conventicle 
Conventicle Act, an Kiiglixh .tatute of 1670(22 Charles 
II c 1) which forbade tin- assembling of five or more per 
sons over -ixt. -i-ii years of age at any meeting or coiiven. 
ti, !,- forth,- ex.-rcis.-ol ivli-im. in any other manner than 
m -col-dim.- t'> tin- liturgy and practice of the Church of 
conventicle (kon-ven'ti-kl) *. i. ; i,r.-l . and pp. ^^^^^hobyacominonaSt of the will 
worship. [Rare.] 
conventual 
along the hypothenuse, wo must adopt some wmwnfum conventionalist (kon-ven'shon-al-ist). H. [< 
which will abbreviate such an account as we have Just 
given. J. Trmrbrutge, New Physics, p. 58. 
Vet certain conventions are indispensable to art. 
Stedinan, Poets of America, p. 487. 
+ -wt.J 1. One who adheres to 
conventional usages ; a formalist. 2. Oiiewho 
adheres to a convention or treaty. 3. [cap.] 
In f. .S. hint., a niiini' iinHuiin-.l liv the more raili- 
_ . ,, . f Lit l> *J. Ot., * llcilllvj OC70U ^ J V. 
7. lucivillato: (^)Jngeneral,tne agreementor ^if^tionof the L>emocrati<--K-piit>lican party 
Pennsylvania during several years sueceed- 
1 1808. They had previously also borne the 
of "Friends of the People." 
Use the holding of conventicles for reli , ^r( 6 ) In a narrower sense the agree- ^entionaliiy (kon^i^on-al'i-ti), . ; pi. 
ni.-ni ot s,-v.-r:il p.-i-sniis in 0111- and ,.,.,.(,/,/,> (-ti'i). [< conrt-ntional + -ity.] 
n 
conventicler (kon-ven'ti-kler), n. One who 
between 
o. Convention of estates, the meeting c 
tales of the kingdom of Scotland, In-f. .re the union with Lag- 
conventional as op- 
wse< i to na tural ; artificiality ; a conventional 
' 
onvenucier VK.O ". "" tatesof the kingdom of Scotland, before the union wl lEng- f~r- f ~~ , ' nr inciDle etc 
supports or frequents conventicles; specifical- i a ,,,i, ,, any special occasion or emergency. These con- >m, lorm, l 
ly, a Scottish Covenanter. 
Having run u mile through such difficult places, he was 
.mill- .-pent, and the ciilirrillirl, rs hard at Ilif lleels. 
Sitijt. M emoir of (.'apt. Creichton. 
convention (kon-ven'shon), . [= I), konven- 
tic = (J. convention = Daii. /convention, < F. con- 
vention = 8p. convention = Pg. convencdo = It. 
convcnzione, < L. convention-), a meeting, agree- 
ment, covenant, < conoenire, pp. conventns, meet, 
agree : see conrene.'\ 1. The act of coming to- 
gether; coalition; union. 
The conventionx or associations of several particles of 
matter into bodies. Bottle. 
2. A gathering of persons ; a meeting ; an as- 
sembly. 
To-morrow morn 
We hold a great convention. 
Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
vrntloiu consisted of any number of the estates that mignt jt is strong and sturdy writing ; and breaks up a whole 
I* suddenly called together, without the necessity of a for- legion of convent iotitUitie*. Lamb, To Coleridge. 
mill citation surh .id was required in summoning a regu- 
lar parliament. - Convention of royal burghs, the year- 
ly meeting held in Edinburgh by coinmiusloners from the 
royal burghs, to treat of certain matters pertaining to the 
common good of the burghs. Their deliberations are In 
general directed to matters of no public importance. 
Convention treaty, a treaty entered into betweer. dif- 
ferent states, under which they severally bind themselves 
to observe certain stipulations contained in the treaty. 
Joint convention, in the United States, a meeting in one 
body of both branches of Congress or of a State legislature. 
National convention, nominating convention. 
See above, 8. 
Conventionalities are all very well in their proper place, 
but they shrivel at the touch of nature like stubble In the 
nre. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 163. 
conventionalization (kpn-ven'shon-al-i-za'- 
shon), n. [< conventionalize + -atton.] The 
act or the result of conventionalizing. 
The trim of the doors is also in enameled wood, fluted 
and carved with the shell ornaments, which Is a concen- 
tiimalisation from the honeysuckle of the <ireeks. 
Art Age, IV. 45. 
on-al-iz), v. t.; 
conven tion- 
Specifically 3. A formal, recognized, or statu- 
tory meeting or assembly of men for civil or re- formal meeting of delegates. 
ligious purposes ; particularly, an assembly of 
ventioneel = G. "conventional' = Dan. Konven- v-~ - - * - . _ d 
tionel, < F. convention** = Pr. conventional = alu: "V- A1 ^^[^""^T.l^Aa..:.^ IS"!!! 
