crape-cloth 
crape-Cloth (kvap'kloth), . A woolen mate- 
rial, heavier and of greater width than crape, 
but crimped and crisped in imitation of it, used 
for mourning garments. 
crape-fish (krap'flsh), . [< crape (obscure) + 
Jish.} Codfish salted and pressed to hardness. 
crape-hair (krap'har), . Loose hair used by 
actors for making false beards, etc. 
craplet, . An obsolete variant of grapple. 
They did the monstrous Scorpion vew 
With ugly craples crawling in their way. 
Spenser, V. Q., V. viii. 40. 
crapnelt, < An obsolete variant of grapnel. 
crappet, An obsolete form of erOfP. 
crappie (krap'i), n. [Origin obscure. Cf. P. 
crape, the crabfish.] A sunfish, Pomojcys (i)iini- 
laris, of the family Centrarchida.', found in the 
Mississippi. It has a compressed body, incurved pro- 
tile, and the relative positions of the dorsal and anal fins 
Crappie (Pomoxjrs annularis). 
are oblique that is, not directly opposite. There are 
from 6 to 8 spines in the dorsal and in the anal fin. Its 
color is a silvery olive with brassy sheen, and mottled with 
greenish. It is common in the Mississippi valley and the 
Southern States, and is sometimes esteemed as a food-nsh. 
Also called campbellite , newlitjht, and bachelor. 
crappit-head (krap'it-hed), n. [< Sc. erappit, . 
pp. of crap, stuff, lit. fill the crap or crop (see 
crap 1 , crop), + head.] A haddock's head stuffed 
with the roe, oatmeal, suet, onions, and pep- 
per. [Scotch.] 
I expected him sae faithfully, that I gae a look to mak- 
ing the friar's chicken mysell, and the crappit-heads too. 
Scott, Guy Mannering, xxxii. 
craps (kraps), n. pL [ME. crappes, craps, chaff; 
prop. pi. of crap 2 , q.v.] 1. Chaff. [Prov.Eng.j 
2. The seed-pods of wild mustard or char- 
lock. [Scotch.] 3. The refuse of hogs' lard 
burned before a fire. [Prov. Eng.] 
crapulat (krap'u-la), n. [L., < <3r. Kpantafa], a 
drunken sickness, intoxication.] Same as crap- 
ulence. 
The drunkard now supinely snores ; . . . 
Yet when he wakes, the swine shall find 
A erapula remains behind. 
Cotton, Night, Quatrains. 
crapulet (krap'ul), . [F., < L. erapula, drunk- 
enness: see erapula.} Same as crapulence. 
crapulence (krap'u-lens), . [< crapulent: see 
-ence.} Drunkenness; a surfeit, or the sick- 
ness following drunkenness. 
crapulent (krap'u-lent), a. [< LL. crapulentus, 
drunk, < L. erapula, drunkenness: see erapula.} 
Same as crapulous. 
crapulous (krap'u-lus), a. [= F. crapuleux, < 
LL. crapulosus, drunken, < L. erapula, drunken- 
ness : see erapula.'} Drunken ; given up to ex- 
cess in drinking; characterized by intemper- 
ance. [Bare.] 
I suppose his distresses and his crapulous habits will 
not render him difficult on this head. 
Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 434. 
Rather than such cockney sentimentality as this, as an 
education for the taste and sympathies, we prefer the most 
craptdous group of boors that Teniers ever painted. 
George Eliot, Essays, p. 142. 
crapy (kra'pi), a. [< crape -r- -y*.} Like crape ; 
having the appearance of crape that is, hav- 
ing the surface crimped, crisped, or waved, 
either irregularly or in little corrugations 
nearly parallel. 
Her . . . delicate head was encircled by a sort of crapy 
cloud of bright hair. H . B. Stowe, Chimney Corner, x. 
craret (krar), n. [Also written crayer and cray; 
Sc. crayar, crear ; < ME. crayer, krayer = OSw. 
krejare, a small vessel with one mast, < OF. 
craier, ML. craiera, creyera, etc. ; origin ob- 
scure.] A slow unwieldy trading-vessel for- 
merly used. 
Coggez and crayers, than crossez thaire mastez, 
At the commandment of the kynge, uncoverde at ones. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 738. 
A certain crayer of one Thomas Motte of Cley, called 
the Peter (wherein Thomas Smith was master). 
Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 168. 
What coast thy sluggish crare 
Might easiliest harbour in? 
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 
craset, v. and n. See craze. 
crash! (krash), v. [Early mod. E. crasshe, < 
ME. crasshen, craschen, gnash, grate, as teeth, 
1334 
break, shatter, an imitative variation (with 
change of s to sh: cf. clash, dash, smash, etc.) 
of crasen, break: see craze.'} I. intrans. To 
make a loud, clattering, complex sound, as of 
many solid things falling and breaking toge- 
ther ; fall down or in pieces with such a noise. 
Sinks the full pride her ample walls enclos'd 
In one wild havoc crash'd, with burst beyond 
Heaven's loudest thunder. Mallet, Excursion. 
Thunder crashes from rock 
To rock. M. Arnold, Rugby Chapel. 
II. trans. To cause to make a sudden, violent 
sound, as of breaking or dashing in pieces; dash 
down or break to pieces violently with a loud 
noise ; dash or shiver with tumult and violence. 
He shak't his head and crasht his teeth. 
Fair/ax, tr. of Tasso, vil. 52. 
All within was noise 
Of songs, and clapping hands, and boys 
That crash'd the glass and beat the floor. 
