constellation 
Hcar-keeper or Plowman). Corona liorealis (the Noithern 
Crown). Hen-uh-s (hi the onuinal the Man Kneeling'), l.yra 
(Hi- 1 1 ;ii p), Cyun us i tin- Swan, in II rigllial the liinll. Cas 
sio|H-ia(lli'- l.:cl\ in the Chan), I'ei -ens, Auriai ( the 1 'lial 
joleeror \\aKoncrl. Ophiuehus or S,-r]ientaril|s ([he Sei 
penl l,i-arer>, Serpclis (the Serpent). Sav.itta (the Vl'ro\\ ), 
\.pnla et \iilni', us (the l-'.aule and Anti is). Delphiiiu- 
(the Dolphin). Kqimlnsor Kqllllleiis (the Colt orthe Horse's 
Hca.ll. Pci,MSlH or Kqlllls (the Morsel, \ II, 1 1 ouic.la, 'Irian 
191B 
sure Instinct calls out tln-ir courage, lint that it is the 
which produces the danger. 
. \ lleKicide Peace, I. 
Cancer (the Crab), l.eo(tlle I. ion), Virgo (the Virgin), Libra 
(the ISahince). Seoi-pius or Scorpio (the Scorpion), Sanit- 
tarius(tlie Archer). Capricomus (Capricorn, or the (!oat), 
Ai|llarins(the Water-bearer), I'i.sce- (t he l-'ishes). (:i) South 
of thc/n'liae:i Vtiis(tlie U halo, nrioii, I '.riilanns or Klnvins 
(the Itiver I'o orthe Itivcr), l.epiis (the Hare). Caliis Major 
(the lircat . Do.;). Caiiis Minor (Hi.- Little 1 1.), Argo Navis 
(the ship Vruo). 1 1 v.Ira, < 'rater (the Cup), Corvus (the Crow 
or Itavcn), Centaurus (the Centaur), Liipns(tbe Wolf), Ara 
(the Altar), Cm i Australis (the Southern Crown). PUcis 
\iistralis (the Southern r'ish). Coma l!orcuices(the Hair 
of lii-renice) is an ancient asterism, which was not reckoned 
as a constellation by Ptolemy. Antinous, mentioned by 
I'lolemy as part of the constellation Aquila, i.s said to 
have been made a separate constellation by Kinnicus in 
the fourth century. Cru\ (the Cio/ier ..i Southern Cross) 
appears to be mentioned by Dante. The navigators of the 
sixteenth century added a number of southern constella- 
tions. Twelve of these appear in the important star-atlas 
of liuyer (A. i>. KHKi), namely : Apus (the Bird of Para- 
,lise). Chameleon, Dorado (the lioldtish; or Xiphlas. the 
Swordnsh), Grus (the Cram-), llyilrus (the \\atersnake), 
Indus (the Indian Man), Mnsca or Apis (the Fly or the 
Bee), Pave, (the Peacock), Phumix, Triangulum Australe 
(th.- Southern Triangle), the Toucan (also called Anser 
Americanus). and Volans (the Flying-fish). Columba (the 
Syn. .!/>/'/-//. '- (on, /'. --'A'. i-t.-. BMAfarm. 
constipate (kon'sti-put), V. t.\ \>r<-\. and p]>. 
coii.itiputftl, ppr. ft>nxtii>iitini/. [< 1.. i-onxti/Hi- 
IHX, pp. of couxtiiMiri: (> F. constipcr = Pr. costi- 
/</ = Sp. Pg. rimstipiir = It. rnstipiii'i'), press 
or crowd together, < com-, together. + xti/nn'' . 
cram, pack, akin to stipes, a stem, xti/mlii.*, firm : 
see stipulate. Cf. coxtin; ult. < I-, i-onxtiiiutnx, 
pp.] 1. To crowd or cram into a narrow com- 
pass; thicken or condense. [Archaic.] 
constitution 
2. That which constitutes or composes an a 
part, or a necessary part; a formative element 
or ingredient. 
The lymph in those glands Is a necessary mnstiivmt ..i 
the aliment. Aruulhnot, Aliment*. 
