blue and violet light, so that only the green remains 
to be reflected. Colors vary In chroma, or freedom from 
admixture of white light ; In brightness or luminosity ; 
and In hue, which roughly corresponds to the mean wave- 
length of the light emitted. The numbers which measure 
these quantities, as well as any other system of three num- 
bers for defining colors, are called constants of color. Pure 
white light ana darkness are not ordinarily regarded as 
colors ; but white and black objects are commonly spoken 
of as colored, although the former reflect and the latter 
absorb all the rays of light without separating them into 
colors properly so called. 
2. In painting: (a) The general effect of all 
the hues entering into the composition of a 
picture. (6) An effect of brilliancy combined 
with harmony: said either of a work in differ- 
ent colors or of a work in monochrome, or of 
an engraving: as, the picture has no color; the 
engraving is full of color. 
Though there is no colour, strictly speaking, In an en- 
graving consisting merely of black and white lines, yet the 
term is often . . . applied to an engraving which is supposed, 
from the varied character of its lines and the contrast of 
light and shade, to convey the idea of varied local colour 
as seen iu a painting. Chatto, Wood Engraving, p. 213. 
3. Any distinguishing hue, or the condition of 
having a distinguishing hue that is, a hue dif- 
ferent from that which prevails among objects 
of the kind concerned, whether the prevailing 
hue be positive, as green, or neutral or negative, 
as white or black ; hence, (a) in a picture or 
view, or in a fabric or other material dyed or 
painted, any hue, especially a pure tint (often 
implying a vivid one), other than black and 
white; (6) in human beings, from the stand- 
point of the white races, a hue or complexion 
other than white, and especially black; (c) in 
hot., any hue except green. See colored, 2. 4. 
The natural hue of the face j a red or reddish 
tint ; flush ; blush ; complexion in general. 
But aye she drank the canld water, 
To keep her colour fine. 
Fair Annie (Child's Ballads, III. 201). 
Look, whether he has not turned his colour, and has 
tears in his eyes. Shall., Hamlet, ii. >. 
My colour came and went several times with indignation. 
Sutyt, Gulliver's Travels, II. 3. 
5. That which is used for coloring ; a pigment; 
paint. 
The statue is but newly fixed, the colour's 
Not dry. Shot., W. T., v. S. 
By mixing his colours with white, the artist obtains his 
tints. By mixing colours with colours, he produces com- 
pound colours, or hues ; and by mixingcolour* or tints with 
black, he gets shades. 
Sailer's Field's Chromatoyraphy, p. 27. 
6. pi. (a) A flag^. ensign, or standard, such as 
is borne in a military body, or by a ship : so 
called from being usually marked by a partic- 
ular combination of colors : sometimes used as 
a singular noun. Seeflag^. 
