conscience 
Man, a* conscious .f his liberty to net, and of the law 
by which Ills actions might I" ! nnlatod, recognizes his 
personal accoiintaliiliU , anil <-:il! hun-i -It IM i.ii- the in 
tlTlllll tribunal Winch we ileniHIlinal Mi ir 
hr is either aci|iiiiiiii Hi r ..... l.-mncil. The acquittal is 
connected witti a peculiar feeliim of pleasurable cxulta- 
linn, as (In- i ..lull MiMaTliin uith :i pcriiliai Ir.-jin- of pain 
fill hnmiliat ion reiimrse. .SVr H'. Ili<,,,ilti.u 
4. Moral sense; scrupulosity; conformity to 
one's own sense of right in conduct, or to that 
of the community. 
Tht'i haii .urct ' 'onwii "'' , ami holileti it fora gret Synne, 
l" easten a Knvl in the Ku)T, an<l for to ilrawe Flessche 
out of ii 1'ot with a Knyf. Mandrrille, Travels, p. 249. 
Mr hail, against ritrht and ctinwii'iicf, by shameful treach- 
ery intnnlcil himself into another man s kingdom. 
A/MI//. -. HiBt. Turks. 
5f. Tender feeling ; pity. 
Al \\as i'iniK'-ii M.V antl U'lidre herte. 
Chaucer, (ien. Pro!. to C. T., 1. 150. 
6f. Same as breastplate, 4. 7f. A bellarmine. 
Like a larger ju- that Koine melt call 
A liellaruiiiu', but we a conscience.. 
1C. Cartirriyht, The Ordinary. 
A bad conscience, a reproving conscience. A clean 
or clear conscience, a conscience void of reproach, A 
good conscience, an approving conscience. Case Of 
conscience, a ^noMotl as to what ought to be done in a 
given case or under given circnmstunces ; n problem In 
casuistry. 
A man will pretend to be perplexed with a cane of con- 
science, when really he is wishing to make out that some 
general rule of conduct does not apply to him, because 
its fulfilment would cause him trouble, or because It con- 
flicts with some passion which he wishes to indulge. 
T. II. Ureen, Prolegomena to Ethics, 314. 
Conscience Clause, a clause or article Inserted in an 
ait or law involving religious matters, which specially 
relieves persons who have conscientious scruples against 
joining or being present in religious services or acts, as in 
takitig judicial oaths, or having their children present at 
schools during religions service. Conscience money, 
money paid to relieve the conscience, as money sent to the 
public treasury in payment of a tax which has previously 
been evaded, or money paid to atone for some act of dis- 
honesty previously concealed. - Court of conscience, a 
court established for the recovery of small debts in Lon- 
don and other British trading cities and districts. In all 
conscience, most certainly ; in all reason and fairness. 
IColloq.] 
Half a dozen fools are, in all conscience, as many as you 
should require. Swift. 
In conscience, (a) In justice; in honesty; in truth; in 
reason. 
Dost thou in conscience think tell me, Emilia 
That there be women do abuse their husbands 
In such gross kind '.' Shak., Othello, iv. 3. 
What you require cannot, in conscience, be deferred. 
Milton. 
(b) Most certainly ; assuredly. 
We have but a few days longer to stay here ; too little 
I'M conscience for such a place. Gray, Letters, I. 83. 
To free one's conscience. See free. To make a mat- 
ter of conscience, to consider from a conscientious 
point of view; net in regard to as conscience dictates: 
as. to null.'' ilaih c\erci-c n nmtl.r 1,1 cr.HvflVwv. To 
make conaclencet, to act according to the dictates of 
conscience ; do what is required by one's sense of right 
ami wrong. 
Troth I do make conscience of vexing thee now In the 
dog-days. B. Jonsan, Bartholomew Fair, 11. 1. 
There is no eniweience to b? made in the kind or nature 
of the meat being flesh or fish. 
r, in/ Council (Arber's Eng. (lamer, I. 302). 
