counterfort 
to relieve the place from without. 2. A spur 
or projecting part of a mountain. 
counte'rgage (koun'ter-gaj), . In carp., a 
method used to measure joints by transferring countermand (koun ter-mand), n. 
the breadth of the mortise to the place where 
the tenon is to be made, in order to make them 
fit each other, 
counter-gear (koun'ter-ger), n. Driving-gear 
3f. To prohibit ; forbid. 
Avioen countermands letting blood in choleric cases. 
Harvey. 
[< F. eon- 
ti-emand (now usually F. contre-mtindat = Sp. 
contramandato = Pg. contramandarto = It. con- 
trammandato, < ML. contramandatum); from 
the verb.] A contrary order; a revocation of 
Have you no countermand for Claudio yet, 
But he must die to-morrow ? 
Shak., M. for JI., iv. 2. 
It was by positive constitution pronounced void, anil no 
more ; and, therefore, may be rescinded by the counter- 
mand of an equal power. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 196. 
separate from the machine to be driven and a former order, command, or notice. 
connecting with it by a belt. - J " Ji 
counter-guard (koun'ter-gard), n. [< counter- 
+ guard; after F. contre-garde.] 1. In fort., a 
small rampart or work, properly a work raised 
before the point of a bastion, consisting of two 
long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, 
and making a salient angle. 2. A certain part coun termandable (koun-ter-man'da-bl), a. [< 
countermand + -able.] That may be counter- 
manded. 
The best rule of distinction between grants and decla- 
rations is, that grants are never countermmuiatle ; . . . 
whereas declarations are evermore countermandable in 
their natures. Bacon, Law Maxims, xiv. Coun ter-m0tive (koun'ter-mo-tiv), n. [= F. 
counter-hurter (koun ter-her-ter), . [= : X . coun t e rmarch (koun-ter-march'), . [= Sp. contre-motif.] An opposite or counteracting 
contre-heurtoir.] In gun., a piece of iron bolted pg contr amarcliar,< F. contre-marcher ; as coun- 
of a sword-hilt, (a) In general, any part of the hilt, 
other than the cross-guard, which serves to protect the 
hand. In this sense the basket-hilt and knuckle-bow 
are counter-guards. See cut under hilt, (b) According 
to some writers, that part which covers the back of the 
hand, as distinguished from the guard protecting the fin- 
gers. See_<7Krtrd. 
counterpane 
of a countermine, as a besieging enemy or his 
works. 
They countermined the assailants, and, encountering 
them in the subterranean passages, drove them back. 
I'rescott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 13. 
2. To counterwork; frustrate by secret and 
opposite measures. 
When sadness dejects me, either I countermine it with 
another sadness, or I kindle squibs about me again, and 
fly into sportfulness and company. Donne, Letters, xxvii. 
Thus infallibly it must be, if God do not miraculously 
riiniitermine us, and do more for us than we can do against 
ourselves. Decay of Christian Piety. 
II. intrans. To make a countermine; coun- 
terplot ; work against one secretly. 
Tis hard for man to countermine with God. Chapman. 
The enemy had countermined, but did not succeed in 
reaching our mine. If. S. &rant, Personal Memoirs, 1. 549. 
counter-motion (koun 'ter -mo -shon), n. An 
opposite motion ; one motion counteracting an- 
other. 
to the top of the chassis-rails, at the rear end 
to check the recoil of the gun-carriage. In some 
carriages spiral or rubber springs attached to the rear 
transom answer the same purpose. Similar devices at the 
front end of the chassis are called hurters. 
counter-indication (koun'ter-in-di-ka 1 " shon), . 
[= F. contre-indication = Sp. contraindicacion 
= Pg. contraindicaqSo = It. contraindicazione : 
see counter- and indication.] Same as contra- 
indication. 
pret. and pp. counter-influenced, ppr. counter-in- 
fluencing. To check or control by opposing in- 
fluence. 
Their wickedness naturally tends to effeminate them ; 
and will certainly do it, if it be not strongly counter-in- 
fluenced by the vigour of their bodily temper. 
Scott, Sermon (1680). 
f- + march 2 .] 1. To march back. 
We all stood up in an instant, and Sir Harry filed off 
from the left very discreetly, counter -inarching | behind the 
chairs towards the door ; after him, Sir Giles in the same 
manner. Addition, Country Etiquette. 
