conviction 
jury or other legal tribunal that the person on 
trial is guilty of the offense charged: some- 
times used as implying judgment or sentence. 
condemnation upon proof or reasoning; con- 
futation. 
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, 
Or subtle shifts conviction to evade. 
Milton, P. R., iv. 308. 
Summary conviction, a conviction had without trial 
bv jury as in cases of contempt of court, of attempt to 
corrupt or withhold evidence, of malversation by pel-sons 
intrusted with the criminal police of the country, of cer- 
tain offenses against the revenue laws, and in proceedings 
before sheriffs and justices of the peace for minor offenses. 
Under conviction, in a state of compunction and re- 
pentance for sin, preliminary to conversion : used in Meth- 
odist and Baptist " revivals. " = Syn. 2 and 3. Belit.f, Faith, 
etc. See persuasion. 
convictism (kon'vik-tizm), n. [< convict, n.,+ 
12-16 convoke 
We do not wish to force them into the right path, but convivially (kon-viv'i-al-i), adr. Ill a spirit of 
I,, ,,,;-*,,ade them. _ ^ __ t DI __ TTT _ conviviality ; iii a convivial manner ; festively: 
as, conriviallji inclined. 
convocant(kon'vo-kant), . [< L. convocan(t-)s, 
ppr. of convocare, convoke : see convoke, conno- 
tate.] One who convokes ; a couvoker. [Rare.] 
This body was uncanonically assembled ; owning no 
higher mnnoeaat than Tricoilpi, "Minister of Worship, and 
Schinas, of Education. J. M. Settle, Eastern Church, i. 60. 
Smith and Wace, Diet. Christ. Biog., III. 504. 
<n by believin, 
ou, then learn U 
ing from the closest, severest scrutiny, which may proba- 
bly bring you to be convinced, notpermaded, of the ibinga 
you first believed. Caroline fox, Journal, p. 119. 
convincement (kou-vins'ment), . [< convince 
+ -ment.] The 'act, process, or fact of con- 
vincing, or of being convinced ; conviction. convocatet (kon vo-kat), v. t. 
They taught compulsion without convincewent. 
Milton, Hist. Eng., iii. 
It was not in vain that he [George Fox] travelled ; God, 
in most places, sealing his commission with the amviwv- 
ment of some of all sorts, as well publicans as sober pro- 
fessors of religion. Penn, Rise and Progress of Quakers, v. 
His address was much devoted to the convincement of 
his hearers. The American, VIII. 341. 
[< L. cotiFoeatvx, 
pp. of convocare, convoke: see convoke.] To 
convoke; call or summon to meet ; assemble by 
summons. 
Archiepiscopal or metropolitan- prerogatives are those 
mentioned In old imperial constitutions, to convocate the 
holy bishops under them within the compass of their own 
provinces. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. 8. 
St. James . . . was president of that synod which the 
The V convict system (which see, under C0 nvincer (kon-viu'ser), n. One who or that Kposl ' j*. Taylor, Woikt (ed, 1886), IL W. 
convict, n.). 
The evils of convictism. W. H&ivitt. 
convictive (kon-vik'tiv), a. [< convict + -ire.] 
Having the power to convince or convict. 
[Rare or obsolete.] 
The most close and concictive method that may be. 
Dr. U. More, Antidote against Idolatry, Pref. 
cqnvictively (kon-vik'tiv-li), adv. 
tive or convincing manner. 
which convinces, manifests, or proves. 
For the divine light was now only a convinces of his 
[Adam's] miscarriages, but administered nothing of the 
divine love and power. 
Dr. H. More, Lief, of Moral Cabbala, iii. 
convincible (kon-vin'si-bl), a. [= Sp. convent i- 
ble = Pg. convencivel ; as convince + -iblej] 1 . 
Capable of being convinced. 2f. Capable of 
In a convic- ,,/ ,i i8proved * refuted. 
The truth of the gospel had clearly shined in the sim- 
plicity thereof, and so convictivety against all the follies 
and impostures of the former ages. 
l>r. H. More, Epistles to the Seven Churches, p. 141. 
Power of 
Convincible falsities. Sir T. Bmu-ne, Vulg. Err., iii. 9. 
3f. Capable or worthy of being convicted ; cul- 
pable. 
time is not only co 
manifest impiety. 
incible and statute-madness, 
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 4ii. 
convictiveness (kou-vik'tiv-nes), . 
convicting. 
