console-table 
which the top projects fin- lii-yonil tln> It-j-s, and 
seems to be supported oy small consoles which 
spring from them. 
consolidat (kon-Hol'i-dii), a. [LL. ML., < L. 
iiri-. niiikc solid : see consolidate, i\, and 
il. ] A name formerly given to the com- 
t'rey mill other plants. See riiiixinuut. 
consolidant (kon-sori-daut), </. and n. [= F. 
i-onxnliilniit, < \.. <-iiiixnliiliiii(t-)x, ppr. of coiixuli- 
iliin. consolidate: see coitmiliilati; r.] I. . 
Tending to consolidate or make firm; specifi- 
cally, in mi'il., having the property of uniting 
wounds or forming new tlesli. [Kare.] 
II. n. A medicine given for the purpose of 
consolidating wounds or strengthening cica- 
trices. 
consolidate (kon-sol'i-dit), . ; pret. and pp. 
coHxoiidnii'il, ppr. consolidating. [< L. ootUMf- 
iliilim, pp. of cinmolidare (> F. coiisolider (> D. 
ron.iolidcri'H = <!. fiinxnlidin -11 = 1 Ian. 1,'nnxiili- 
dere), OF. consodcr = Pr. consoldar, eousolidar 
= Sp. Pg. consolidar = It. consolidare), make firm 
or solid, condense, (. com-, together, soliitun , 
make solid, < solidus, solid: see solid.] I. trans. 
1. To make solid or firm; vmite, compress, or 
pack together and form into a more compact 
mass, body, or system ; make dense or coherent. 
lie fixed and consolidated the earth ulx>ve the waters. 
T. liurnet, Theory of the Earth. 
It's [a cistern's] Wall is of no better a material than 
i:c:ivcl anil small Pebles, but consolidated with so strong 
and tenacious a cement, that it seems to be all one entire 
vessel of Rock. Mauntlrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 51. 
2. To bring together and unite firmly into one 
mass or body; cause to cohere or cleave to- 
gether : as, to consolidate the forces of an army, 
or materials into a compound body. 
A large number of companies were formed, which were 
subsequently consolidated into . . . the Philadelphia Com- 
pany. Xew York Tribune, March 1, 1888. 
Spain thought it not for her interest that the American 
states should consolidate their union. 
l-aim-fnfl. Hist. Const., I. 74. 
Used specifically (a) in miry., of uniting the parts of a 
broken bone or the lips of a wound by means of applica- 
tions [now rare] ; (It) in li'<ri*lation, of combining two or 
more acts into one ; (<0 in /'" . of combining two or more 
actions, corporations, or benetlces into one ; (d) in finance, 
of uniting different sources of public revenue intoasingle 
fund, or different evidences of public debt into a single 
class (see citnxolidated). = 8yn. To combine, compact, con- 
dense, compress. 
TT. intrans. To grow firm and compact ; coa- 
lesce and become solid : as, moist clay consoli- 
dates by drying. 
II urts and ulcers of the head require it (desiccation] not ; 
but contrariwise dryness maketh them mure apt to con- 
solidate. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 785. 
consolidate (kon-sol'i-dat), a. [< L. consoli- 
dntus, pp. : see the verb.] Formed into a solid 
mass or system. [Poetical.] 
All experience past 1>ecame 
Consolidate, in mind and frame. 
Tennyson, Two Voices. 
consolidated (kou-sol'i-da-ted), p. a. [Pp. of 
consolidate, <.] 1. Made solid, hard, or com- 
pact ; united. 
It was during the wars of the Israelites in David's time, 
that they passed from the state of separate tribes into the 
state of a consolidated ruling nation. 
//. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., $ 451. 
2. In hot., same as adnatc. 3. See extract, 
and consolidation locomo tire, under consolidation. 
The locomotive was one of the heaviest kind, known as 
a ntnH<ili<lnt<''l engine, having four drive-wheels on u side, 
and weighing 100.000 pounds. Sri. Amrr., N. .S., I.VI. 3. 