Exact! v in proportion to the ,le K ,ee in which the force ot 
sculpture is KiiMncd will Iw the Importance attached to 
colour as a means of effect or constituent of U-autv. 
D, 
Of cold, the property is to condense and nufi>i'<-. 
Bacon. 
As to the movements of the constipated vapours forming 
spots, the spectroscope is also confpetent to supply Infor- 
mation. A. .V. Clerke, Astron. in 19th Cent, p. 202. 
2. To stop by filling a passage ; clog. 
Constipating or shutting up the capillary vessels. 
Arbuthnot, Aliments. 
3. To fill or crowd the intestinal canal of 'vith 
fecal matter; make costive. 
constipated (kon'sti-pa-ted), p. a. [Pp. of 
nuintipate, f.] Costive. 
constipation (kon-sti-pa'shon), M. [= F. con- 
xti /ml ion = Sp. constipation = Pg. constipaqSo 
= It. costipazione, < LL. constipatio(n-), < L. con- 
xl!/iiiri'. ]>]). 1'iin.ftipatus, press together: seecoH- 
stellations, of wh'ieh Camelojiardalis (the Camelopard) and 
Monoceros (the I'nicoru) are retained by modern astrono- 
mers. Hevelius in 190 added Canes Venatlci (the Grey- 
hounds), Lacerta (the Lizard), Leo .Minor (the Small Lion), 
Lynx (the Lynx), .Scutum Sohieseii (the shield of Sobieski), 
Sextans(thc .Sextant), and Vulpecnla et Anser(the Fox and 
the Goose). Finally, Lacaille in 1752 added Antlia Pneu- 
miitiea (the Air pump), Cwlum (the Graver), Circinus(the 
Compass), Fornax (the Furnace), Horologium (the Clock), 
Mons Meiue (the Table-mountain), Microscopium (the 
Microscope), Norma (the (Juadrant), Octans (the Octant), 
Kquus Pictorius(the Painter's Easel), Reticulum (the Net), 
Sculptor, and Telescopium (the Telescope). The ancient 
constellation Argo was broken up by Lacaille into the 
Stern, the Keel, the Sail, and the Mast. There are, thus, 
elghty-nve constellations now recognized. The names of 
the constellations are mostly derived from Greek and Ro- 
man mythology. The practice of designating by the letters 
of the iiivek alphabet (a, /3, v, etc.) the stars which com- 
|8e each constellation, in the order of their brilliancy, 
originated with Bayer. 
2. Figuratively, any assemblage of persons or 
things of a brilliant, distinguished, or exalted 
character: as, a constellation of wits or beau- 
ties, or of great authors. 
Such a constellation of virtues, in such amiable persons, 
Swift, Gulliver's Travels, Iv. 10. 
The constellation of genius had already begun to show 
itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian 
and close of Philip's reign. Preseott. 
3t. The influence of the heavenly bodies upon 
the temperament or life. 
Ire, siknesse, or constellacioun . . . 
Causeth ful ofte to doon amys or speken. 
Chaueer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 53. 
constellatory (kou-stel'a-to-ri), a. [< L. con- 
xti'l/atus (see constellate) + -ory.~\ Pertaining 
to or resembling a constellation. 
A table or a joint-stool, in his [the actor Munden's] con- 
ception, rises into a dignity equivalent to Cassiopeia s 
chair. It is invested with constellatory importance. 
Lamb, Elia, p. 249. 
constert, i'. t. An old form of construe. 
Yet all, by his own verdit, must lie cansterd Reason in 
the King, and depraved temper in the I'arlament. 
Milton, I'.ikonokla-stcs. \\iii 
consternate (kou'ster-uat), r. (. [< L. conster- 
iiiihiK, pp. of conxti'rnare, throw into confusion, 
terrify, dismay, intensive form of consternere, 
throw down, prostrate, bestrew, < com-, toge- 
ther, + sternere, strew: see stratum.'] To throw 
into confusion ; dismay; terrify. [Obsolete or 
rare.] 
The king of Astopia and the Palatine were strangely 
'<>iixt'-r/i'i!<-tt at this association. Pagan Prince (1690). 
Consternation (kon-ster-na'shon), n. [= F. 
