contumelious 
, V,' : It, 
Assail him with nut /i/,/i, /..,. oj ch-.-.,urtcoii., |.>m 
, i. 0. 
f'lirviijx :i <-'.iitii ,it- fin* lip. on, Mauii, \lii. 
2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to 
taunt or to insult ; insolent; supercilious: said 
of persons. 
There is yet anotli' i ->! i "i m MI ..... fl , u ho 
are not chargeable wltli . . . Ill mploylog their wit ; foe 
they list nolle nf it. ,nifnt l </< T,,II mr. 
3f. Reproachful; shameful; ignominious. 
As it is in tile hitfh''st derive injurious to them, go is it 
rimfinn' /iuix to him. Decay of Christian I'irti/. 
= 8yn. 1 itnil 2. See list unijor abwtioe. 
contumeliously (kon-tn-me'li-us-li), arfi'. In a 
contumelious manner ; with arrogance and eon- 
tempt ; insolently. 
Kit, lords ! that you, being supreme magistrates, 
Tim* fxtttii, /!!:: ".I// should break the | :ir, 1 
Shak., IHcn. VI., i. 4. 
contumeliousness (kou-tu-me'li-us-nes), . 
Insolence ; contempt ; contumely. 
contumely (kon'tu-me-li), .; pi. contumelies 
(-li/.). [< ME. contuiuelie, (. Ot. contumelic = 
Sp. Pg. It. cimtumelia, < L. contumelia, abuse, 
insult, reproach; origin uncertain; prob. con- 
nected with coHtuuiajc: see eoiiliiiiiiiciiiiix.] 1. 
Insolently offensive or abusive speech ; haugh- 
tiness and contempt expressed in words; over- 
bearing or reviling language ; contemptuous- 
ness ; insolence. 
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely. 
Sliak., Hamlet, ill. 1. 
1 left England twenty years ago under a cloud of disas- 
ter anil ctiHtuinelij. J. Hawthorne, Dust, p. 173. 
2. A contumelious statement or act ; an exhi- 
bition of haughty contempt or insolence. 
A good man bears a contumely worse 
Than he would do an injury. 
Fletcher, Beggars' Bush, 11. 3. 
Here be alsasome Jews, ... a people scattered through- 
out the whole world, . . . subject to all wrongs and con- 
tumelies. Saiuljis, Travailes, p. 114. 
= Syn. 1. Abuse, rudeness, scorn. 
contumulatet (kou-tu'mu-lat), v. t. [< L. con- 
liniiiiliitKS, pp. of contumulare, furnish with a 
mound, bury, < cow-, together, 4- tuinulare, 
bury, < tumulus, a moniid, tomb: see tumtilux.] 
To lay or bury in the same tomb or grave. 
Contumitlati' both man and wife. 
Ottfttm, in Theatrtim Chemicum, p. 178. 
contumulationt (kon-tu-mu-la'shpn), n. [< 
ciintiiHiiiliiti-: see -ation.] The act oif laying or 
burying in the same tomb or grave. 
cont'undt (kon-tund'), v. t. [= F. contondre = 
Sp. Pg. i-iiiiiiuiilir = It. contiiiulcrc, < L. contun- 
di'ir. bruise, beat together, < com-, together, + 
linidere, beat, bruise, = Skt. / tiul (for *stud), 
strike, sting, = Goth, stuutaii, strike. Cf. co- 
tuse.] To beat ; bruise ; pulverize by beating. 
All which being llnely cimtuntted, and mixed in a stone 
or glass mortar. Miildletun, Mad World, ill. 2. 
His [L)i>u Quixote's] muscles were so extended and eon- 
.'",'/. -/ that he was not corpus mobile. 
Gayton, Notes on Don Quixote, 111. 2. 
contunet, '" A Middle English form of continue. 
Love conieth of dame Fortune 
That litrl while wolc cvntttne 
For it shal clmungen wonder soone. 
;;..(. n- 
1. 53.T2. 
contuse (kon-tiiz'), c. t. ; pret. and pp. con luxi-il, 
ppr. coiitiixiiiii. [< L. MMMMM () F. contuse Sp. 
Pg. It. contiiso, bruised), pp. of rnnttutili-rv: see 
eontund. Cf. in luxe, obtuse, perfuse, retime.] If. 
To beat; bruise; pound; pulverize by beating. 
Roots, harks, and seeds . . . fnntuxni together. 
Bacon, Nat. Hist., 574. 
2. To injure the flesh of, by impact of a blunt 
surface, with or without a breach of the integu- 
ment ; bruise by violent contact or pressure. 
If the injury is accompanied hy a breaking of the skin, it 
is called a cnntuxrd wound ; if not, a ctmtntitm. 
The ligature contiueji the lips in cutting them. 
})'<Ki>nit), Surgery. 
contusion (kon-tu'zhon), n. [=F. contusion = 
Sp. cniilitxiitii = Pg- contus&o = \t.cntusione=&, 
ciiiitiixiiin='Da\i. \v. l:i>ii/Hxi<iH. < L. i'niitnsi(ii-). 
