, o :n \\ l . 
The had tendency of Mr. I'ope's " Klolsa I" Aliclai'd" is 
remarked i>y sir .Mm Hawkins . . . asdepncUUnj mat 
riniony ami jiuttifyiiik' ''""'"'""".'/'. HI>. //^, ,, ; 
2. The state of being a concubine. 3. In 
/{mil. liar [i-niii-iihninhis}, a permanent cohabi- 
tation, reoogni/.i-d by tlio law, bet wren persons 
to whose marriage there were no le^nl obcta- 
ClOS. It was distinyiii.sheil fpim man i:iv' pn>prr (,//'/ / 
iiKiniiim) liy tlic absence <i( "marital affection that is, 
the Intention of founding family. As no forms wen- 
piv-'Til,, ,1 in thr later times < ither for le^al marriage or 
COIICuliilia^c, the question whether the parties int. nded 
to enter into tile former or into the latter relation was 
often one of fact to he <letrrminel Iron) tile surroiiinliic.: 
clrcumstaiK es, ;ni,l especially with refcrem-e to a greater 
or less (inference of rank between them. 
4. A natural marriage, as contradistinguished 
from a civil marriage, linurier. 
concubinal (kon-ku'bi-nal), . [< LL. eoiinilii- 
iinli-i,<. L. i-iin/-iihinii, concubine: see concubine.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of concubinage. 
concubinarian (kon-ku-bi-na'ri-an), a. [< ML. 
eonculiiiiiiriim (see <-<iiiciihiniiri/)"+ -mi.] Con- 
nected with concubinage; living in concubi- 
nage. 
The married and concuhfiuii-Mn, as well as looser clergy. 
Mil HUM, Latin Christianity, xiv. I 
concubinary (kon-ku'bi-na-ri), a. anil H. [= F. 
conciiliiiniiri; n., = Sp. Pg! It. concubinario, n., 
< Ml,. nniciihinarius, < L. concubina, concubine: 
see concubine.'} I. a. Relating to concubinage ; 
living in concubinage. Bp. Hall. 
These concubinary priests. Foxe, Martyrs, p. 1074. 
IE. H. One who indulges in concubinage. 
[Rare.] 
The Holy Ghost will not descend upon the simonlacal, un- 
chaste coitcubinarieg, schismatics, and scandalous priests. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 647. 
concubinatet (kon-ku'bi-nat), . [< L. concii- 
binatus, n., < concubina, concubine: see i-mn-u- 
binc.~\ Concubinage. 
Such marriages were esteemed Illegitimate and no bet- 
ter than u mere <-><n<-n!''ina!<\ 
Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, 111. 6. 
concubine (kong'ku-bm), . [< ME. concubine, 
< OF. concubiii, m., concubine, f., F. concubin, 
m., concubine, f., = Sp. Pg. concubina, f., = It. 
concubino, m., concubina, f., < L. concubinus, m., 
concubina, f., a concubine, < concumbere (con- 
cub-), lie together, lie with, < com-, together, + 
-cumbere (only iu comp.), nasalized form of cu- 
bare, lie down, recline, bend: see cubit.] 1. A 
paramour, male or female. 
The lady Anne did falsely and traitorously procure ill- 
vers of the king's daily and familiar servants to be her 
adulterers and concubine*. Indictment of Anne Boteyn. 
2. A wife of inferior condition ; one whose re- 
lation is in some respects that of a lawful wife, 
but who has not been united to the husband by 
the usual ceremonies : as, Hagar and Keturah, 
the concubines of Abraham, such concubines were 
allowed by the Greek and Roman laws, and for many cen- 
turies they were more or less tolerated by the church, for 
both priests and laymen. The concubine of a priest was 
sometimes called a priestess. See conmbinage, 3. 
And he [Solomon] had seven hundred wives, princesses, 
and three hundred concubines. 1 Ki. xi. 3. 
3. A woman who cohabits with a man without 
being married to him ; a kept mistress. 
I know I am too mean to be your queen, 
And yet too good to be your concubine. 
Skak., 3 Hen. VI., 111. 2. 
