connive 
Hence 2. To wink, or refrain from looking, 
in a figurative sense, as at a culpable person 
or act ; give aid or encouragement by silence 
or forbearance ; conceal knowledge of a fault 
or wrong: followed by at (formerly sometimes 
with OH). 
But what avail'd it Eli to be himself blameless, while he 
connio'it at others that were abominable ? 
Milton, Hist. Ellg., Hi. 
Knowing they were reduced to the extremity of famine, 
he generously connired at the methods practised to supply 
them with provisions. Goldsmith, Cultivation of Taste. 
3. To be in secret complicity; have a furtive 
or clandestine understanding: folio wed by !ri<A: 
as, to connive with one in a wrongful act. [Col- 
loq. or rare.] 4f. To waive objection; act as 
if satisfied ; acquiesce : used absolutely. 
Upon the Pope's threatning to excommunicate the King, 
Thurstane entree! upon Ills Bishoprick, and the King con- 
itiri-d. Baker, Chronicles, p. 41. 
To show I am not flint, but affable, as you say, ... I 
relent, I connive, most affable Jack. 
Ford ami Dekker, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 
5f. To tamper : followed by with. 
Nor were they [statutes] ever intended to be connived 
viith iu the least syllable. 
Bp. Ilacket, Abp. Williams, 1. 178. 
II. t trans. To shut one's eyes to; wink at; 
tacitly permit. 
Divorces were not connived only, but with eye open al- 
lowed. Milton. 
connivence! (ko-ni'vens), n. Same as conni- 
I'Kiice. 
connivencyt (ko-ni'ven-si), n. 1. Connivance. 
I have conuiv'd at this, your friend and you, 
But what is got by this connivancy? 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure. 
2. In not. hist., convergence; close approach. 
Bentlium. 
Also connivancy. 
connivent (ko-m'vent), a. [= F. connivent = 
Pg. It. connivente, < L. conniven(t-)s, coniven(t-)s, 
8pr. of connivere, conivere: see connive.] If. 
onniving ; wilfully blind or tolerant. 
Justice . . . connivent, ... or, if I may so say, osci- 
tant and supine. Milton, Divorce, ii. 8. 
2. In nat. hist., having a gradually inward di- 
rection; converging; coming in contact: as, 
the connivent wings of an insect, or petals of a 
flower. In anat., specifically applied to circular folds 
of the mucous membrane of the intestine, lying in series 
along the inner wall of the tube and projecting into its 
lumen, increasing the absorbing and secreting surface : 
as, the coiinicent valves (valvulee conniventes). 
conniver (ko-m'ver), . One who connives. 
Abettors, counsellors, consenters, commenders, conni- 
vers, concealers ; each of these will be found guilty before 
God's tribunal. Junius, Slime Stigmatized (1639), p. 825. 
conniving (ko-m'ving), p. a. [Ppr. of connive, 
v] Same as connivent, 2. 
Connochaetes (kon-o-ke'tez), n. [NL. (Lich- 
tenstein) ; also improp. Connochcetes, Connoche- 
tes ; < Gr. xdwof, beard, + xat-n/, mane (NL. 
chieta, a bristle).] A genus of antilopine rumi- 
nants, represented by the wildebeest or gnu, C. 
gnu. See gnu. Also called CatoWcpas. 
connoisseur (kon-i-sur' or -ser'), n. [< F. con- 
noisseur, formerly cognoisseur, now connoisseur, 
< OF. conoisseor, connisseour, conissour, etc. 
(= Pr. conoissere, conoissedor = Sp. conocedor = 
Pg. conheccdor = It. conoscitore), < OF. conoistre, 
connoistre (connoiss-), F. connaitre (connaiss-) 
= Pr. conoscer, conoisser = Sp. conoscer (obs.), 
conocer = Pg. coiihecer = It. conoscere, know, < 
L. cognosccre, know : see cognition, cognizance, 
cognize, cognosce.'} A critical judge of any art, 
particularly of painting, sculpture, or music; 
one competent to pass a critical judgment : as, 
a connoisseur of carvings ; a connoisseur of lace. 
Your lesson learn'd, you'll be secure 
To get the name of conjtoisseur. Swift, Poetry. 
What contwixxeurs say of some pictures painted by 
Raphael in bis youth may be said of this campaign. It 
was in Frederic's early bad manner. 
Macaulay, Frederic the Great. 
The connoisseur is " one who knows," as opposed to the 
dilettant, who only "thinks that he knows." 
Fairholt, Diet. Terms of Art, p. 127. 
connoisseurship (kon-i-sur' ship or -ser'ship), 
. [< connoisseur + -ship.] The role or part 
of a connoisseur; critical judgment in matters 
of art. 
How well his connoisseurship understands 
The graceful bend, and the voluptuous swell. 
Byron, Childe Harold, iv. 53. 