8p. Pg. conventional = It. convenzionale, < LL. 
conventionalis, pertaining to an agreement, < L. 
conventio(n-), an agreement: see convention.] 
now a wa e . 
delegates or representatives for consultation timating, at least, that this Conventional movement of 
, , 
on important concerns, civil, political, or re- ours was stimulated by South Carolina ; and was the re 
conventional ; bring under the influence of con- 
ventional rules; render observant of the forms 
and precedents of society. Specifically 2. In 
. the fine arts, to render or represent in a con- 
1. Relating or pertaining to a convention, o. ^^ manner _that is, efther by exact ad- 
herence to a rule or in a manner intentionally 
incomplete and simplified. 
The fact U, neither [leaves nor figures] are idealized. 
l know that what he 
, tx , Under8tooll ln . 
ligious. (a) In the United States, in particular : (1) A 
body of delegates convened for the formation or revision 
of a constitution of government, as of a State : called a 
constitutional conreii(i'on(which see, under constitutional). 
(2) A meeting of delegates of a political party, to nomi- 
nate candidates for national, State, or local offices, and to 
formulate Its principles of action, si at.- nominating con- 
ventions arose about 1825, superseding legislative caucuses. 
Tile first national convention to select presidential candi- 
dates was hi-l'l by the Antimasonic party in Baltimore in 
September, 1831, and all presidential nominations have 
since been made by such conventions. (3) A meeting of 
representatives of a national, State, or other general as- 
sociation, or of a number of persons having a common in 
, 
but both are conventionalized on the same principles, and 
in the same way. Jtutlnn. 
In a 
I should have replied to this question by something con- 
ventionally vague and polite. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xiv. 
terest, for the promotion of any common object. (4) The 
triennial assembly of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
called the General Convention, consisting of the House of 
Bishops and the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies ; also, 
the annual assembly of each diocese, called a diocemn con- 
vention. (10 (cop.] In French hist., the sovereign assembly, 
called specifically the national Convention, which sat from 
September 21st, 1792, to October 28th. 1795, and governed 
France after abolishing royalty, (c) In Great Britain, an 
extraordinary assembly of the estates of the realm, held 
without the king's writ, as the assembly which restored 
Charles II. to the throne (also known as the Convention 
Parliament or Free Parliament) and that which declared 
suit of concert between certain South Carolina (and Mis- 
sissippi] politicians. 
duoted In //. " Hoist; John C. Calhoun, p. 324. conventionally (kon-ven'shon-al-i), adv. 
2. Stipulated ; covenanted ; established by conve ntional manner, 
agreement. 3. Arbitrarily selected, fixed, or 
determined: as, a conventional sign. -4. Aris- 
ing out of custom or usage ; sanctioned by 
general concurrence; depending on usage or eoaventionary (kon-ven'shon-a-ri), o. [< con- 
tacit agreement; not existing from any natu- ,. en< j <>)l + .aryl.j "Acting under contract; set- 
ral growth or necessity ; generally accepted or tled bv covenan t O r stipulation ; conventional : 
observed ; formal. ag; conventionary tenants. 
I too easily saw through the varnish of conventional re- 
finement. Mary. Fuller, Woman in 19th Cent, p. 190. 
There is no way of distinguishing those feelings which 
are natural from those which are conventional, except by 
an appeal to first principles^ 
In the case of the peculiar conventionary holdings of the 
Cornish mining country, where the tenant has an inherit- 
able Interest, but must be re-admitted every seven years, 
something like proof of a Celtic origin is attainable. 
F. Pollock, Land Laws, p. 204, App. 
", convention-coin (kon-ven'shon-koin), . 1. A 
The very earliest dialects are as exclusively conventional **!,u\ v / 
as the latest; the savage has no keener sense of etymo- German com adopted by most 
logical connection than the man of higher civilization. states in 1*63. A Cologne mark of silver, Id 
Whitney, Life and Growth of Lang., p. 297. i o ths 6 grains fine, was coined in 8J rix-dollars. 
Specifically 5. In the fine arts, depending on 2. A German coin struck according to a con- 
accepted models or traditions, irrespective of vention of 1857 between Austria, Prussia, and 
the throne"to"have been abdicated by James II. (dt) In independent study of nature ; traditionally or other states. A mint pound or 500 grams of 
the University of Cambridge, England, a clerical court DurDoge i v deviating from natural forms, al- fine silver was coined into 30 thalers or 52$ 
^^^S^S^S^^SfUS& S?g property retiming the principleswhich gulden. , 
against the laws of soberness and chastity. 
4. An agreement or contract between two par- 
ties ; specifically, in diplomacy, an agreement 
or arrangement previous to a definitive treaty. 