Indeed, & husband would be justly derided who should 
bear from a wife of exalted rank and spotless virtue half 
the insolence which the King of England bore from con- 
rntie who owed everything to his bounty. 
Macautait, Hist. EIIK., ii. 
concilia (koug'ku-la), . ; pi. concilia: (-le). An 
ancient Roman measure of capacity, probably 
about two thirds of a teaspoonful. 
conculcatet (kon-kul'kat), v. t. [< L. roneiili-ii- 
tus, pp. of conculcare, tread under foot, < com-, 
together, + calcare, tread, < calx (calc-), heel : 
seeeafx 2 . Cf. inculcate.'] To tread upon ; tram- 
ple down. 
Conculcatiittf and trampling under foot whatsoever is 
named of God. lift. Moitntagu, Appeal to Ciesar, p. ir>:{. 
conculcationt (kon-kul-ka'shon), n. [= Sp. 
omtwioootoa fobs.) = It. <<></(, ;/</, < L. con- 
(n-), < conculcare, tread underfoot: see 
. A trampling under foot; hence, 
the state of being oppressed. 
The canculcation ot the outer court of the temple bythe 
Gentiles. Dr. U. More, Mystery of Iniquity, H. xii. f 1. 
1171 
The state of th. .! u wan In that depression, in that 
,;, ii,-iil,; ,/,,,n. m thai i on i. I n.iiii / n , iii that extermination 
ill the captivity of Illlhtloll. as that <iorl presents it to tile 
prophet ill that vision, in the- Held ..f dry bOI 
llonn. , Sermons, XVii. 
COncumbencyt (kon-kum'ben-m), ii. [< L. <-<i- 
tHBtben(t-)*. |i|ir. nf niiiriiiiilii //, lie together: 
see coHcitbiii<:\ Tin- act of lying together. 
\\tien .laroli niaine.l Kat hel anil lay with I.eah, that 
I-',/,, :,,! , |, ,;,,!, , alTla'.-e b.-tween them. 
Inn-tor Imliitantinm. ii. Will. 
concupiscence (kon-ku'pi-sens), n. [< MI:. 
inxi-i Ill-r = Sp. Pg. 
i'iiiK-11/il.-ii'i IH-I , < I'', <-iiiii-u/iixi-i n 
: 8p. Pg. con- 
mfiteeiiria = It. CIIHC/II./V.-, <;,. 
< LL. i-'iiii-n/iisci ntia, an eager desire, < L. <(/- 
CH/I/.V(/-I.V. |i|ir., ilrsiring eagerly: see eoncu- 
l>i*ceHt.] 1. Improper or illicit .li-sire; sensual 
appetite; especially, lustful desire or feeling; 
sensuality; lust. 
We know even were! r'lnruintrence to be sin. Hooker. 
Sin. taking o.-easioii by the commandment, wrought in 
me all manner of concupiscence. Rom. vii. -. 
\\ hieli lust or evil coticupiict.nce he at last defines to be 
an iunatlable Intemperance of the appetite, never tilled 
with a desire, never ceasing In the prosecution of nil. 
Iliiniiimnd, Works, IV. 089. 
2. Strong desire in general; appetite. 
concupiscent (kon-ku'pi-sent), a. [= F. con- 
CH/I/MV ill = Sp. P'g. It. conc'upiscente, < L. concu- 
/ii.wn( t-)x, ppr. of concupiscere, desire eagerly, 
inceptive of (LL.) concupere, desire eagerly, < 
mm-, together, + cupere, desire: see Cupid."] 
Characterized by illicit desire or appetite; sen- 
sual ; libidinous ; lustful. 
The <;,, ir,ii, ;,r:-i, t clown is overdone. 
Lamb, To C'oli ri.li.'c. 
concupiscentialt (kou-ku-pi-sen'shal), a. [< 
LL. concupiscentialitt, < concupigcentia, concupis- 
cence: see concupiscence.] Relating to concu- 
piscence. Jolinxini. 
concupiscentioust (kon-ku-pi-sen'shus), a. [< 
concupiscence (LL. concujiixcentia) + -o*.] Con- 
cupiscent. 
In the mean time the concupitcentiout malefactors make 
>n! ready, and take London napping. 