COnvictor (kou-vik'tor), n. [= It. convittore, < convincingly (kou-vin'siug-li), adv. In a con- 
L. conHctor, one who lives with another, a table- vi nc i n g manner; in a manner to compel as- 
companion, messmate, < convivere, live together: sent, or to leave no room for doubt. 
see convive, v.] A member of the University ot convincingness (kon-vin' sing-lies), n. The 
Oxford who, though not belonging to the foun- p Ower o f convincing, 
datum of any college or hall, has been a regent, convitiatet, v. t. See conviciate. 
and has constantly kept his name on the books convitiouSt, " See conriciowt. 
of some college or hall from the time of his ad- convivalt (kon-vi'val), a. and . [= Pg. cow- 
mission to that of taking his master's or doctor's n > ; _ it,, convivale", < L. convivalis, p< 
degi'ee. 
convince (kon-vins'), c. (. ; pret. and pp. con- 
vinced, ppr. convincing. [= F. coin-aincre, OF. 
convenquer, convencer = Pr. Sp. Pg. eonreneer = 
It. convincere, < L. cotivincerc, overcome, con- 
quer, convict of error or crime, show clearly, 
demonstrate, < com- (intensive) + vincere, con- 
2uer: see victor and vanquish, and ci. convict.] 
. To persuade or satisfy by argument or evi- 
truth. 
For he mightily convinced the Jews, 
the scriptures that Jesus was Christ. 
Argument never convinces any man against his will. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 18. 
2f. To evince ; demonstrate ; prove. 
And, which cwwiitceth excellence in him, 
A principal admirer of yourself. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. ;i. 
Yet this, sure, methinks, convinces a power for the sov- 
ereign to raise payments for land forces. 
Quoted by Hallam. 
pertaining 
to a feaster or guest, < conviva, a feaster, guest : 
.see convive, v., and cf. convivial,] I. a. Same 
as convivial. 
The same wa* a roni'trul dish. 
,S'iV T. tiruirnr, Vulg. Err., iii. 25. 
II. n. A guest. 
The number of the conninals atpriuate entertainments 
exceeded not nine, nor were vnder three. 
Sand!/", Travailes, p. '. 
be 
con- 
carouse 
together, < conviva, one who feasts with another, 
. shewing by a table-companion, guest, < convivere, live toge- 
Acts xviii. 28. ther, < com-, together, + mere, live : see vital, 
vivid, victual, and cf. convivial.] To feast. 
First, all you peers of Greece, go to my tent ; 
There in the full convive you. Shak., T. and C., iv. 5. 
convive (kon'vev or -viv), i. [< F. convive = 
Pg. It. conviva, < L. conviva, a guest, a table- 
companion: see convive, v., and cf. convival, con- 
vivial.] A boon companion ; one who is con- 
vivial ; a guest at table. 
Yet where is the Host? and his convives where? 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 19). 
It is to be believed that an indifferent tavern dinner h 
3f. To refute ; show to be wrong. 
God never wrought miracle to convince atheism, because 
his ordinary works convince it. Bacon, Atheism. 
Mine eyes have been an evidence of credit 
Too sure to be convinced. 
Ford, Broken Heart, v. 2. . . . ,, . , . , > 
. , convivial (kon-viv'i-al), a. 
4f. To overpower; conquer; vanquish. 
His two chamberlains 
"Will I with wine and wassel so convince, 
That memory, the warder of the brain, 
Shall be a fume. Shak., Macbeth, i. 7. 
5t. To convict ; prove or find guilty. 
A great number of ... Historiographers and Cosmog- 
raphers of later times . . . are by euident arguments con- 
vinced of manifold errors. 
llakluijt'K Voyage*, To the Reader. 
If ye have respect to persons, ye commit, sin. and aiv 
convinced of |by] the law as trangressors. .Tas. ii. 9. 
Drag hence 
This impious judge, piecemeal to tear his limbs 
Before the law convince him. Webster. 
= Syn. 1. Convince, Perxiutde. To convince a person is 
to satisfy his understanding as to the truth of a certain 
statement ; to persuade him is, by derivation, to atfect his 
will by motives; but it has long been used also for con- Conviviality (kon-Vlv-1-al 1-tl), 
vince, as in Luke xx. 6, "they be jierifuaded that John was 
a prophet." There is a marked tendency now to confine 
f i.-rMi/e to its own distinctive meaning. 
When by reading or discourse we find ourselves thor- 
oughly convinced of the truth of any article, anil of the 
reasonableness of our belief in it, we should never after 
xntfer ourselves to call it in question. 
Addiftm, Spectator. No. 405. 
convocation (kon-vo-ka'shon), n. [= F. con- 
vocation = Pr. coKi'ofiitin = Sp. ciinvocacion = 
Pg. eonrocitfito = It. cmirocazione, < L. convoeu- 
tio(n-), < convocare, pp. mnvocatus, call together : 
see convoke.] 1. The act of calling together or 
assembling by summons. 
Uiaphantus, making a general convocation, spake . . . 
ill this manner. . Sir P. Sidney. 
2. An assembly. 
In the first day there shall be an holy c<mi.octit>n. 
Ex. xii. 16. 