Children are travellers newly arrived in a strange coun- 
try ; we should therefore make conscience not to deceive 
them. Locke. 
COnscienced (kon'shenst), a. [< conscience + 
Having conscience. 
. [< 
[Ra 
re.] 
Voting conscienc'd casuists. 
.s'i> '. Davtnant, Goudilrert, ii. 7. 
I would be understood, not onely an Allower, but an 
humble Petitioner, that ignorant and tender coiueienced 
Anabaptists may have due time and means of conviction. 
X. Ward, .Simple Cooler, p. 15. 
conscienceless (kon'shens-les), a. [< consrienre 
+ -lens. ] Having no conscience; free from or 
not marked by conscientious scruples. 
Contcii 'in-i'li . and nicked patrons, of which sort the 
swarm are too great in the Church of England. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. $ 24 (Ord .Ms.). 
That has never been paralleled in all the history of your 
r*i.vriVmv/t'*x partisanship. '/'//. A,/n i ii-itn. \lll.:m;. 
conscience-smitten (kon ' shens - smit ' n), n. 
Smitten by conscience or remorse. 
conscient fkon'shieut), a. [= P. conscient, < L. 
cini.-ti -ic>i(t-)x, ppr. of coHscirr, know well: see 
I'm/science.] Conscious. [Rare.] 
Conscient to himself that he played his part well. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning. 
The most complex m nn-l, nt a. Is. 
Alii-n. iiml Xi'iiml., VI. MKI. 
Conscientious (kon-si-en'shus), ft. [= F. cnii- 
*<!< 'licit n jr 1'if. council iH'iosii It ci>i'i(>i~io*n. 
< MIj. r()w.vci>'/('(i.sH.v, < Ij. mnxrii tit in, eonscielice : 
see cniixcicniT.] If. Conscious. 
1203 
The heretlck, guilty and conscientious to himself of re- 
futahlllt.v. H hillock. Manners of English People, p. 141. 
2. Controlled by conscience; governed by a 
strict regard to the dictates of conscience, or 
by the known or supposed rules of right and 
wrong : as, ;i i'im.-<cii ntiinin judge. 
It is the good and Muoientious man chiefly, that is un- 
easy and dissatisfied witli himself; always ready to con - 
ilium his own imperfections, and to suspect his own sin- 
cerity, upon the slightest occasions. 
Bf. Attrrburii, Sermons, II. xv. 
3. Regulated by conscience ; according to the 
dictates of conscience; springing from con- 
science : as, a conscien tiotis scruple. 
It was a worldly repentance, not a conscientious. 
Milton, Eikonoklastes, II. 
Lead a life in so conscientious a probity. 
>Vi II. L' Kit range. 
Syn. 2 and 3. Scrupulous, exact, careful, faithful, up- 
right, honest, honorable, righteous. 
conscientiously (kon-gi-en'shus-li), adv. In a 
conscientious manner; according to the dic- 
tates of conscience ; with a strict regard to 
right and wrong. 
If the conscience happens to lie deluded, sin does not 
therefore cease to lie sin, because a man committed it eon- 
xcientiouxly. South. 
conscientiousness (kon-gi-en'shus-nes), n. 
The quality of being conscientious; a scru- 
pulous regard to the decisions of conscience ; 
strict adherence to the principles of right con- 
duct. 
There were the high Christian graces, conscientiousnrtt 
such as few kings are able or dare to display on the throne, 
which never swerved either through ambition or policy 
from strict rectitude. Milman, Latin Christianity, xi. 1. 
conscionable (kon'shon-a-bl), a. [Irreg. formed 
(in Elizabeth's reign) from consciemx; as if for 
'eonscienwablc, < conscience + -We.] If. Gov- 
erned by conscience ; conscientious. 