Connor, . See cornier*, 1. 
connotate (kon'o-tat), v. t.; pret. and pp. con- 
notated, ppr. connotating. [< ML. *connotatus, 
pp. of connotare, connote: see connote.] To 
1200 
denote secondarily ; refer to something besides 
the object named ; imply the existence of along 
with or as correlated to the object named ; 
connote: thus, the term "father" connotates a 
"child": used especially of qualities whose ex- 
istence is implied by adjectives : distinguished 
from denotate, denote. 
Law and punishment being relations, and mutually con- 
notutiny each the other. 
Sp. Keynuldn, The Passions, p. 519 (Ord MS.). 
God's foreseeing doth not include or connotate prede- 
termining. lla>lin<o,:i!. 
connotation (kon-o-ta'shon), . [= F. conno- 
tation = Sp. connotacion = Pg. connotayao, < 
ML. "connotatio(n-), < connotare, pp. "eonnota- 
tus, connote: see connote.] 1. Secondary de- 
notation ; reference to something besides the 
object named. 
In regard to the word black, we merely annex to it the 
syllable ness ; and it is immediately indicated that all con- 
notation is dropped. James Mill, Human Mind, ix. 
2. That which constitutes the meaning of a 
word; the aggregation of attributes expressed 
by a word ; that which a word means or implies : 
distinguished from denotation. See extract, and 
connote, v. 
The more usual mode of declaring the connotation of a 
name is by predicating two or more connotative names 
which make up among them the whole connotation of 
the name to be defined, as, Man is a corporeal, organized, 
animated, rational being, shaped so and so; or we may 
employ names which connote several of the attributes at 
once, as, Man is a rational animal shaped so and so. 
J. S. Mill, Logic, I. viii. 2. 
connotative (ko-no'ta-tiv), a. [= F. connotatif 
= Sp. Pg. connotativo, < ML. connotaticus, < *con- 
notatus, pp. of connotare, connote: see connote, 
connotate] Haying the quality of connoting; 
implying an attribute while denoting a subject : 
applied to any term which connotates or con- 
notes anything, in whatever sense those verbs 
may be used. [The Latin equivalent connotatimu is 
frequent in the scholastic writers, from Alexanderof Hales, 
one of the earliest, who gives reliitiva appellatw as the 
equivalent of noiiien coniwtans, to William of Occam, who 
says : " A connotative name is that which signifies one thing 
primarily and another secondarily ; and such a name prop- 
erly has a nominal definition, . . . and frequently a part 
of that definition ought to be placed in the nominative and 
part in an oblique case, ... as with the noun white, . . . 
that whicli possesses whiteness." The word is used in this 
sense in older English writers. Several modern writers, 
as James Mill, have used it in nearly the same way ; but 
J. S. Mill's influence has established, alongside of the old 
meaning, another, used by his followers, which is defined 
in the following extract : 
A connotative term is one which denotes a subject, and 
implies an attribute. By a subject is here meant anything 
which possesses attributes. Thus John, or London, or Eng- 
land, are names which signify a subject only. Whiteness, 
length, virtue, signify an attribute only. None of these 
names, therefore, are connotative. But white, long, vir- 
tuous are connotative. The word white denotes all white 
things, aa snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and im- 
plies, or, as it was termed by the schoolmen, connotes, the 
attribute whiteness. J. S. Mill, Logic, I. ii. &.] 
Connotative being. See being. 
connote (ko-nof), v. ; pret. and pp. connoted, 
ppr. connoting. [= Sp. connotar, < ML. con- 
notare, connote, < L. com-, together, + notare, 
, 
mark, note: see note, v., and of. connotate] I. 
trans. 1. Same as connotate. 
Good, in the general sense of it, connotes also a certain 
suitableness of it to some other thing. South. 
White, in the phrase white horse, denotes two things, 
the color and the horse ; but it denotes the color prima- 
rily, the horse secondarily. We say that it notes the pri- 
mary, connotes the secondary signification. 
James Mill, Human Mind, i. 
2. To signify; mean; imply. 
It [Cosmos] denotes the entire phenomenal universe ; it 
connotes the orderly uniformity of nature, and the nega- 
tion of miracle or extraneous disturbance of any kind. 
J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 182. 
[This meaning was introduced by J. S. Hill. A word con- 
notes those attributes which its predication of a subject 
asserts that that subject possesses. But connote is now of- 
ten loosely used in such a sense that any attribute known 
to be possessed by all the objects denoted by a term is 
said to be connoted by that term. Mill discountenances 
this use of the word. 
In some cases it is not easy to decide precisely how much 
a particular word does or does not connote ; that is, we do 
not exactly know (the case not having arisen) what degree 
of difference in the object would occasion a difference in 
the name. Thus, it is clear that the word man, besides 
animal life and rationality, connotes also a certain external 
form ; but it would be impossible to say precisely what 
form ; that is, to decide how great a deviation from the 
form ordinarily found in the beings whom we are accus- 
tomed to call men would suffice in a newly discovered 
race to make us refuse them the name of man. 