Lights and shades 
That marched and countermarched about the hills 
In glorious apparition. Wordsworth, Prelude, xii. 
2. Milit., to execute a countermarch. See coun- 
termarch, n., 2. 
countermarch (koun'ter-march), n. [= Sp. Pg. 
contramarcha = It. contrammarda, < F. contre- ^ _,_ ^r 
marche; from the verb.] 1. A marching back; C0 untermure (koun'ter-mur), . [Also contra- 
motive. 
countermove (koun'ter-mov), n. A counter- 
movement. 
This is one of the excellent results of the moves, the 
counter-moves,'ihe manoeuvres, which are incident to our 
curious system of party government. 
Westminster Rev., CXXV. 443. 
countermove (koun-ter-mov'), v. i. or t. ; pret. 
and pp. countermoved, ppr. countermoving. [< 
counter 3 , adv., + move.] To move in a con- 
trary direction, or in antagonism to. 
jment (koun'ter-mov-ment), n. 
in opposition to another. 
a returning. 
How are such an infinite number of things placed with 
such order in the memory, notwithstanding the tumults, 
marches, and countermarches of the animal spirits? 
Jeremy Collier, Thought. 
counteract a morbid 
II. n. In med., a substance or an appliance 
employed to produce an irritation in one part of 
the body, in order to counteract or remove a 
morbid condition existing in another part. The 
term is more specifically applied to such irritating sub- 
stances as, when applied to the skin, redden or blister it, 
or produce pustules, purulent issues, etc. The common- 
est counter-irritants are mustard, turpentine, cantharides 
or Spanish flies, croton-oil, tartar emetic, setons, pea-is- 
sues, and cautery. 
the front to the rear, and retain the 
men in the front rank : or a rear rank may be- 
come a front rank by countermarching round 
mure; < F. contre-mur (= Sp. Pg. contramuro = 
It. contramuro), < contre, against, + mur, < L. 
murus, a wall.] In fort. : (a) A wall raised be- 
hind another to supply its place when a breach 
is made. [Bare.] (6) A wall raised in front 
of another partition wall to strengthen it; a 
contramure. 
The city hath a threefolde wall about it ; the innermost 
very high, the next lower then that, and the third a coun- 
termure. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 308. 
countermure (koun-ter-mur '), v. t.; pret. and 
pp. countermured, ppr. countermuring. [< F. 
contre-murer, < contre-mur : see countermure, n.] 
To fortify (a wall) with another wall. 
They are plac'd in those imperial heights, 
Where, countermur'd with walls of diamond, 
I find the place impregnable. 
Kyd, Spanish Tragedy. 
In med., to produce an artificial inflammation or marca; as counter- -1- marK.\ A. AmarKorto- coun ter-naiant (koun-ter-na'yant), a. Inher., 
congestion in order to relieve a morbid condi- ken added to a mark or marks already existing repre sented as swimming in opposite directions: 
tiou existing in another part. for greater security or more sure identification, ga j d Qf fisheg uged as be ^ ril]gg . 
counter-irritation (koun'ter-ir-i-ta/shon), TO. as a second or third mark put on a bale of goods counter . natur al (koun'ter-nat-u-ral), a. Con- 
In med., the production of an artificial inflam- belonging to several merchants, that it may t to nature rR are .] 
be opened only in the presence of all the own- e^^eMAuM (koun " ter- neb 'u -la), a. In 
ers; specifically, the mark of the Goldsmiths' ; nebu]4 Qn ^ osite side also . 
Company of London added to that of the artifi- coun ' ter _ ne gotiation (koun'ter-ne-go-shi-a*- 
cer, to show the metal to be standard.- 2. A "^T . Negotiation in opposition to other 
small device, inscription, or numeral, stamped 
sal of measures or conduct. 
They make him do and undo, go forward and backwards, 
by such countermarches and retractions as we do not wil- 
lingly impute to wisdom. T. Burnet, Theory of the Earth. 
mation or congestion in order to relieve a 
morbid condition existing in another part. See 
counter-irritant. 
counter-jumper (koun'ter-jum // per), n. [<cow- 
ter%, 2, + jumper.] A salesman in a shop, es- 
pecially in a draper's or dry-goods shop, 
morous.] 
Clerks and counter-jumpers a'n't anything. 
