Cranchiidse 
or dibranchiate cephalopods, represented only 
by the genus Cranchia, having a short, rounded 
body with two posterior fins, a small head with 
large eyes, the cornete of which are perforated, 
and two rows of suckers on the arms and eight 
rows on the long tentacles. 
crandall (kran'dal), . [Prob. from the proper 
name Crandall.] A masons' tool for dressing 
stone. It is formed of a .Tmnrm 
number of thin plates with 
sharp edges, or of pointed L Iliilllllli ( 
steel bars, clamped toge- Tfflllljjl^*^^^* ^** i ^ 
ther, somewhat in the 
shape of a hammer. KB! 
crandall (kran'dal), 
t. t. [< crandall, n.] To treat or dress with 
a crandall, as stone. Crandalled stonework, an 
ashler having on its surface lines made with a crandall. 
It is said to be cross-crandalled when other rows cross the 
first at right angles. 
crane 1 (kran), n. [< ME. crane, < AS. eran = 
MD. kraene, D. kraan(^nogel) = MLG. kran, 
krdne, LG. kran = MHG. kranc ; also with suf- 
fix: AS. cornocli = OHG. cranuh, clrranili, MHG. 
cranich, kranech, G. kranich = (with change 
of kr to tr) Icel. trani = Sw. trana = Dan. 
trane = W. garan = Corn. Bret, garan (the 
Gael, and Ir. word is different, namely, corr) 
= Gr. yepavof (see geranium) = OBulg. zeravi 
= Lith. yerwe, a crane. L. grus (> It. grua 
= Sp. dim. grulla = Pg. grou = Pr. grua = F. 
grue), a crane, is perhaps related. Root un- 
known. See crane 2 .] 1. A large grallatorial 
bird with very long legs and neck, a long 
straight bill 
with pervi- 
ous nostrils 
near its mid- 
dle, the head 
usually na- 
ked, at least 
in part, the 
hind toe el- 
evated, and 
the inner 
secondaries 
usually en- 
larged ; any 
bird of the 
family Grui- 
da\ There are 
about 15 close- 
ly similar spe- 
cies, found in 
many parts of 
the world, most 
of them includ- 
ed in the ge- 
nus Grits. The 
Whooping Crane (Grus americana). common crane 
of Europe is G. 
cimrea; it is about 4 feet long. (See cut under Grus.) 
The common American or sand-hill crane is G. canadensis. 
A statelier and larger species is the whooping crane, G. 
americana, which is white, with black primaries. The gi- 
gantic crane of Asia is G. Ieucogeranu8,&}\d a common In- 
dian crane is G. antigone. The wattled crane of South 
Africa is Grus (Bugeranutt) carunculata. The crown-crane, 
or crowned crane, is of the genus lialearica. The Numid- 
ian crane, or demoiselle, and the Stanley crane arc ele- 
gant species of the genus Anthropoides. 
Nor Thracian Cranes forget, whose silv'ry Plumes 
Give Pattern, which employ the mimrck Looms. 
Congrcvc, tr. of Ovid's Art of Love. 
2. Popularly and erroneously, one of sundry 
very large grallatorial birds likened to cranes, 
as herons and storks. Thus, the great blue heron of 
North America (Ardm herodias) is popularly known as 
the blue crane ; and the name gigantic crane has been er- 
roneously given to the adjutant-bird. 
3. [cap.] The constellation Grus (which see). 
4f. Same as crinct, 1. 
crane 1 (kran), v. ; pret. and pp. craned, ppr. 
craning. [< crane 1 , n.] I. intrans. 1. To be 
stretched out like the neck of a crane. 
Three runners, with outstretched hands and craning 
necks, are straining toward an invisible goal. 
Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 248. 
Hence 2. In hunting, to look before one leaps; 
pull up at a dangerous jump. 
But where was he, the hero of our tale? Fencing? Cran- 
ing? Hitting? Hissing? Is he over, or is he under? Has 
he killed, or is he killed ? Disraeli, Young Duke, ii. 9. 
II. trans. To stretch or bend (the neck) like 
a crane : as, he craned his neck to see what was 
on the other side of the pillar. 
crane 2 (kran), n. [A particular use of crane 1 , 
the arm of the contrivance being likened to the 
neck of a crane. This use is not found in ME. 
or AS., and is prob. of D. origin : cf. MD. kraene, 
D. kraan= LG. kran (>also G. krahn = Sw. Dan. 
kran) = F. crdne, a crane (a machine), = Gr. ) -epa- 
raf, a crane (a machine), a particular use of the 
1330 
word for crane, a bird. The resemblance of 
Gael, and Ir. craiin, a beam, mast, bar, tree, > 
craiinaclian, a crane (Ir. also a craner), is prob. 