<''"". Bee, sir. your mortgage, which I only took 
In case you and your son had in the ware 
Miscarried : I yield it up again ; 'tis yours. 
Cos. Are you so conscionable > 
Beau, and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 2. 
A knave very voluble ; no further conscittnable than in 
putting on the mere form of civil and humane seeming. 
5/io*., Othello, If. 1. 
Let mercers then have conscionable. thumbs when they 
measure out that smooth glittering dtvil, satin. 
Muidleton, The Black Book. 
2. Conformable to conscience ; consonant with 
right or duty ; proper; just. [Most common in 
the negative. See unconscionable.] 
I should speak of Poniroy of Northampton . . . who, 
on the 17th of June, 1775, dismounted and passed Charles- 
town Neck, on his way to Bunker Hill, on foot, in the 
mills! ni a shower of balls, because he did not think itcoii- 
tcionable to ride General Ward's horse, which he had bor- 
rowed. Everett, Orations, I. 394. 
conscionableness (kon'shon-a-bl-nes), n. The 
character of being conscionable ; rightfulness; 
equity; fairness. [Rare.] 
cqnscionablyt (kon'shon-a-bli), adv. Conscien- 
tiously ; according to conscience. 
Tills duty you both may the more willingly, and ought 
the more conscionably to perform. 
John Bobinsttu, in New England's Memorial, p. 28. 
conscionaryt, . An erroneous spelling of con- 
cionary. 
conscious (kon'shus), . [ae Pg. It. conscio, < 
L. ciu>ciu#, knowing, aware, < conscire, be con- 
scious, know: see conscience."] 1. In the state 
of a waking as distinguished from that of a 
sleeping person or an inanimate thing ; in the 
act of feeling, or endowed with feeling, in the 
broadest sense of the word. 
When the dread trumpet sounds, the slumbering dust, 
Not unattentive to the call, shall wake. 
. . . Nor shall the conscious soul 
Mistake it* partner. Blair, The Grave, 1. 755. 
The moment the first trace of conscious intelligence is 
introduced, we have a set of phenomena which material- 
ism can in no wise account for. 
J. Fiskc, Evolutionist, p. 282. 
2. Attributing, or capable of attributing, one's 
sensations, cognitions, etc., to one's self; aware 
of the unity of self in knowledge ; aware of 
one's self; self-conscious. 
This self of the " inner state," of which, according to 
Kant, we are conscious, is only known as a phenomenon, 
and cannot (as indeed nothing can, according to his sys- 
tem) lie known as it is in itself. 
S. Porter, Human Intellect, 80. 
3. Having one's feelings directed toward one's 
self ; embarrassed by one's feelings about one's 
own person, and by the sense of Deing observ- 
ed and criticized by others. 
The contciout water saw its God and blushed. 
R. Criultn'r, Epigrams. 
A large, handsome man I remember him. a little con 
Ar/'./i/x in his bearing, but courteous, hospitable, and open- 
handed. T. U'iHthrop. Cecil Dreeme, ix. 
consciousness 
4. Present to consciousness; known or perceiv- 
ed as existing in one's self; felt: as, conscious 
guilt. 
When they list, into the womb 
That bred them they return, and howl and gnaw 
My bowels, their repast ; then, bursting forth 
Afresh, with conscious terrours vex me round, 
That rest or intermission none I find. 
Milton, P. L., U. 801. 
The ingratitude of the world can never deprive us of the 
conscious happiness of having acted with humanity our- 
selves. Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, Hi. 
The conscious thrill of shame. .W. Arnold, Isolation. 
5. Aware of an object ; perceiving, (a) Aware of 
an internal object; aware of a thought, feeling, or volition. 
Let us retire Into ourselves, and become conscious of 
our own nature and of its high destination. 
t'luiiinin'i. Perfect Life, p. 18. 
To say that I am cotutcious of a feeling is merely to say 
that I feel it. To have a feeling Is to lie conscious, and to 
be conscious is to have a feeling. To lie conscious of the 
prick of a pin U merely to have the sensation. 