O. W. Holmes, Professor, vii. 
[Hu- upon a coin subsequent to its issue from the C o U nter-noise (koun'ter-noiz), n. A noise or 
mint. Such marks are found on coins of all periods, and d b y h ano ther noise or sound is dead- 
have generally been added in order to alter the original 
, _* ^1 _.i_ *_ _j ji ___ *_ _ _! ,,.. ened or overpowered. 
n. An 
counter-light (koun'ter-lit), . A light oppo- 
site to any object, and causing it to appear to 
disadvantage : a term used in painting. 
value of the coin or to give it currency in a foreign coun- 
try. Counter-Opening (koun ter-op-mng), 
3. An artificial cavity made in the teeth of aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in a 
horses that have outgrown their natural mark, different place; specifically, in surg., an open- 
to disguise their age. ing made in a second part of an abscess oppo- 
COUnter-lode (koun'ter-lod), . In mining, a countermark (koun-ter-mark'), v. t. [< coun- site to a first. 
lode running in a direction not conformable termark, n.] To add a countermark to, in any counter-pace (koun'ter-pas), n. [= F. coxtre- 
with that of the principal or main lodes of the sense of that word. pas = Sp. contrapaso = Pg. contrapasso = It. 
district, and therefore intersecting them. Also countermine (koun'ter-min), n. [=T?.contre- 
called contra-lode, counter-lode, or simply coun- mine = Sp. Pg. contramina = It. contrammina; 
ter or caunter. as counter- + mine 2 .] 1. Milit., a mine driven 
counterly (koun'ter-li), adv. In her., same as from defense-works by the besieged, counter 
party per pale (which see, under party). to a mine driven toward the defense-works by 
countermand (koun-ter-mand'), v. t. [< F. con- besiegers, the object being to meet and destroy 
tremander (= Sp. Pg. contramandar = It. con- the works of the latter party. Sometimes the two counterpaled (koun-ter-pald' ), a. In her., said 
trammandare), < ML. contramandare, counter- parties carry their opposing galleries so far as to meet and o f an escutcheon divided into an equal num- 
mand, < L. contra, against + mandare, com- "|^' n _| ub A^ e rp't I r, a iar7o'Psi ! rned to frustrate ber of P ieces Palewise, and divided again by a 
maud: see mandate.] 1. To revoke (a com- 
mand or an order) ; order or direct in opposition 
to (an order before given), thereby annulling it 
and forbidding its execution. 
contrappasno ; as counter- + pace.'] A step or 
measure in opposition to another; a contrary 
measure or attempt. 
When the least counterpaces are made to these resolu- 
tions, it will then be time enough for our malecontents. 
Sicirt. 
the plans of an opponent; 
action or plan. 
any antagonistic 
Domineering, now commanding and then countermand- 
ing. Theodore Parker, Historic Americans. 
2. To oppose by contrary orders or action; 
contradict the orders of. 
King which herein seemed to lord it ouer the Elements, 
and countermand Nature. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 66. 
My heart shall never countermand mine eye. 
Shak., Lucrece, 1 
line fessewise, having two tinctures counter- 
charged. Also contrepale, countervail/. 
. counterpaly (koun-ter-pa'li), a. In her., same 
He, ... knowing no countermine against contempt but lErnal/Mi 
terror, began to let nothing pass ... without sharp pun- a8 uayatea. 
ishment. Sir P. Sidney. Counterpane 1 (koun'ter-pan), n. [Acorruption 
of eotmterpoinfl, in allusion to the panes or 
squares of which bed-covers are often com- 
posed. Cf.f'<niiili'ri>/ic^.] Abed-cover; a cov- 
erlet for a bed ; a quilt ; now, specifically, a cov- 
If he arm, arm ; if he strew mines of treason, 
Meet him with countermines. 
Fletcher (and others), Bloody Brother, iii. 1. 
This Garden was made long after Semiramis' time by a Countermine (koun-ter-min'), v. ; pret. and pp. 
countermined, ppr. countermining. [= F. contre- 
miner = Sp. Pg. contraminar = It. contrammi- 
nare; from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To mine 
276. counter or in opposition to ; resist by means 
erlet woven of cotton with raised figures, also 
called Murxtill/a quilt. 
Her dear, long, lean, little arms lying out on the eininter- 
pane. Tennyson, In the Children's Hospital. 