accidental.] 1. A machine for moving weights, 
having two motions, one a direct lift and the 
other horizontal. The latter may be circular, radial, 
or universal. The parts of the simple crane are an upright 
post having a motion on its vertical axis, a jib or swinging 
arm jointed at its lower end to the post and tied to the 
post at its outer or upper end, and hoisting tackle con- 
necting the motive jwwer at the foot of the post with the 
load to be lifted, which is suspended from the end of the 
jib. Cranes are, however, made in a variety of forms, 
di If tiring more or less from this type. Thus, a rotary 
crane is a crane ill which the jib has simply a rotary mo- 
tion about the axis of the post, moving with the post ; a 
traveling crane is a crane in which the load can be given 
successively two horizontal motions at right angles with 
each other. Rotary cranes, again, have several forms, as 
that in which the load is suspended from the end of the 
Traveling Crane. 
jib, and the more complex kind, in which the load is sus- 
pended from a carriage that travels on a horizontal arm 
at the top of the jib, and gives the load a movement along 
the radius of the circle formed by the rotation of the jib. 
Another minor type is the derrick-crane, which employs 
guys to hold the post in position. Walking and locomotive 
cranes arc portable forms, which are also called traveling 
cranes. Cranes are operated by any kind of power and 
with any form of hoisting apparatus suited to the work 
to be done. See also cut under abutment-crane. 
Some from the Quarries hew out inassie Stone, 
Some draw it up with Cranes, some breath and grone, 
In Order o'er the Anvil. Cou'ley, Davideis, ii. 
2. A machine for weighing goods, constructed 
on the principle of the preceding. Such ma- 
chines are common in market-towns in Ireland. 
See craner' 2 . 3. An iron arm or beam attached 
to the back or side of a fireplace and hinged so 
as to be movable horizontally, used for sup- 
porting pots or kettles over a fire. 
Over the fire swings an iron crane, with a row of pot- 
hooks of all lengths hanging from it. 
C. D. Warner, Backlog Studies, p. 18. 
4. pi. Naut., supports of iron or timber at a 
vessel's side for stowing boats or spars upon. 
In some cases it has been found indispensably necessary 
to keep a willful and refractory officer's boat "on the 
cranes." ... A more summary punishment could not be 
administered to a game whaleman than to be kept on 
board as an idle spectator of the exciting pursuit and 
capture. C. M. Scammon, Marine Mammals, p. 258. 
5. A siphon or bent pipe for drawing liquor 
out of a cask. Hydraulic crane. See hydraulic. 
Overhead crane, a crane which travels on elevated 
beams in a workshop, or on high scaffolding above a 
structure. 
crane 2 (kran), v. t. ; pret. and pp. craned, ppr. 
craning. [< crane 2 , .] To cause to rise as by 
a crane : followed by up. [Rare.] 
crane 3 (krau), . Same as eran. 
crane-fly (kran'fli), . A common name of the 
dipterous insects of the family Tipulidee (which 
see). In Great Britain it is also called daddy-long-legs, a 
name given in America to certain arachnidans. The com- 
mon crane-fly or daddy-long-legs of Europe is Tipwla ole- 
racea. 
crane-ladle (kran' la "dl), n. In founding, a 
pot or ladle used for pouring melted metals 
into molds, supported by a chain from a 
crane. 
crane-line (kran'lin), n. Naut., a line fasten- 
ing two backstays together. 
crane-necked (kran'nekt), . Having a long 
neck like a crane's. Carlylc. 
crane-post (kran'post), n. The upright post 
on which the arm or jib of a crane works. 
Also called crane-shaft and crane-stalk. 
cranequint, . [OF., also crannequin, crenequin, 
crenncqnin (see def . ), < OD. *l;raencken., kraeneke, 
an arbalist, prop. dim. of kraene, a crane : see 
OHOM^.] 1. An implement for bending the stiff 
bow of the medieval arbalist, consisting of a 
ratchet working on a small wheel turned by 
a windlass. Also called a rolling purchase. 
Hence 2. The arbalist itself: as, a hundred 
men armed with cranequins. 
craniid 
cranequiniert, [OF., < cranequin."] A cross- 
bowman who carried the large arbalist worked 
by means of the cranequin ; especially, a mount- 
ed man so armed : used about 1475. 
craner 1 (kra'ner), n. [< crane 1 , v., + -er 1 ."] 
1. In hunting, one who cranes at a fence. See 
crane 1 , r. i., 2. Hence 2. One who flinches be- 
fore difficulty or danger ; a coward. 
craner' 2 (kra'ner), . [< crane 2 + -cr 1 .] An 
official in charge of a public crane for weigh- 
ing. 