Consolidated bonds. SIT boiun . Consolidated funds, 
in Kitfi. hif<t. : (n) The revenue or income uf Great Britain 
and Ireland, formerly collected and considered as separate 
funds, according as they were derived from taxation, crown 
lands, etc., but by statutes of Parliament, especially one 
of 1816, united or consolidated into one, ami charged first 
with the interest on the public debt and the civil list, anil 
then with the other expenses of the kingdom. (b) Con- 
solidated annuities. See corwofx. (c) Consolidated threes. 
SIT MHMift 
consolidation (kou-sol-i-da'shon), n. [= F. 
niiixolidation = Pr. conxolidacio = Sp. consolidit- 
rinn = Pg. coHSolida^So = It. ronxolidaziont, < 
LL. eontoUdntiofn-), < L. cotixolidnre, pp. con- 
solidat us, make firm, consolidate: see consoli- 
date, r.] 1. The act of making or the process 
of becoming solid, firm, or stable ; the act of 
forming into a more firm or compact mass, 
body, or system. 
The c:>t!*li'litiiuii of the marble did nut fall out at ran- 
dom. W'Mtdirard, Kssay towards a Nat. Hist, uf the Kartii. 
There was a powerful opposition to the adoption of the 
constitution of the 1'nited States. It originated in the 
apprehension that it would lead to tile <-nxolidatwn of 
all power in the government of the Vniicd states : nut- 
withstanding the defeat of the national party in the con- 
vention. Calhoun, Works, I. 247. 
IL'1 I 
Ttif lung has IK-I-II reinlt-rTil soliil . . . liy pneumonic 
ri,n*'>/i:i,iiii,i,. . Mi-ii. Di.-t., p. as:). 
2. The act of bringing together and uniting 
several particulars, details, or parts into one 
body or whole. 
The gradual establishment of law by the consolittnt;<:n 
of custom is the formation of something fixed in the midst 
of tilings that are changing. //. Spencer. 
3f. The act of confirming or ratifying; con- 
firmation; ratification. 
He first olfcrcd a league to Henry VII., and for coiuoli- 
ihciTi.l liis dauulitcr Margaret. 
Lortt Uerbert, Hen. VIII., p. 11. 
4. Ill civil laic, the uniting of the possession or 
profit of land with the property. 5. In /'</.< 
feudal law, the reunion of the property with 
the superiority, after they have been feudally 
disjoined. 6. In hot., same as adnation con- 
solidation acts, the name given to act* of the British 
Parliament which embody such clauses as are common to 
all the particular acts affecting any class of undertakings, 
in order to obviate the necessity of repeating these clauses 
in each individual act. Thus, there are the Railways 
clauses Conft<>lttiti:>ti Art, the Lands Clauses Consolidation 
Act, tile ( 'i mi panics I Manses l'"/i*<ili<t<iti<>n .!</, etc. - Con- 
solidation locomotive, a type of locomotive for draw- 
ing heavy freight-trains: so called from the name of the 
first one, made In 1SC6 for the Lehigh Valley railroad. It 
had cylinders 20" x 24", four pairs of 48" diameter driving- 
wheels, and its weight was 00,000 pounds, of which all but 
10,000 was on the ill ivia- \vln els. K. II. Knight.- Con- 
solidation (or consolidating) of actions, the merging 
of two or more actions together by a court or a judge. 
This ls done for economy of time and expense when two 
or more actions are brought by the same plaintiff, at the 
same time, against the same defendant, for causes of ac- 
tion which might have been joined In the same action. 
consolidationist (kon-sol-i-da'shon-ist), n. [< 
consolidation + -ist,] One who favors consoli- 
dation, as of the parts of an empire or a politi- 
cal system. 
consolidative (kon-sol'i-da-tiv), a, [< consoli- 
date + -rc.] Tending to consolidate; specifi- 
cally, in med., tending to heal wounds. 
consolidator (kon-sol'i-da-tor), . [< LL. con- 
solidator, < L. consolidare, pp. consolidate, 
make firm : see consolidate, u.J 1. One who or 
that which consolidates. Athena-um. 2. Spe- 
cifically, in pottery-making, an assemblage of 
strainers for straining slip. 
consolidature (kon-sol'i-da-tur), n. [< consoli- 
date -t- -ure.] Saine as consolidation. Bailey. 
consols (kon'solz or kon-solz'), n. pi. [Contr. 
of consolidated annuities."} Government securi- 
ties of Great Britain, including a large part of 
the public debt, the full name of which is "the 
three per cent, consolidated annuities." The 
consols originated in the consolidation of a great variety 
of public securities, chiefly in the form of annuities, into 
a single stock and at a uniform rate of 3 per cent., under 
an act of Parliament of 1751, the name being retained for 
all securities of the same form since issued. The prlnci* 
pal is payable only at the pleasure of the government. 