< fnntiiiiili n . ]i]>. <-i>iitnxnx, bruise: st>i' <,/,/..,.] 
1 . The act of beating and bruising, or the state 
of being bruised. 2. The act of reducing to 
powder or fine particles by beating or pounding. 
Take :i pirn- .it -In-- :nul reduce it to powder, it acquir- 
ini: hy ,-:i,iin*ion a multitude of minute surfaces. 
Boyle, Colours. 
3. Iii xiiri/., a bruise; a hurt or injury to the 
tlrsh or some part of the body without breach 
of integument m- apparent wound, as one in- 
llk'ted by a blunt instrument or by a fall. 
L380 
The bones. In sharp colde, wax brittle ; and all 
riotu, in hard weather, arc more dillicult to urc. / 
contusive (kon-tu'siv), . [< contuse + -in . \ 
Apt to cause contusion ; bruising. 
.Shield from conttuiee rocks her timber limb*, 
And guide the sweet linthusiast la boat) as he wiuui ! 
Poetry of Aiilijaeobin, p. 160. 
Oonularia (kon-u-la'ri-ii), n. [NL.,< L. conut, 
a. cone, wedge, -1- dim. '-/- + -aria.] A large 
genus of fossil thecosomatous or shelled ptero- 
pods, of the family Thecida; or typical of a family 
i 'iniiiliiriidtf, extending from the Silurian to the 
Carboniferous. C. tlongata and C. tovxrbyi are ex- 
amples. Sutiie of these mollusks are nearly two feet long. 
They have a four-sided shell, whose apex U partitioned by 
narrow close-set septa resembling a nest of cones or pyra- 
mids placed one within another, whence the name of euur- 
in-cone. 
conulariid (kon-u-la'ri-id), w. A pteropod of the 
family Conulariidd. 
Conulariidae (kon*u-la-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Conularin + -iihe.] A family of fossil thecosoma- 
tous pteropods, typified by the genus ('onulnsiii. 
conundrum (ko-nun'drum), H. [Orig. slang, 
prob. a made word of a pseudo-Latin form, like 
/Kiiijintilrum, IKICUS-JHH-IIX, etc. Skeat suggests 
that it may be a corruption of L. conandum, a 
thing to be attempted, neut. ger. of conari, at- 
tempt: see * nun i a in. \ If. A conceit; a device; 
a hoax. 
I must have my crotchets, 
And ray conundrum* 1 B. Jonnon, V'olpone, v. 7. 
2. A riddle in which some odd resemblance is 
proposed for discovery between things quite 
unlike, or some odd difference between similar 
things, the answer often involving a pun. 
conure (kon'ur), H. AbirdofthegenusCYwn/nw. 
/'. L. Sclater. 
Conuros (ko-nu'- 
rus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. nin>oc, a cone, 
+ oi'pd, tail.] 1. 
In ornith., a large 
genus of Ameri- 
can parrots or 
parrakeets, of 
moderate and 
small size, chiefly 
green and yellow 
coloration, and 
having the cere 
feathered : so 
named from the 
cuneate form of 
the tail. The Car- 
olina parrakeet, 
Conurux caroli- 
nensis, is a char- 
acteristic exam- 
ple. 2f. In en- 
tom., a genus of rove-beetles. 
MMMM* 
conns (ko'nus), .; pi. coni (-ni). [NL., < L. 
comix, a cone: see cone.] 1. In anat., a coni- 
cal or conoid structure or organ. 2. [cap.] In 
conch., the typical genus 
of the family Con Ida: 
(which see), and in some 
systems conterminous 
with it: so named from 
the conical figure of these 
shells. The cone-shells are 
numerous and many of them 
very beautiful ; they are found 
in southern and tropical seas, 
and include fossil forms going 
back to the Chalk formation. 
Cvniur fflnrin-nuirut is a mag- 
nificent species. C. tnarinoreim 
is a common and characteris- 
tic example. Coni vascu- 
losi, the coni. 'al masses formed 
by the convoluted vasaefferen- 
tia of the testis. Conus arte- 
riosus. Same as art. 
(which see, unilcr nrtrriitl).- 
Conus medullaris (the med- 
ullary cone), the tapering part 
of the spinal cord lielow the 
lumbar enlargement. 
conusablet, conusancet, etc. Old forms of /</- 
iii-iible, etc. 
Conusidaet (ko-nu'si-de), . ]>l. [NL., irreg. < 
Conuj< + -irffF.] Same as Conidii'. '/</(<;, 1828. 
convailt, c. i. [< ME. conralen, < L. as if *con- 
ruli-rr, < cow- (intensive) + ralcrc, be strong or 
well. Cf . convalesce.] To grow strong; increase 
in strength. 
First as the erth incrcsith popuhu, 
So concnlit variance and vieis. 
Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. s. . extra ser.), i. 9S. 
Convalesce (kon-va-los"). c. /. : pivt. and pp. i-ini- 
raUscul, ppr. cuiicak.-icini/. [= Sp. ,-iniriilecer = 
Carolina Parrakeet {C0wrij tarolf. 
ttttua). 
