cotton-waste 
Cottontail, or Wood-rabbit {Ijptti sylimlicus 
1296 
veloped in one of the fins at least ; the dorsal flns either 
continuous or close together; the spinous dorsal fin, if 
present, always short, sometimes modified into tentacles 
or into a suctorial disk ; the soft dorsal fin always long, 
if the spinous is absent, both sometimes terminating in 
flnlets ; ventral thoracic or jugular fin, if present, never 
modified into an adhesive apparatus ; and no prominent 
anal papilla. 
COt-town (kot'toun), n. In Scotland, a small 
village or hamlet occupied by cotters depen- 
dent on a considerable farm. Also called cot- 
tar-town. 
cottrel (kot'rel), n. Same as cottcrel, 3. 
CottUS (kot'us), n. [NL., < Gr. KOTTOS, a fish, 
perhaps the bullhead or miller's-thumb.] A ge- 
nus of fishes with an enlarged depressed head, 
typical of the family Cottidtx. The name has been 
used in different senses at different periods. Formerly it 
was very comprehensive, including not only all the Cot- 
tidte, but various other forms ; but by successive restric- 
tions it has been limited by most authors to the sculpins 
and closely related marine species, and by others to the 
miller's-thumb, a fresh-water species. See cut under scul- 
pin. 
cotult, n. [< L. cotula, a vessel, a measure: 
see cotyle."] Same as cotyle, 1. 
Cotylophora 
(6) One of the suckers or disks on the arms of an acetabu- 
liferous cephalopod. (o) One of the suckers, disks, or both- 
ria of the head of various worms, as leeches, cestoids, and 
trematoids. (rf) The cotyloid or coxal cavity of an insect. 
3. [cap.] [NL.] In ornith., an erroneous form 
vm ^ fn & stdne , trie . 
Palladim, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 102. 
cotton-waste (kot'n-wast), . Refuse cotton 
yarn used to wipe oil and dust from machinery, 
and as packing for axle-boxes, etc. 
The color in a state of fine powder is dusted on the 
oiled surface with fine cotton-waste. 
C. T. Davis, Bricks and Tiles, p. 90. 
cottonweed (kot'n-wed), n. A plant of either 
of the genera Gnaphalium a,n&Filafjo : so named 
from the soft white pubescence that covers it. 
cottonwood (kot'n-wiid), n. The name of sev- 
eral species of the genus Populus in the United 
States, from the light cottony tuft at the base 
of the numerous small seeds. The common eastern 
species are P. mmiilifera and the swamp- or river-cotton- 
wood, P. heterophj/lla. West of the Rocky Mountains the 
cottonwoods are P. ang<t*tifolia, P. Fremontii, and P. M- 
chocarpa. The wood is very light, soft, and close-grained, 
liable to warp and difficult to season, but largely used in 'f u( , no an Italian physician (1736-182 9 ) ] Lead 
"w^en^ SQd occurring in white aciculaf crystals, 
monilifera are used as polishing- wheels in glass-grinding, with adamantine luster, first found in the cra- 
COtton-WOOl (kot'n-wuT), n. Raw cotton; cot- ter of Vesuvius after the eruption of 1822. 
ton fiber either on the boll or prepared for use. Ooturnicops (ko-ter'ni-kops), n. [NL. (Bona- 
The principal! commodity of Smyrna is CoUen-wooll, parte, 1854), < L. coturnix (-nic-), a quail, + Gr. 
which there groweth in great quantity. M, eye, face (appearance).] A genus of small 
Sandy*, Travailes, p. 12. Arne can ora kes, of the family Rallidce, con- 
Among other goods, much cotton-wool was brought into ta j mnp . the little yellow rail, C. noveboracsmsis. 
the country from the Ind.es. Everett, Orat.ons, II. SO. (^nSBalBI (kot-er-nik'u-lus), n. [NL. (Bona- 
;, a 
Cotyledons, separate (enlarged) and in 
their seeds. 
-la), n. [NL. ; more prop. Cotyla; 
< Gr. KOTiity, 'a nollow, cup, socket : see cotyle.] 
A genus of weedy composites, allied to Antlic- 
mis, natives of extra-tropical South America, 
South Africa, and Australia. The Cotula of phar- 
macy is the mayweed, Antkemis Cotula, and is used thcra- 
politically like camomile. 