A militant fnnvf.'..ii is a treaty made Iwtween the com- 
manders of two opposing armies concerning the terms on 
which a temporary cessation of hostilities shall take place 
between them. 
So to the 'Change, and there bought 32. worth of things 
for Mrs. Knipp, my Valentine, which Is pretty to see how 
my wife is come to convention with me that whatever I 
do give to anybody else, I shall give her as much. 
Pepyi, Diary, III. 80. 
And flrst of all, it is worth while to note that properly 
the word Treaty is applied exclusively to political and com- 
m.Tcial objects; while the less pretentious though longer 
denomination of Convention is bestowed on special agree- 
ments of all kinds as, for instance, international arrange- 
ments about postage, telegraphs, or literary rights. 
underlie them: as, the conventional^ forms of convention-dollar (kon-yen'shon-dol'ftr), n. 
[< con- 
bargain or 
tion to pay for use and occupation, incurred 
by occupying another's land without agree- 
ment. 
Conventional services reserved by tenures upon grants, 
made out of the crown or knights service. 
Sir M. Hale, Hist. Com. Law of Eng. conventual (kon-ven'tu-al), a. and . 
The buyer (if It be but a sorry postchaise) cannot go 
forth with the seller thereof into the street, . . . but 
he views his canventionut ... as if lie was going along 
with him to Hyde Park Comer to ttght a duel. 
Sterne, Sentimental Journey. 
Conventional estates, those freeholds, not of inheri- 
tance or estates for life, which are created by the express 
acts of the parties, in contradistinction to those which 
are legal, and arise from the operation and construction 
of law. Conventional obligations, obligations result- 
ing from the actual agreement of parties, in contradistinc- 
tion t.i natural or legal obligations. 
The same thing is true of treaties of peace as of all other 
conventions, that they are of no validity where the govern- 
H'oo/nei/, Introd. to Inter. Law, { 151. 
5. General agreement; tacit understanding; 
common consent, as the foundation of a custom, 
an institution, or the like. 
A useful i-o/u-' ntiun gradually restricted the arbitrary 
use of these phonograms. 
Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 85. 
The poet is by nature a fiery creature, incapable of ton- 
Ing down his spontaneous feelings to the rules of social 
eaneention. X- -<- -., CXXXIX. 581. 
BladntwxTs Mag. conven tionalism (kon-ven'shon-al-izm), n. [< 
conventional + -ism.] 1. Adherence or the ten- 
lations, and precedents ; conventionality ; for- 
malism. 
Nothing endures to the point of conventianaluin which 
is not based upon lasting rules. 
Stedman, Viet. Poete, p. 182. 
ConaetMonalitm, indeed, is the modem name for that 
which stands here for the opposite of religion; and we can 
judge from this in what way religion itself was conceived, 
for the opposite of coiieentionalimi is freshness of feeling, 
enthusiii-iii J. R. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 123. 
2. That which is received or established by con- 
6. A customary rule, regulation, or require- vention or agreement ; a conventional phrase, 
ment, or such rules collectively ; something f orm , ceremony, etc. ; something depending on 
more or less arbitrarily established, or required conventional rules and precepts. 
by common consent or opinion ; a convention- , . ,_ ,, _,, , ^.^^^ 
ality ; a precedent. 
In order to denote tin- rate of movement along the 
height and liase of an inclined plane in terms of the rate 
We must be content with the eonim/iona/unim of vile 
solid knots and lumps of marble, instead of the golden 
cloud which encircles the fair human face with its a\ in.- 
mystery. ' 
[= F- 
eonventuel = fr'. 8p. Pg.' conventual =It. conven- 
tuale, < ML. conventual!*, < amventus, a convent : 
see convent.'} I. a. Belonging to a convent ; 
monastic r as, conventual priors. 
The Abbot and nionkes contirntuall. 
Rom. of Partmay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3410. 
Conventual regularity. Thacteray. 
Conventual church, the church attached or belonging 
to a convent. 
In southern Italy . . . even a metropolitan church wa 
not likely to reach, in point of mere size, to the measure 
of a second-class cathedral or conventual church in Eng- 
land, or even in Normandy. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 297. 
Conventual mass. Seemowi. 
II. " 1. One who lives in a convent; a 
monk or a nun. 
The venerable conventual. Adduon, Spectator, No. 165. 
2. [cap.~\ A member of one of the two great 
branches of the Franciscan order, the other 
being the Observants. See Franciscan. They 
live In convent*, follow a mitigated rule, wear a black 
habit and cowl, and do not go barefooted. 
The Franciscans . . . hail so far swerved from the ot.lj. 
gations of their institute, which Interdicted the poe- 
sion of property of any description, that they owned large 
estates. . . . Those who indulged in this latitude were 
called conventual*, while the comparatively small num- 