'i mutton = Sp. consternation = Pg. constcr- 
= It. coxt<-riiit:i<iHi\ < L. consternatio(n-), 
< constcriiare, pp. conxtrniatiix. throw into con- 
fusion: soi' foiixti-nintc.] Astonishment com- 
bined with terror; amazement that confounds 
the faculties and incapacitates for deliberate 
thought and action ; extreme surprise, with con- 
fusion and panic. 
The ship struck. The shock threw us all into the ut- 
most <'n,txt'',-n<tti<<ii. Cook, Voyages, I. ii. 4. 
In the palpable nijjht of their terrors, men under con- 
sternation suppose, not that it is the danger which by a 
densation. 
All the particulars whicli time and infinite variety of 
human accidents have been amassing together are now 
concentred, and arc united by way of constipation. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. Sio. 
2. In med., a state of the bowels in which, on 
account of diminished intestinal action or secre- 
tion, the evacuations are obstructed or stopped, 
and the feces are hard and expelled with diffi- 
culty ; costiveness. 
constipulationt (kon-stip-u-la'shon), . [< 
ML. constipuhitio(n-), < L. com-, together, + sti- 
pulatio(n-), agreement : see stipulation.] A mu- 
tual agreement ; a compact. 
Here is lately brought us an extract of a Magna Charta. 
so called, compiled between the Sub-planters of a West- 
Indian Island ; whereof the first Article of constiimlation 
flrmely provides free stable-room and litter for all kinde of 
consciences. !f. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 4. 
constituency (kon-stit'u-en-si), M.; pi. constit- 
uencies (-siz). [? constituent: see -cncy.] 1. A 
body of constituents or principals, especially a 
body of persons voting for an elective officer, 
particularly for a municipal officer or a member 
of a legislative body ; in a more general sense, 
the whole body of residents of the district or 
locality represented by such an officer or legis- 
lator. Hence 2. Any body of persons who 
may be conceived to have a common represen- 
tative ; those to whom one is in any way ac- 
countable; clientele: as, the constituency of a 
newspaper (that is, its readers) ; the constitu- 
ency of a hotel (its guests or customers). 
constituent ( kon-stit'u-ent ), a. and n . [= F. con- 
stituant = Sp. constituyente = Pg. constituente, 
constituinte = It. constituente, costituente. < L. 
constituen(t-)s, ppr. of constiiuere, establish : see 
constitute.] I. a. 1. Constituting or existing as 
a necessary component or ingredient ; forming 
or composing as a necessary part ; component ; 
elementary: as, oxygen and nydrogen are the 
constituent parts of water. 
Body, soul, and reason are the three constituent parts of 
a man. Dryden, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting. 
For the comtitutnt elements of an organism can only lie 
truly and adequately conceived as rendered what they are 
by the end realised through the organism. 
T. H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, 1 79. 
If we could break up a molecule, we [should] sever it into 
Its constituent atoms. A. Danitll, Prin. of Phys., p. 215. 
2. Having the power of constituting or appoint- 
ing, or of electing to public office: as, a con- 
stituent body. 
A question of right arises between the constituent and 
representative ho.ly. Junta*. 
Constituent Assembly. Same as Xatioaal Assembly 
(which see, under assembly). Constituent whole, in 
/"//.-. a genus considered as the sum of its species, or a 
species as the sum of its individuals ; a potent ia! whole : 
opposed to constituted whole (whieli see. \\}\^T constituted). 
In every- case the parts as such constitute the whole as 
such, and not conversely : but the constituent whole is 
supposed to be constituent of the nature of the parts as 
substances. 
II. . It. One who or that which constitutes 
or forms, or establishes or determines. 
Their first composure and origination requires a higher 
ami nobler conttitucnt than chance. 
Sir M. Hale, Orig. of .Mankind. 
His humor is distinguished by its conntiiuent of feeling. 
D. J. ll'H. Imni.', p. 209. 
3. One who constitutes another his agent; one 
who empowers another to transact business for 
him, or appoints another to an office in which 
the person appointed represents him as liis 
agent. 4. One who elects or assists in elect- 
ing another to a public office ; more gfiii-rally, 
any inhabitant of the district represented by 
an elective officer, especially by one elected to 
a legislative body: so called with reference to 
such officer. 