., (kot-i-le'don), n. [NL. (L., a plant, 
navelwort), < Gr. KorvAijiSav, any cup-shaped hol- 
low or cavity, a socket, a plant (prob. navel- 
wort), < KorrAii, a hollow: see cotyle.] 1. The 
seed-lobe or rudimentary leaf of the embryo in 
plants. There may be only one, as in all monocotyledo- 
nous or endogenous plants, or two, as in nearly all dicotyle. 
donous or exogenous 
plants, or several in 
a whorl, as in most 
ConifercK. In m:uiy 
cases the cotyledons 
are large as com- 
pared with tin- rest 
of the embryo, be- 
ing a storehouse of 
nourishment forthe i. Monocotyledon (seed of Arttm macu- 
vnnnir nlftnt in its latum}. 2. Dicotyledon ( seed of Papaixr 
SeV stage or **&> Po.yco,y,edon(seed of ,, 
growth, or they may * 
be small, as in most albuminous seeds, in which the albu- 
men is a supply of food. The arrangement of the cotyle- 
dons within the seeds is very various. The more important 
modifications of position are those of amtmbent cotyle- 
dons, in which the radicle is laid against the back of the 
cotyledons, and incumbent, where it is applied to the edge. 
2. [cop.] .[NL.] A genus of plants, natural 
order CrasguTacete, with very thick fleshy leaves 
and showy flowers. Many species are in cultivation, 
especially for bedding purposes, chiefly Mexican species 
formerly referred to Echeveria. The navelwort of Europe 
is C. Umltilieut. 
3. In anat., one of the distinct patches in which 
the villi of a cotyledonary placenta are gath- 
ered upon the surface of the chorion. 
cotyledonal (kot-i-le'don-al), a. [< cotyledon 
+ -al.] In bot., of or belonging to the cotyle- 
don; resembling a cotyledon. 
COtyledonar (kot-i-le'don-iir), a. [< cotyledon 
+ -r2.] Same as cotyledonal. 
(kot-i-le'dqn-a-ri), a. [< cotyle- 
+ -ary^.] Provided with, or as if with, 
cotyledons; specifically, in anat., tufted: said 
" ' ' when the villi are gathered in 
I'he parent moth is of 
a buff color, inclining to olivaceous ; the eggs are flattened, 
and are laid on the under side of the leaves of the cotton- 
plant. The larva is a semi-looper, and the chrysalis is 
9 "7 e 
Cotton-worm {Aletia xylina}, natural size. 
rt , egg, enlarged ; *, worm, one third grown ; c, side view of full-grown 
worm ; rf, top view of worm ; e, cocoon ; f, chrysalis ; -, moth. 
formed in a loose cocoon within a folded leaf. It is con- 
fined to plants of the genus Gosgypiuin, and in some years 
causes a loss of many millions of dollars to the cotton- 
growers of the United States. It has been a subject of 
government investigation, and exhaustive reports have 
been published upon it. 
cottony (kot'n-i), a. [< cotton^ + -y^.] Like 
cotton ; downy ; nappy. Also formerly cotton- 
OIIS. 
Oaks bear also a knur, full of a cottony matter, of which 
they antiently made wick for their lamps and candles. 
Evelyn, Sylva, iii. 17. 
The cottony substance seems to the eye to consist of 
bundles of fine fibers. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 591. 
Cotto-scombriformes (kot - 6 - skom -bri -for '- 
mez), n. pi. [NL., < Cottus, q. v., + Scomber, 
q. v., + L. forma, form.] In Giinther's classi- 
fication of fishes, the eighth division of Acan- 
thopterygii. The technical characters are ; spines de- 
Fringillidw; the grasshopper-sparrows, ofwhich 
there are sev- 
eral species, 
as the yellow- 
winged ( C. 
passerinus), 
Henslow's (C. 
hemlowi), and 
Le Conte's 
(C. lecontii), 
of diminutive 
size, with tur- 
gid bills, short 
wings, acute 
tail-feathers, 
and a gener- 
al appearance Yellow-wmged Gra^,opper-sparrow ( Coturni- 
suggestive of 
miniature quails, whence the generic name. 
coturnix (ko-ter'niks), n. [L., a quail.] 1. 
An old name of the common migratory quail 
of Europe ; specifically, the I'erdix coturnix, ge- 
nerically Coturuix com munis, vulgaris, or dacty- 
Jisonans. 2. [cap.] [NL.] A genus of quails, 
of which C. communis is the type. 
cotutor (ko-tu'tor), n. [< co- 1 + tutor.] A 
joint tutor ; one joined with another or others 
in the education or care of a child. [Rare.] 