Dekker and Webtter, Westward Ho, v. 3. 
COncupiscible (kon-ku'pi-si-bl), a. [= F. con- 
citpiscible = Sp. concupiscible = Pg. concupiscivel 
= It. concupiscibile, concupiscevole, having sen- 
sual desire, < LL. concupigcibilis, worthy to be 
longed for, < L. concupiscere, long for: see con- 
cupiscent.'] 1. Characterized by concupiscence; 
concupiscent. 
The appetitive and concupinciblf soul. 
Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 6W. 
His concMputcible Intemperate lust. 
Shut., M. for M., T. 1. 
2f. Characterized by desire or longing; appeti- 
tive. 
Both the appetites, the Irascible and the concapincible, 
fear of evil and desire of beuent, were the sufficient en- 
dearments of contracts, of societies, and republics. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I., Pref. 
concupiscibleness (kon-ku'pi-si-bl-nes), n. 
The state or quality of being concupiscible ; 
concupiscence. [Rare.] 
concupyt (kon'ku-pi), n. A contraction of con- 
cupiscence. 
He'll tickle it for his concupy. Shot., T. and C., v. 2. 
concur (kon-ker'), r. i.; pret. and pp. concurred, 
ppr. concurring. [= F. concourir = Pr. concur- 
rer = Sp. concurrir = Pg. concorrer = It. con- 
correre, concur, compete (cf. D. konkurreren = 
G. concurrirea = Dan. konkurrere, compete), < 
L. concurrere, run together, join, meet, < com-, 
together, + currere, run: see current, and cf. 
incur, occur, recur. Cf. concourse.] If. To run 
together ; meet in a point in space. 
Is it not now utterly Incredible that our two vessels, 
placed there antipodes to each other, should ever happen 
to concur f Bfntley, Sermons, vii. 
Anon they fierce encountring both concur'd, 
With grlesly looks and faces like their fates. 
./. //i/'/A-'v, Arthur, sig. E, 3 b. 
2. To come together or be accordant^ as in char- 
acter, action, or opinion ; agree ; coincide : fol- 
lowed by with before the person or thing and in 
before the object of concurrence. 
O, ho ! do you come near me now ? no worse man than 
Sir Toby to look to me ? This concurs directly wttA the let- 
ter : she sends him on purpose, that I may appear stubborn 
to him. Shak.,T. N., HI. .4. 
There was never anything so like another as m all points 
to concur. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, ii. 2. 
I heartily concur in the wish. 
Ooldnmith, Good-natured Man, i. 
3. To unite ; combine ; be associated : as, many 
causes concurred in bringing about his fall. 
In whom all these qualities do concttr. 
Wkitffift, Defence, p. 253. 
concurrent 
Testimony Is the argument ; uml If fair probabilities of 
1. n-on ,/,.-,// with it, this nr K iiment hath all 
it can have. Til'' 
\\ hen outward cmunnnim-iir. the i<l|. 
la this infection. -p], , n. 
4. /;<(/. ... to fall (111 two consecutive days, as 
two IVa-ts. See i-niiriirri iiri-. 4. 5f. Toai-sent : 
with tu. 
' Will 
' '/ not t<> my heiny, It were but right 
\ll<l e.jtnil tut. -Illre III'' t" III ^ 
M':'nn, IV |... X. 717 
concurbitt, ". A variant of rm-iirbit. <'!,, 
concurrence (koii-kni-'i-nsi. . [= F. <.///-;- 
ftmee = S]i. ruin urn iii-tii = 1'^'. i-i>iii-iirfi in-ill = 
It. I'" . cilliclirri'lice, ci,ln|ietit ion (cf. 
I), hnil.iiri-i iiin = (i. i-niii-iiiriii: = Dan. /<<- 
l.-urriin-i, .oiiijietition), < ML. mnrurrtnlui,< L. 
/-), ppr. c.t i ''in' in T</'. c'uncur: see 
concur, mn<-nrn-iit.\ 1. The act of running or 
coming together; nn-fting; conjunction; com- 
bination of causes, circnniHtanceH, events, et,-. ; 
coincidence ; union. 