.In ni' * Mill, Human Mind, v. 
When he (Augustus L'Ksarl died, he desired hi* friends 
about him to give him a plaudito, as if he were conscious 
to In ni.-: It that he had played his part well upon the stage. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, 11. 
A tenderness which he was conscious that he had not 
merited. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxil. 
(fc) Aware of an external object : a less correct use of the 
term : followed in either use by of or Unit , formerly by to 
or to one'* self that. 
Were not two of the Jesuits who were conscious of the 
Plot [conspiracy] preferred afterwards at Koine ? 
Stillinffjleet, Sermons, II. 11. 
Slowly and contcuiu* of the raging eye 
That watch'd him . . . 
Went I.eolin Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 
6. Aware of some element of character as be- 
longing to one's self. 
Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised 
Above his fellows, with monarchal pride, 
Conscious of highest worth, unmoved thus spake. 
Milton, P. L., Ii. 429. 
= Syn. To be Sensible or Conscious, etc. (see feel). A ware, 
Conscious. Aware refers commonly to objects of percep- 
tion outside of ourselves ; conscious, to objects of percep- 
tion within us ; as, to become atrar* of the presence of a 
stranger ; to lie quite atcare of the danger of one's situa- 
tion; to become conscious of a pain in one's eye. Aware 
indicates perception without feeling; conscious, generally 
recognition with some degree of feeling, 
consciously (kou'shus-li), adt. In a conscious 
manner ; with knowledge or intention. 
If these perceptions, with their consciousness, always 
remained present in the mind, . . . the same thinking 
thing would be always consciously present. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. \\vii. 10. 
All the advantages to which I have adverted are such 
as the artist did not consciously produce. Kinermn, Art. 
consciousness (kon'shus-nes), H. 1. The state 
of being conscious ; the act or state of mind 
which distinguishes a waking from a sleeping 
person ; the state of being aware of one's men- 
tal acts or states. 
Consciousness is the perception of what passes in a man's 
own mind. Locke, Human Understanding, II. I. 19. 
I'onseioiisiifits is thus, on the one hand, the recognition 
by the mind or "ego " of its acts and affections in other 
words, the self-affirmation that certain modifications are 
known by me and that these modifications are mine. 
Sir W. Hamilton, Metxph., xl. 
We can imagine consciousness without self-conscious- 
ness, still more without introspection, much as we can 
imagine sight without taste or smell. 
J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 37. 
Consciousness is briefly defined as the power by which 
the soul knows Its own act* and states. 
A'. Porter, Human Intellect, i 67. 
Specifically 2. Self-consciousness (which 
see). 
Since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it 
is that that makes every one to be what he calls " self," 
and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking 
things ; in this alone consists personal identity. 
Locke. Human Understanding, II. xxvii. 9. 
3. Perception; thought; intellectual action in 
general. 
Contcunumess is a comprehensive term for the comple- 
ment of all our cognitive energies. Sir W. Hamilton. 
Though consciousness should cease, the physicist would 
consider the sum total of ohjecte to remain the same ; the 
orange would still be round, yellow, and fragrant as liefore. 
J. Want. Encyc. lirit.. XX. 88. 
4. A general phase of thought and feeling : as, 
the moral consciousness ; the religious conscious- 
ness. 
I had read of the British tramp, but I had neyer yet en- 
countered him, and I brought my historic consciousness to 
liear upon the present specimen. 
B. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 31. 
In the course of the tenth century ... a faint con- 
Kiovsness of distinct national life was felt in Italy, Ger- 
many, France, and England. 
C. E. Xortou. Church-building in Middle Ages, p. C. 
Unlike the ordinary consciousness, the religions m- 
sciousness is concerned with that which lies lieyond the 
sphere of sense. H. Spencer, Pop. s i MO.. XXIV. 340. 