If every means be ineffectual, a special tutor or co-tutor 
is assigned to watch over the education of the children. 
Sir W.Haiiiillnn.. 
cotyla (kot 'i -la), n.; pi. cotyte (-le). [NL.] 
Same as cotyle, 2. 
cotyle (kot'i-le), n. ; pi. cotyla; or cotyles (-le, 
-lez). [Gr. Kmv'fa] (> L. cotula, NL. cotyla), a 
vessel, cup, socket, any hollow.] 1. PI. cotyloj 
(-le). In Gr. antiq. : (a) A small drinking- or 
dipping-vessel, the exact form of which is un- 
certain. (6) An ancient Greek unit of capacity, 
varying from less than half a pint to a quart, 
United States (old wine) measure. The Attic cotyle, 
being the 144th of a metretes, was, according to extant 
measuring-vessels, 0.269 liter. That of Egypt under the 
Ptolemies was about the same. The cotyle of K- ina was 
probably 1.42 of the Attic, or 0.382 liter. The Pergamenian 
cotyle is said to be f of the Attic, or 0.462 liter. The co- 
tyle of Laconia, according to a standard found at Gythinin, 
was 0.954 liter. At least half a dozen different cotylre were 
in use in Ptolemais and Roman Egypt, and there were 
probably many others throughout the Greek world. 
2. In anat. and zool., a cup-like cavity ; an ace- 
1 abulum. (a) The socket of the femur ; the acetabnlmn 
of the haunch-bone, receiving the head of the thigh-bone. 
cotyledonoid (kot-i-le'don-oid), n. [< cotyledon 
+ -aid.] In bryology, a filament produced by 
the germination of a spore : so called on the 
supposition that it is analogous to a true coty- 
ledon, but more properly called protonema. 
cotyledonons (kpt-i-le'don-us), a. [< cotyledon 
+ -ous.] Pertaining to cotyledons ; having a 
seed-lobe : as, cotyledonous plants. 
Cotylidea (kot-i-lid'e-a), n. pi. [NL.,< Gr. KOTV^T,, 
a hollow, a cup, a socket, + -id-ea.] A large 
group of worms, of uncertain extent : so called 
from the possession of suckers or cotyles. In 
some usages it is a synonym of the class Platyelmintha ; in 
others it unites the leeches (Hirudinea) with the trema- 
toids and cestoids. 
cotyliform (ko-til'i-form), a. [< NL. cotyla, a 
cotyle, + L. forma, form.] In physiol., having 
the form of a cotyle ; shaped like a cup, with a 
tube at the base. 
COtyligerOUS (kot-i-lij'e-ms), a. [< NL. cotyln, 
a cotyle, + L. gerere',' carry.] 1. Furnished 
with cotyles. 2. Same as cotylophorous. 
cotyloid (kot'i-loid), a. and n. [< Gr. m>/b/, a 
socket (see cotyle), + rWoj, form.] I. a. 1. 
Cupped ; cup-like : in anat., specifically applied 
to the acetabulum or socket of the thigh-bone ; 
acetabular: in entom., applied to the cavity in 
which the coxa or basal joint of the legis inserted. 
2. Pertaining to or connected with a cotyle. 
Cotyloid bone, a small bone which in some animals 
forms the ventral part of the floor of the cotyloid fossa : 
it has not been found in man. Cotyloid cavity or 
fossa, the acetabulum. Cotyloid ligament, a thick 
flbrocartilagiuous ring around the margin of the acetabu- 
lum and bridging the cotyloid notch. Cotyloid notch, 
the notch in the anterior lower part of the acetabulum, 
which transmits vessels and nerves. 
II. . In fiitom., one of the coxal cavities or 
hollows in the lower surface of the thorax in 
which the coxse are articulated. Also called 
acettibiilHiii. 
cotyloidal (kot-i-loi'dal), a. Same as cotyloid. 
Cotylophora (kot-i-lof'o-ra), n.pl. [NL., neut. 
pi. of cotyloplionis : see cotylophorous.^ In Hux- 
ley's classification, the typical ruminants. The 
term is coextensive with the suborder Jinminantia with- 
out the Trairnlidce and the Camelitlir. It is derived from 
the gathering of the villi of the fetal placenta into coty- 
ledons, which are received into persistent elevations of 
the mucous membrane of the uterus. 
The Cotylophora are represented in all parts of the world 
excepting the Australian and Novo-Zelanian provinces. 
They have not yet been traced back farther than the miu- 
cene epoch. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 328. 