And now it Is easy to lie ohiwrved, what a wonderful 
Concurrence tit Fortunes, In behalf of the hnke of Lancas- 
ter, and against King Richard, hap)- n. <| txther. 
Hater, (lironieles, p. 152. 
When God raises up a Nation to be a Scourge to other 
Nations, he Inspires them with a new spirit and courage, 
. . . and by a concurmu-c of some happy circumstances 
gives them strange success beyond all their ho|>m ami c\- 
pccUtions. M, II, a. ill, , i, Sermons, II. Iv. 
We have no other measure but of our own ideas, with 
th<- '-"ncurrenee i>l other probable reasons, to persuade us. 
Locke. 
2. Joint approval or action ; accordance in 
opinion or operation ; acquiescence ; contribu- 
tory aid or influence. 
Taniuin the Proud was expelled by the universal concur- 
rence of nobles and people. 
Su-ifl, Contests of Nobles and Commons. 
We are to trust firmly In the Deity, but so as not to 
forget that he commonly works by second causes, and ad- 
mits of our endeavours with his concurrence. 
Dryden, l>ed. of the Duke of Guise. 
In the election of her [Poland's] kings, the concurrence 
or acquiescence of every individual of the nobles and 
gentry present, In an assembly numbering usually from 
one hundred and fifty to two hundred thousand, was re- 
quired to make a choice. Calhmin, Works, I. 71. 
3. A meeting or equivalency, as of claims or 
power: a term implying a point of equality be- 
tween different persons or bodies: as, a concur- 
rence of jurisdiction in two different courts. 
4. Ecdes., immediate succession of two feasts 
or holy days, so that the second vespers of the 
first and the first vespers of the second coincide 
in time, and cannot both bo observed. The diffi- 
culty Is avoided either by translating, that is, transferring 
the less Important feast to the first unoccupied day, or by 
saying the vespers of the greater feast witn or without a 
commemoration of the lesser. See occurrence. Concur- 
rence of actions, In Ram. lav, the vesting of several 
causes of action in one person. It is either objective, when 
one plaintiff has several actions against the same defen- 
dant, or subjective, when an action may lie brought by sev- 
eral plaintiffs against one defendant, or by one plaintiff 
against several defendants, or by several plaintiffs against 
several defendants. - Syn. 2. Consent, Acquiescence, etc. 
See assent. 
concurrency (kon - kur 'en - si ), w. A less com- 
mon variant of concurrence. 
concurrent (kon-kur'ent), a. and n. [= F. con- 
current, n., = Sp. con'currente = Pg. It. concor- 
rente, < L. concurren(t-)s, ppr. of concurrere, run 
together, concur: see concur.] I. a. 1. Meeting 
in a point; passing through a common point. 
2. Concurring, or acting in conjunction; 
agreeing in the same act ; contributing to the 
same event or effect ; operating with ; coinci- 
dent. 
I Join with these law s the personal presence of the king's 
son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation. 
Sir J. Dane*, State of Ireland. 
The concurrent testimony of all antiquity, and of modern 
times, sufficiently confutes him. Goidtniiith, Criticisms. 
The sense of the unknown concerning the origin of things 
Is necessarily a concurrent cause of the fear which they In- 
spire. Keary, Prim. Belief, p. 23. 
3. Conjoined; joint ; concomitant; coordinate; 
combined. 
By the concurrent consent of both houses of parliament, 
the libellous petitions against him . . . were cancelled. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X II. 75. 
What sort of concurrent powers were these, which could 
not exist together? D. Webster, Supreme Court, Feb., 1824. 
Concurrent consideration, covenant. See the nouns. 
Concurrent Jurisdiction, in law, coordinate jurisdic- 
tion ; jurisdiction possessed equally by two courts, and. 
If exercised by one, not usually assumed by the other. 
Concurrent resolution, in the parliamentary law of 
Congress, a resolution adopted by l>oth Mouse and Senate, 
which, unlike a Joint resolution, does not require the 
signature of the President. Concurrent stress and 
strain, in mech., a homogeneous stress, such that the 
normal componeutof the mutual force U'tween the parts 
of the body on the twosidesof any plane whatever through 
it Is proportional to the augmentation of distance between 