J. S. Mill, Logic, I. ii. 6.] 
= Syn. Noie, Denote, Connote. See the definitions of these 
words. 
II. intrans. To have a meaning or significa- 
tion in connection with another word. 
Conocephalitidae 
Some grammarians have said that an adjective only 
connotes, and means nothing by itself. 
ll>n',h' Toolcc, Diversions of Purley, ii. 6. 
COnnotive (ko-no'tiv), a. [< connote + -ive. 
Cf. connotative.] Connoting; significant; con- 
veying the meaning, as of a word ; connotative. 
Mr. Spencer, . . . preferring to use a term connotive of 
true humility and the limitations of the human mind, 
calls this mysterious object of religious feeling " The Un- 
knowable." Pop. Set. Mo., XXVI. 407. 
connubial (ko-nu'bi-al), a. [= Sp. Pg. connu- 
bial = It. connubiale, < L. connubialis, usually 
coniibialis, < eonnubiuin, usually conubimn, mar- 
riage, < com-, co-, together, + niibere, veil, marry : 
see nubile, nuptial] Pertaining to marriage ; 
nuptial ; springing from or proper to the mar- 
ried state ; matrimonial ; conjugal. 
Nor turn'd, I ween, 
Adam from his fair siMJUse, nor Eve the rites 
Mysterious of connubial love refused. 
Milton, P. L., iv. 743. 
Contented toil, and hospitable care, 
And kind connubial tenderness are there. 
Goldsmith, Des. Vil., 1. 404. 
= Syn. Ciinjnrial, Hymeneal, etc. See matrimonial. 
COmmbiality (ko-nu-bi-al'i-ti), n. [< connubial 
+ -ity] 1. The state of being connubial. 2. 
Anything pertaining to the married state. 
With the view of stopping some slight connubialities 
which had begun to pass between Mr. and Mrs. Browdie. 
Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, xlii. 
connubially (ko-nu'bi-al-i), adv. In a connu- 
bial manner ; as man and wife. 
connudatet (kon'u-dat), r. t. [< L. com- (in- 
tensive) + nudatus, pp. of nudare, make naked, 
< nudus, naked: see nude.] To strip naked. 
Bailey. 
connumerate (ko-nu'me-rat), v. t. ; pret. and 
pp. conntimerated, ppr. connumerating. [< LL. 
conmtmeratus, pp. of connumerare (> Sp. connu- 
merar = It. connumerare), < L. com-, together, + 
numerare, number: see numerate, number, v.] 
To reckon or count conjointly, or together with 
something else. 
Ought to be connumerated or reckoned together. 
Cvdworth. 
connumeration (ko-nu-me-ra'shon), . [= Sp. 
connumeracion = It. connumerazione, < ML. con- 
numeratio(n-), < LL. connumerare, pp. connume- 
ratus, number with : see connumerate] A reck- 
oning together. 
Insisting upon the connumeration of the three persons. 
J'orsvn, To Travis, Letters, p. 225. 
connusancet (kon'u-sans), . An obsolete form 
of cognizance. 
connusantt (kon'u-sant), a. An obsolete form 
of cognizant. 
COnnusort (kon'u-sor), n. An obsolete form of 
cognizor. 
connutritious (kon-u-trish'us), a. [< con- + 
nutritious] If. Nourished or brought up to- 
gether. Coles, 1717. 2. Imbibed with one's 
nourishment ; resulting from a special kind of 
food; growing with one's growth: said espe- 
cially of diseases which are congenital or are 
contracted from a nurse. 
COnny 1 (kon'i), . Same as canny. [Prov. Eng.] 
conny' 2 t, ' An obsolete spelling of cony. 
Conocardium (ko-no-kar'dj-um), n. [NL., < 
Gr. KUVOC, a cone, + napSia = E. heart] A ge- 
nus of fossil bivalve shells, from the Silurian 
and Carboniferous 
strata of Europe and 
America, of which C. 
hibernicum is the type. 
conocarp (ko ' no- 
karp), n. [< Gr. KU- 
vof, a cone, + Kapjtof, 
fruit.] In bot., a 
fruit consisting of a 
collection of carpels 
arranged upon a con- 
ical center, as the 
blackberry. [Kare.] 
conocephalite (ko-no- 
set"a-l!t), n. A fossil 
of the genus Conoee- 
/ihnlites. 
Conocephalites (ko-no-sef-a-li'tez), . [NL. 
(Adams, 1848), < Gr. kuvof,"& cone, + KC^.TJ, 
the head, + -ites] A genus of trilobites, having 
the glabella narrowed in front, few thoracic 
rings, and moderately developed abdomen, 
made the type of a family Conoccpnulitidai. 
Conocephalitidse (ko-no-sef-a-lit'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Conocephalites 4- -idee.] A family of 
trilobites, typified by the genus Conocephalites. 
Also written Conocephalidce. 
Conocardium 
