ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a., adj. adjective. 
bbr. abbreviation. 
nbl ablative. 
ace accusative-. 
iiccoin accommodated, accom- 
inodation. 
act. active. 
adv. adverb. 
AF Anglo-French. 
agrt agriculture. 
AL. Anglo- Latin. 
alg algebra. 
Amu American. 
anat anatomy. 
MII.-. ancient. 
antlq antiquity. 
aor aorist. 
appar apparently. 
Ar Arabic. 
aroh architecture. 
archaiol archwology. 
arlth arithmetic. 
art. article. 
AS Anglo-Saxon. 
astrol astrology. 
astroii astronomy. 
attrib attributive. 
aug augmentative. 
Bav Bavarian. 
Beng Bengali. 
biol biology. 
Bohem Bohemian. 
hot. : . . . botany. 
Brat Brazilian. 
Bret. Breton. 
bryol bryology. 
Bulg Bulgarian. 
carp carpentry. 
Cat Catalan. 
Cath Catholic. 
cans. causative. 
ceram .ceramics. 
cf. L. coi\fer t compare. 
oh church. 
Chal Chaldee. 
chem chemical, chemistry. 
Chin Chinese. 
chron chronology. 
colloq colloquial, colloquially. 
com commerce, commer- 
cial. 
romp composition, com- 
pound. 
compar. comparative. 
conch conchology. 
conj conjunction. 
contr contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Corn Cornish. 
craniol cranlology. 
craniom craniometry. 
crystal crystallography. 
D. Dutch. 
Dan Danish. 
dat dative. 
def. definite, definition. 
deriv derivative, derivation. 
dial dialect, dialectal. 
did different. 
dim diminutive. 
distrib distributive. 
dram dramatic. 
dynam dynamics. 
E. East. 
E, F,tlffl\*]}(tlinlf>/ inriiH- 
ing modern English). 
eccl., ecclea. .... ecclesiastical. 
econ economy. 
e. g. L. exempli gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt Egyptian. 
E. lud East Indian. 
elect. electricity. 
embryol embryology. 
Eng English. 
engln engineering. 
i hi'. in entomology. 
Epls Episcopal. 
equlv equivalent. 
esp. especially. 
Eth. Ethloplc. 
cthnog ethnography. 
ethnol ethnology. 
etym etymology. 
Eur European. 
exclam exclamation. 
f., fern feminine. 
F French (usually mean- 
ing modern French). 
Flem Kli-iiiish. 
fort fortlfluatlon. 
freq frequentative. 
Fries Frieslc. 
fut future. 
O Oermtat(usuallymcan- 
ing New High Ger- 
man). 
Gael Gaelic. 
galr galvanism. 
gen genitive. 
geog. geography. 
geol geology. 
geom geometry. 
Goth Gothic (Mresogothlc). 
Or Greek. 
gram grammar. 
gun gunner}'. 
Heb Hebrew. 
her. heraldry. 
herpet herpetology. 
Hind Hindustani. 
hist history. 
horol horology. 
hort horticulture. 
Hung Hungarian. 
hydraul hydraulics. 
hydros. hydrostatics. 
Icel. Icelandic (usually 
meaning Old Ice- 
landic, ot hf-neigf call- 
ed Old Norse). 
chth ichthyology. 
. e L. id ml, that is. 
mpers impersonal. 
mpf Imperfect. 
mpv imperative, 
mprop improperly. 
Ind Indian. 
ind Indicative. 
Indo-Enr Indo-European. 
Indef Indefinite. 
Inf Infinitive. 
instr instrument:]!. 
interj interjection. 
nitr. intrans. . . . intransitive. 
Ir Irish. 
irreg irregular, Irregularly. 
It. Italian. 
Jap Japanese. 
I. Latin (itxi'iiltif mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett Lettish. 
L( i Low German. 
llchenol llchenology. 
lit literal, literally. 
lit literature. 
Llth Lithuanian. 
lithog lithography. 
lithol lithology. 
LL. Lute Latin. 
m., masc masculine. 
M Middle. 
mach machinery. 
mammal mammalogy. 
mannf manufacturing. 
math mathematics. 
Ml) Middle Dutch. 
ME Middle English (other- 
iriw called Old Eng- 
lish). 
rm-rli. merlianlcs, mechani- 
cal. 
med medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
metaph metaphysics. 
meteor. meteorology. 
Mex Mexican. 
MGr. Middle Greek, medic- 
val Greek. 
MUG Middle High German. 
milit military. 
mineral mineralogy. 
ML. Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLG Middle Low German. 
mod modern. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
n. . r i .-i 1 1 neuter. 
N New. 
N North. 
N. Amer. North America. 
nat natural. 
n:i nt nautical. 
nav navigation. 
NGr New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(usually simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modem 
Latin. 
nom nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
numis numismatics. 
O Old. 
obs obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (other- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD. Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF Old French. 
OFleni Old Flemish. 
OGael Old Gaelic. 
OHO Old High German. 
Olr Old Irish. 
Olt Old Italian. 
OL. Old Latin. 
OLO Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian. 
OPntss Old Prussian. 
orig original, originally. 
ornith ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteol osteology. 
OSw Old Swedish. 
OTeut Old Teutonic. 
p. a. participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass. passive. 
pathol pathology. 
pert. perfect. 
Pers. Persian. 
pers person. 
persp perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
Phen Phenician. 
phtlol philology. 
phllos. philosophy. 
phonog phonography. 
photog photography. 
plircn |ilirciiology. 
pbys physical. 
physiol physiology. 
pl.,plur plural. 
l>n. t poetical. 
polit political. 
Pol Polish. 
po possessive. 
pp past participle. 
ppr present participle. 
Pr. Provencal (usually 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres. present. 
prct preterit 
priv privative. 
pi oli. probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop properly. 
pros prosody. 
Prot Protestant 
prov provincial. 
psychol psychology. 
q. v L. quod (or pi. qua) 
vide, which see. 
refl reflexive. 
reg regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
Russ. Russian. 
8. South. 
S. Amer South American. 
so L. trilirel, understand, 
supply. 
Sc Scotch. 
Scand Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic. 
Sp. Spanish. 
subj subjunctive. 
superl superlative. 
surg surgery. 
sun' surveying. 
Sw Swedish. 
yn synonymy. 
Syr. Syriac. 
technol technology. 
teleg telegraphy. 
teratol teratology. 
term termination. 
Tent Teutonic. 
theat theatrical. 
theoL theology. 
therap therapeutics. 
toxicol toxicology. 
tr., trans. .... .transitive. 
trigon trigonometry. 
Turk Turkish. 
typog typography. 
nit ultimate, ultimately. 
v verb. 
vmr variant 
vet veterinary. 
T. L intransitive verb, 
v. t transitive verb. 
W. Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach Wallachlan. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
xoogeog. zoogeography. 
zool. (oology. 
toot rootoray. 