They are also called "consolidated threes," and other 
nearly related stocks of smaller amount are known as "re- 
duced threes" and " new threes." 
A further economy and actual profit would be effected 
if the "clearing" were made, as among the Scotch banks, 
by transfers of consols. Edinburgh Kef., CLXIV. 21. 
consomme (kon-so-ma'), n. [F., lit. consum- 
mate, perfect, pp. of consommer, < L. eonsuin- 
inare, make perfect: see consummate, r. The 
F. verb is partly confused with consumer, < L. 
roHxumere, consume : see consume.] A strong, 
clear soup, containing the nutritive proper- 
ties of the meat, extracted by long and slow 
cooking. 
consonance (kon ' so - nans), M. [= F. roiixn- 
nance, con-sonnance, OF. consonance , consonnance, 
also coiisonancie, consonnancie (>E. consonancy), 
= Pr. Sp. Pg. consonancia = It. consonama, < L. 
consonantia, < conson<in(t-)s, ppr., agreeing in 
sound: see consonant and -ance.) 1. Accord 
or agreement of sounds; specifically, in music, 
a simultaneous combination of two tones that 
is, by itself, both agreeable and final in effect. 
The perfect consonances are the unison, the octave, the 
fifth, and the fourth ; the imperfect are the major and 
minor thirds and the major and minor sixths. The effect 
of consonances is due to the simplicity of the ratio be- 
tween the viliratiini-numl)ers of their constituent tones. 
Tims, the ratio of the unison is | ; of the octave, f ; of the 
fifth, i ; of the fourth, t ; of the major sixth, | ; of the 
major third, } ; of the minor third, | ; of the minor sixth, 
f>. Also calleil fmi'-'in! . 
The two principal conwiiance* that most ravish the ear 
are, by the consent of all nature, the fifth and the octave. 
S'ir //. Wotton. 
The cases . . . where the prime of one compound tone 
coincides with one of the partials of the other, may be 
termed absolute conxonanfe*. 
z. Sensation* of Tone (trans.), II. 284. 
consonantal 
of opinions among judges ; the mmainaiirt' 
of a ritual to the Scriptures. 
\\ imls and water* flow'd 
In consonance. ll>->in*on, .Spring, I. L'. 1. 
3. The sympathetic vibration of a sonorous 
body, as a piano-string, when another of the 
same pitch is sounded near it. 
consonancy (kon'so-nau-si), . [< OF. i-iin- 
XIHHIIICII-, rinutonnancif, var. of cunxininnri; etc. : 
see consonance.] Same as consonance. 
A girl of fifteen, one bred up 1* the court, 
That by all connonancy of reason U like 
To crow your estate. 
Middletun, Anything for a ynict Life, L 1. 
consonant (kon'so-nant), a. and n. [I. a. = F. 
consonant, consonnant, OF. consonant, conson- 
nant, conxunant = 8p. Pg. It. consonante,(. L. con- 
sonan(t-)s, sounding together, agreeing. II. . 
= D. Dan. 8w. konsonant=: G. consonant = 8p. 
It. consonants = Pg. consoante (cf. F. consonur, 
< L. consona, fern, of eonsonus : see consonous), 
< L. consonan(t-)s (sc. littera, letter), a conso- 
nant, a letter sounding together with a vowel, or 
heard only in connection with a vowel (an im- 
perfect description) : ppr. of consonare, pp. con- 
xonatus, sound together, agree, < com-, together, 
+ sonare, sound : see sound", sonant, and cf. 
assonant, dissonant, resonant.} I. a. 1. Sound- 
ing together ; agreeing in sound ; specifically, 
in music, having an agreeable and complete or 
final effect : said of a combination of sounds. 