An artifice sometimes practised by candidates for offices 
in order to recommend themselves to the good gra- 
their constituents. W. Melmoth, tr. of Cicero, xlL 10, note. 
They not only took up the complaints of their comtitu- 
I'nts, tint suggested new claims to be made by them. 
J. Adains, Works, IV. 525. 
Conjugate constituents of a matrix. See conjugate. 
Constituent of a determinant, in math., one of the 
factors which compose the elements of the determinant. 
Thus, in the determinant n i *jj > li\ , the constituent* are 
a i, 02, 61 , do. Constituent of a pencil, of lines or rays, 
a ray or plane of the pencil. Constituent of a range, 
in ,/-''/'., a point of the range. 
constituency (kon-stit'u-ent-li), adv. As re- 
gards constituents, [ftare.] 
Constituently, elementally the same, Man and Woman 
are organized on different bases. 
O. D. Boanlman, Creative Week, p. 232. 
constitute (kon'sti-tut), r. t. ; pret. and pp. con- 
stituted, ppr. constituting. [< L. constitutes, pp. 
of constituere (> F. constituer = Pr. 8p. Pg. con- 
stituir = It. constitute, costituire = D. konstitu- 
eren = Ot. constituiren = Dan. konstituere = Sw. 
konstituera), set up, establish, make, create, 
constitute, < com-, together, + statucre, set, 
place, establish : gee statute, statue, and cf. >- 
stitute, restitute.'] 1. To set; fix; establish. 
We must obey laws appointed and constituted by lawful 
authority, not against the law of God. 
Jer. Taylor, Holy Living. 
This theorem, . . . that the demand for labour is con- 
stituted by the wages which precede the production, . . . 
In a proposition which greatly needs all the Illustration it 
can receive. J. S. MM, Pol. Econ., I. v. i 9. 
2. To enter into the formation of, as a necessary 
part ; make what it is ; form ; make. 
Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold that 
defies destruction. Johnson. 
The prevalence of a had custom cannot constitute its 
apology. Preseott, Ferd. and Isa., II. 16. 
How Oliver's parliaments were constituted was practi- 
cally of little moment ; for he possessed the means of con- 
ducting the administration without their support and in 
defiance of their opposition. ilacaulaii, Hist. Eng., i. 
3. To appoint, depute, or elect to an office or 
employment; make and empower: as, a sheriff 
is constituted a conservator of the peace ; A has 
constituted B his attorney or agent. 
Constituting officers and conditions, to rule ouer them. 
Quoted In Capt. John Smiths True Travels, II. 5. 
constituted (kon'sti-tu-ted), p. a. [Pp. of 
constitute, r.] Set; fixed; established; made; 
elected; appointed. 
Beyond . . . the fact . . . that in 1187 there was at Ox- 
ford a great school with diverse faculties of doctors, ergo 
a constituted University, we know little or nothing of Uni- 
versity life here so early. 
Sttiobs, Medieval and Modem Hist, p. 141. 
Constituted authorities. See a uthority. Constituted 
whole, in logic, a whole which is actually and not merely 
pot eutiall v made up of its parts : either a definite, a com- 
^lt, or an integrate whole : opposed to constituent whole 
ilch see, under constituent). 
constitutor (kon'sti-tu-ter), n. One who con- 
stitutes or appoints. 
constitution (kon-sti-tu'shon), n. [< ME. con- 
stitution, < OF. constitution, -tion, F. constitu- 
tion = Sp. constitution = Pg. constituicSo = It. 
constituzione, costituzione = D. konstitutie = G. 
constitution = Dan. Sw. konstitution, < L. consti- 
tuting-), a constitution, disposition, nature, a 
regulation, order, arrangement, < constituere, 
pp. conxtitiitiix, establish: see constitute.] 1. 
.Tne act of constituting, establishing, or appoint- 
ing ; formation. 2. The state of being consti- 
tuted, composed, made up, or established ; the 
assemblage and union of the essential elements 
and characteristic parts of a system or body, 
especially of the human organism ; the composi- 
tion, make-up, or natural condition of anything : 
as, the physical constitution of the sun ; the con- 