Some country towns of Ireland have in the market- 
place a crane for the weighing of goods, produce, etc. An 
official, popularly the craner, has charge of the machine, 
who gives a certificate of weight to all concerned, a dic- 
tum uncontrovertible. This is called the craner's note, 
and when any one makes an assertion of the "long-bow" 
nature, a sceptic auditor will say, "Very nice; but I 
should like the craner's note for that." 
JV. and Q., 4th ser., VIII. 123. 
crane's-bill, cranesbill (kranz'bil), n. 1. The 
popular name of plants of the genus Geranium, 
from the long, slender beak of their fruit. See 
Geranium. 
Is there any blue half so pure, and deep, and tender, as 
that of the large crane's-bill, the Geranium pratense of 
the botanists? W. mack. Phaeton, xx. 
2. A pair of long-nosed pincers used by sur- 
geons Stinking crane's-bill Same as herb-rnbert. 
crane-shaft, crane-stalk (kran'shaft, -stak), 
w. Same as crane-post. 
cranett (kra'net), n. Same as crinct, 1. 
crang, n. See krang. 
Crangon (krang'gpn), n. [NL., < Gr. upayyuv, 
a kind of shrimp or prawn.] A genus of ma- 
crurous crustaceans, typical of the family Cran- 
gonidce. The best-known species is the com- 
mon shrimp of Europe, C. riilgaris. 
Crangonidae (krang-gon'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
Crangon + -ida;.] The family of shrimps typi- 
fied by the genus Crangon: often merged in 
some other family. 
crania 1 , w. Plural of cranium. 
Crania 2 (kra'ni-a), . [NL. (Rotzius, 3781), < 
ML. cranium, skull.] A genus of lirachiopoda, 
typical of the family Craniidte. See cut under 
Craniida;. 
The genus Crania appearetl for the first time during the 
Silurian period, and has continued to be represented up 
to the present time. Davidson, Encyc. Brit., IV. 194. 
craniacromial (kra"ni-a-kr6'mi-al), a. [< cra- 
nium + acromion + -a/.] In anat., pertaining 
to the skull and shoulder, or the pectoral arch : 
specifically applied to a group of muscles repre- 
sented in man by the sternocleidomastoideus 
and trapezius. 
Oraniadae (kra-ni'a-de), n. pi. [NL.] Same as 
Craniidai. J. E. Gray, 1840. 
cranial (kra'ni-al), a. [< NL. cranialis, < cra- 
nium, the skull: see cranium."] 1. Relating in 
any way to the cranium or skull. 
The cartilaginous cranial mass contracts In front of the 
orbits. Owen, Anat., vi. 
Specifically 2. Pertaining to the cranium 
proper, or to that part of the skull which in- 
closes the brain, as distinguished from the face : 
opposed to facial Cranial angle. See craniometry. 
Cranial bones, the bones of the cranium proper, as 
distinguished from those of the face and jaws. In man they 
are reckoned as eight in number : the occipital, the two pa- 
rietals, the two temporals, the frontal, the sphenoid, and 
the ethmoid ; but all these are compound bones, except- 
ing the parietals ; even the frontal consists of a pair. See 
cut under craniofacial. Cranial nerves, those nerves 
which make their exit from the cranial cavity through 
cranial foramina, whether arising from the brain or the 
spinal cord. There are from three to twelve pairs, the 
latter being the usual number. \Vhen twelve in number, 
they are (in the order given) the olfactory, the optic, the 
motor oculi, the pathetic or trochlear, the trigeminal or tri- 
facial, the abducent, the facial, the auditory, the glossopha- 
ryngeal, the pneumogastric, the spinal accessory, and the 
hypoglossal. The lowest vertebrate (of the genus Amphi- 
oxitg) has the trigeminal, the pneumogastric (with the glos- 
sopharyngeal and spinal accessory), and the hypoglossal. 
Cranial segments, certain divisions of the cranium 
proper. They are the occipital segment, consisting of the 
occipital bone alone ; the parietal, consisting of parts of 
the sphenoid and the parietal bones ; and the frontal, con- 
sisting of parts of the sphenoid and the frontal bones. 
These correspond with the three cerebral vesicles of the 
embryo. Cranial vertebra, certain divisions of the 
whole skull, theoretically supposed to represent or to be 
modified vertebrre. In Owen's view they are four in num- 
ber : the epencephalic or occipital, the mesencephalic or 
parietal, the proscncephalic or frontal, and the rhillen- 
cephalic or nasal. They include the bones of the face and 
jaws, and even of the fore limbs. 
Craniata (kra-ni-a'ta), H. ;>?. [NL., < cranium, 
q. v., + -atift.1 Same as Craniota. 
craniid (kra'ui-id), H. A braehiopod of the 
family Craniidce. 