In order that a chord produced by three or more notes 
may be consonatit, it is necessary that the different notes 
that compose it bear, in respect of the number per second 
of their vibrations, simple ratios, not only to the funda- 
mental note but also to each other. 
Blaserna, Theory of Sound, p. lOL 
2. Having or emitting like sounds. [Bare.] 
Our bards . . . hold Agnominations and enforcing of 
consonant Words or Syllables one upon the other to be 
the greatest Elegance. ftotcell, Letters, I. i. 40. 
3. Harmonious; agreeing; congruous; con- 
sistent: followed generally by to, sometimes 
by with : as, this rule is consonant to Scripture 
and reason. 
'/'" the nature of the mind of all men it is coiuonaiit for 
the affirmative or active to affect more than the negative 
or privative. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 226. 
He was consonant with himself to the last. 
Goldsmith, Bolingbroke. 
Negotiation, however, was more consonant to his habit- 
ual policy. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., u. 1. 
4. [Attrib. use of noun.] Consisting of or re- 
lating to consonants ; consonantal. 
No Russian whose dissonant consonant name 
Almost shatters to fragment* the trumpet of feme. 
Moore, Twopenny Postbag. 
Consonant chord < >r harmony, a chord or harmony con- 
taining only consonances. Also called concordant chortl 
or haniumii.- Consonant Interval. See consonance, 1. 
-Consonant terms, in loyic, terms which can be pred- 
icated of the same subject. 
II. . An alphabetic element other than a 
vowel ; one of the closer, less resonant and con- 
tinuable, of the sounds making up a spoken 
alphabet ; an articulate utterance which is com- 
bined, to form a syllable, with another opener 
Utterance called a vowel. Consonant* are the closer, 
and vowels the opener, of the sounds that make up the 
alphabetic scale or system of a language. But there is 
no absolute line of distinction between the two classes ; 
and the openest of the consonants may be and are used as 
vowels also. Thus, the same {-sound Is consonant in "/<- 
I'lji. and vowel in apjtle ; n is consonant in burned, but 
vowel in burden; and In some languages, as Sanskrit and 
Polish, r is much used as a vowel. On the other hand, 
.>/ and ic are hardly, if at all, distinguishable from . and 
oo. Such consonants, as standing near the boundary be- 
tween consonant and vowel, are often called setni-rmcrlt 
(also liquids). According to their degree of closeness, con- 
sonants are divided into mutes (or stops, or checks, or ex- 
plosioes\ as b and p, which Involve a complete cutting otf 
of the passage of the breath ; /ricatirei (spirant* and sibi- 
lants, etc.), as th and dh (TH), / and c, s and z, in which a 
rustling or friction of the breath through a nearly closed 
position of the organs Is the conspicuous element ; natal*. 
as n, in, and n;r, accompanied with admission of the in- 
tonated breath to the nose and its resonance there ; and 
semi-vowel or liquid sounds, as already illustrated. Ac- 
cording to the organs used in producing them, they are 
divided Into labials, made with the lips, as p, b,f, , m; 
dentals or lin<nials, made with the tip of the tongue at or 
near the teeth, as t, d, th, dh (Tit), n; palatals or guttur- 
als, made with the back of the tongue, as k, g, ng ; and 
some languages have various other classes. Then, accord- 
ing as they are made with simple breath, or with breath 
vocalized or made sonant in the larynx, they are divided 
into surd or breathed, as p, f,/, t, etc., and sonant or voiced 
or vocal as b, d, r, z, etc. (sometimes wrongly distinguished 
as hard and soft, as strong and ireak, as sharp &m\Jtat, 
and so on). See these various terms, and syllable. 
consonantal (kon'so-nan-tal). a. [< consonant 
+ -/.] Relating to or of the nature of a eon- 
sonant. 
2. A state of agreement or accordance; con- 
grnityj harmony; consistency: as, the conso- 
lyrical eii.ct. 
stedman, Viet. Poeta, p. 808. 