3. [cap.] An assembly of the clergy of the 
Church of England for the settlement of certain 
ecclesiastical affairs. There are two Convocations, 
viz., of the provinces of Canterbury and York, summoned 
by writs from the crown to the archbishops. Each body 
contains an upper house of bishops with the archbishop as 
president, and a lower house, composed of deans, archdea- 
cons, and elected proctors. Constitutions for both Convo- 
cations were established in the thirteenth century ; later an 
unsuccessful attempt was made to incorporate them with 
Parliament. In 1583, by the Act of Submission, their legis- 
lative powers were restricted, and their acts have siuce 
been dependent upon special warrant from the crown. 
The Convocation of Canterbury was the more important 
and regular; but after its prorogation in 1717, although 
its meetings were continued for a time, it received no 
new royal warrant till 1881. The Convocation of York has 
generally been less regular in its proceedings than that of 
Canterbury. Both Convocations HOW meet at each par- 
liamentary session, and the proctors are renewed at each 
parliamentary election. 
In England, the Ecclesiastical body called the Convoca- 
tion, which grew up in the reign of King Edward I., grad- 
ually attained the position which had been formerly oc- 
cupied, and executed some of the functions which had for- 
merly been discharged, by Provincial Synods, consisting of 
Bishops. Bp. Chr. Wordsworth, Church of Ireland, p. 204. 
The convttcationn of the two provinces, as the recognised 
constitutional assemblies of the English clergy, have un- 
dergone, except in the removal of the monastic members 
at the dissolution, no change of organisation from the 
reign of Edward I. down to the present day. 
Stubtu, Const. Hist., 388. 
4. In the University of Cambridge, England, 
an assembly of the senate out of term time. 
A grace is immediately passed to convert such a convo- 
cation into a congregation, after which its business pro- 
ceeds as usual. Cam. Cal. House of Convocation, in 
the University of Oxford, an assembly which enacts ami 
amends laws and statutes, and elects burgesses, many pro- 
fessors, and other officers, etc. It is composed of all mem- 
bers of the university who have at any time been regents, 
and who, if independent members, have retained their 
names on the books of their respective colleges. =Syn. 2. 
Meeting, gathering, convention, congress, diet, synod, 
council. 
such society [wits and philosophers] was more relished by COnVOCational (kon-vo-ka'shon-al), (I. [< CO- 
the convives than a much better one in worse company. vocation + -til. ] Relating to a convocation. 
Emerson, Clubs. [Rare.] 
[= F. convivial = convocationist (kon-vo-ka'shon-ist), n. [< Cow- 
It, conviviale, < L. convirialis, pertaining to a vocation, 3, + -int.] In the C*. of Eng., one 
feast, < convivium, a feast (cf. convivalis, per- who supports Convocation; an advocate of 
taining to a feaster (< conviva, a feaster), equiv. Convocation ; one who favors the revival of its 
to conviriaUs : see convital), < convivere, live to- powers. 
gether: see convive, v.] Relating to or of the convoke (kon-vok'), v. t.; pret. and pp. cox- 
nature of a feast or an entertainment; festal; voiced, y^T. convoking. [= F. convoqiier = Pr. 
Sp. Pg. conroear = It. convocare, < L. convocare, 
call together, < com-, together, + vocare, call, < 
vox (roc-), voice : see voice, vot-til, and cf. avoJce, 
evoke, invoke, provoke, revoke.] 1. To call toge- 
ther; summon to meet ; assemble by summons. 
An active partisan, I thus eomx* / 
From every object pleasant circumstance 
To suit my ends. Wordmvorth, Prelude, xi. 
r'rom March, 1629, to April, 1640, the houses of parlia- 
ment were not fnuvked. Never in our history had there 
been an interval of eleven years between parliament and 
parliament. Maeatilay, Hist. Eng., i. 
2. To call or draw in by claim or demand; ap- 
propriate as H right or power ; claim as apper- 
taining. 
social; jovial. 
Your social and convivial spirit is such that it is a hap- 
piness to live and converse with you. Dr. Notion. 
I was the first who set up festivals ; . . . 
Which feasts, convivial meetings we did name. 
Sir J. Denham, Old Age, iii. 
conyivialist (kon-viv'i-al-ist), . [< coHviriii/ 
+ -ist.] A person of convivial habits. 
Here met the . . . politician, the filibuster, the conriri 
ulint. (i. 11'. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, p. 224. 
. [= F. cow- 
lite; as convivial + -iiy.] 1. A convivial 
spirit or disposition. 2. The good humor or 
mirth indulged in at an entertainment; good- 
fellowship. 
These extemporaneous entertainments were often pro- 
ductive of greater convirialitjf than more formal and pre- 
meditated invitations. M alone., Sir J. Reynolds, p. 51. 
The aula regis, consisting of t licking and council, sought 
iiv to itself the judicial business. Am. (>.. V. 147. 
. 1. Jill''*''. *l'inun>n. ftr. Srr-v/MI. 