Also called Co- 
Cone-shell (Conus tMa 
rttu}. 
convection 
Pg. (xmvaleteer, < L. conrakscert . begin to grow 
strong or well ; grow stronger, < com- (intensive) 
+ ralescere, inci-ptivr ul nihfi-, be strung or 
well: see valiant and avail 1 .] TogrowMMB 
after sickness; make progress toward the re- 
covery of health. 
He found the queen somevt h.ii .>,,> <<ii'*ccd. 
Kiuuc, Hist. Reformation, v., an. IMd 
He had a trifling Illness in August, iindasheeonrafcjen/. 
he grew impatient of the tenacious life which held him to 
earth. //"!//(.. Venetian Life, xlii. 
convalescence, convalescency (kon-va-les'- 
ens, -en-si), . [< F. cii/ii'nl'-o-cnce = Pr. con- 
nili. win-in = Sp. i-iiin-iilii-i HI-HI := Pg. convale- 
sceaca = It. conralescenza = (i. i-mii'iilif/'i n,, < 
LL. eoiirali-xrrnliii, < L. i-<iiinili*i-in(t-)>i, ppr.: 
see convalescent.] The gradual recovery of 
health and strength after sickness; renewal of 
health and vigor after sickness or weakness. 
Emaciated, shadow-like, but quite free from his fever, 
the deacon resigned himself to the luxury of amealacaiee. 
llarptr'i May. 
convalescent (kon-va-les'ent), a. and w. [= 
F. ciinralcxccnt = 8p. conraKeciente = Pg. It. coit- 
ralexcente, < L. conralescen(t-)n, ppr. of conrales- 
rerc, grow strong or well : see convalesce.] I. a. 
1. Kecovering health and strength after sick- 
ness or debility. 2. Pertaining to convales- 
cence ; adapted to a state of convalescence. 
II. . One who is recovering health or strength 
after sickness or weakness Convalescent hos- 
pital, a hospital Intermediate l>etween the ordinary hos- 
pital and the homes of the paticnK established with the 
view of developing convalescence into perfect health hy 
the Influences of pure air, gentle exercise, and a nourish- 
ing, well-regulated diet. 
convalescently (kon-va-les'ent-li), adv. In a 
convalescent manner. 
convallamarln (kon-va-lam'a-rin), H. K NL. 
C'onrall(aria) + L. amarus, bitter, + -ii2.] A 
bitter glucoside (Cgsl^^ig) obtained from 
Ciinvallaria. 
Convallaria (kon-va-la'ri-a), H. [NL., < L. con- 
vallix, a valley inclosed on all sides, < com-, to- 
gether, + vollis, 
a valley : see 
rale, valley.] A 
genus of plants, 
of the natural 
order Liliawa:. 
The only species in 
the genus is C. ina- 
jali*, the llly-of-the- 
valley, a perennial 
stemless herb, with 
a creeping root- 
stock, two or three 
leaves, and a many- 
flowered raceme of 
white, drooping, 
bell-shaped, fra- 
grant flowers. It 
blossoms in May, 
grows in woods and 
on heaths through- 
out Europe and 
inn t hern Asia, and 
is also found native 
in the Alleghanies. 
It U a favorite in 
cultivation, and 
several variet ies 
have U'eu produced. 
convallarin 
(kon-val a-nni, 
. K NL. Convallaria + -i2.] A glucoside 
(C^HsjOji) obtained from Convallaria. It oc- 
curs in rectangular prisms. 
convanesce (kon-va-nes'), r. i. ; pret. and pp. 
eonvaneyced, ppr. cuiivanexciiuj. [< L. con-, toge- 
ther, + rattencerc, vanish: see vanish, mjiiesce.] 
In mil Hi., to disappear by the running together 
of two summits, as of solid angles : said of the 
edge of a polyhedron. Kirkman. 1857. 
convanescible (kon-va-nes'i-bl), a. [< conra- 
neset + -ilile.] Capable of convanescing. con- 
vanescible edge, all eilue of a ]Mil\]h-<hon that cull dis- 
nprx'nr l).v the running together of the two summits it joins. 
convection (kon-vek'shon), H. [< LL. r 
liii(n-), < L. cimvclii-re, pp. cotivfctus, carry to- 
gether, convey, < pom-, together, + vehere, carry : 
see vehicle.] The act of carrying or conveying ; 
specifically, the transference of heat or elec- 
tricity through the change of position of the 
heated or electrified body : distinguished from 
conduction (which see). When a portion of a liquid 
or * gas U heated above the temperature of surrounding 
portions, it Increases in volume, and, thus becoming spe- 
cifically lighter, rises, while the cixiler portions of the fluid 
rush in from the sides and descend from the upper parts 
of the vessel. Convection currents are thus procured, ami 
the liquid or gas Is soon heated throughout. This prim i 
pie is used in heating a house by a hot-air funi:i< 
(Julf Stream is a grand carrying the 
In at of the equator toward the |ile. (Se, li.-nl. ) Similar 
h . electricity may be transmitted by convection by the mo- 
Uily-of-the-valley (Convntlana ma 