Tennyson, In Memorial!!, Ixxxvii. 
crash 1 (krash), n. [< crasftl, i>.] 1. A loud, 
harsh, multifarious sound, as of solid or heavy 
things falling and breaking together: as, the 
crash of a falling tree or a falling house, or any 
similar sound. 
All thro' the crash of the near cataract hears 
The drumming thunder of the huger fall 
At distance. Tennyson, Geraint. 
2. A falling down or in pieces with a loud noise 
of breaking parts ; hence, figuratively, destruc- 
tion ; breaking up ; specifically, the failure of 
a commercial undertaking ; financial ruin. 3. 
A basket filled with fragments of pottery or 
glass, used in a theater to simulate the sound 
of the breaking of windows, crockery, etc. 
crash 2 (krash), n. [Origin obscure.] 1. A 
strong, coarse linen fabric used for toweling, 
for packing, and for dancing-cloths to cover 
carpets. 2. A piece or covering of this mate- 
rial, as a dancing-cloth. 
crasis (kra'sin), n. [NL., < Gr. Kpaoic,, a min- 
gling, (. Kfpawwat, (~^*Kpa), mix, ^ also E. cra- 
ter.] 1. Inwerf., the mixture of the constituents 
of a fluid, as the blood ; hence, temperament ; 
constitution. 
[He] seemed not to have had one single drop of Danish 
blood In his whole crasis. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, i. 11. 
2. In gram., a figure by which two different 
vowels are contracted into one long vowel or 
into a diphthong, as alethea into alethe, tei- 
cheos into teichous. It is otherwise called syne- 
resis. Specifically, in Gr. gram., the blending or con- 
traction of the final vowel-sound (vowel or diphthong) of 
one word with the initial vowel-sound of the next, so as 
to form a long vowel or diphthong. The two words are 
then written as one, and the sign (') called a coronis, simi- 
lar in appearance to a smooth breathing, or instead of the 
coronis the rough breathing of the article or relative pro- 
noun if these stand first, is written over the contracted 
vowel-Bound, as rayada for ra ayadd, nav for Km tY, apijp 
for 6 avrjp. 
crask (krask), a. [< ME. crash, perhaps < 
OF. was, < L. crassus, fat, thick: see crass.} 
Fat; lusty; hearty; in good spirits. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
craspeda, w. Plural of craspedum. 
Craspedacusta (kras"pe-da-kus'ta), n. [NL., 
< Gr. KpdairsSov, edge, border, + aKouorffc, a hear- 
er, < oKowrdf, verbal adj. of cmovftv, hear: see 
acoustic.} A remarkable genus of fresh-water 
jelly-fishes, the only one known, characterized 
by the development of otoliths and velar ca- 
nals : referred by Lankester to the family Peta- 
sidte of Trachymedusie, and by Allman to the Lep- 
totned'USfB. The only species, Craspedacusta swverbii, also 
known as Limnocodium weoria,wasdiseovered by Sowerby 
in a warm-water tank in London, in which the plant Vic- 
toria regia was growing, and was described almost simul- 
taneously by Lankester and Allman, under the two names 
above given. Nature, June 17 and 24, 1880. 
Crassipedia 
Craspedocephalus (kras"pe-do-sef'a-lus), n. 
[NL., < Gr. itf&nreiev, edge, border, + ne^a'At/, 
head.] A genus of very venomous serpents of 
the warmer parts of America, of the family Cro- 
talidcu. C. lanceolatus is a large and much dreaded West 
Indian species, 5 or (i feet long, known as the fer-de-lance. 
See cut in preceding column. 
Oraspedota (kras-pe-do'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of craspedotus, < Gr. as if *KpaoKttiuTvf, bor- 
dered, < Kpaairtiovv, surround with a border, < 
KpaaneSov, edge, border.] The naked-eyed or 
gymnophthalmpus medusae; the Hydromedu>i(e 
proper, as distinguished from the Acraspeda : 
so called from their muscular velum. 
The term Craspedota refers to those [Medusa-.] in which 
a well marked velum is found, the Acraspeda where the 
same is absent. Stand. Sat. Hist,, I. 94. 
Fer-de-lance (CrasfrdoctphalHS lanceotatus). 
craspedote (kras'pe-dot), a. and n. I. a. Per- 
taining to the Craspedota. 
The Hydroidea and Siphonophora are craspedote, the 
Discophora are supposed to be destitute of a veil, and are 
therefore acraspedote. Stand. Xat. Hist., I. 94. 
II. n. One of the Cras}>edota. 
craspedototal (kras'pe-do-to'tal), a. [< Gr. as 
if */c/MH77TE<S<jTof, bordered (see Craspedota), + 
ovc, (UT-), ear, + -al.} Having velar otoliths, as 
a medusa. 
In both Trachomednsie and Narcomedusse the marginal 
bodies belong to the tentacular system ; . . . while in the 
Leptomedusie, the only other order of craspedototal Me- 
dusic in which marginal vesicles occur, these bodies are 
genetically derived from the velum. 
Gill, Smithsonian Report, 1880, p. 340. 
craspedum (kras'pe-dum),f.; pi. craspeda (-da). 
[NL., < Gr. KpaavfAov, edge, border.] One of 
the long convoluted cords attached to and pro- 
ceeding from the mesenteries of Actinozoa, and 
bearing thread-cells. 
Craspemonadina (kras-pe-mon-a-di'nS), n. pi. 
[NL., for *Craspedomonadina, < Gr. updaireoov, 
edge, border, + [lavac, (fwvaf-), a unit (see monas), 
+ -iw2.] In Stein's system (1878), a family of 
flagellate infusorians, represented by the gen- 
era Codonosiga, Codonocladium, Codonodesmus, 
and Salpingaica, and corresponding to some ex- 
tent with the order later named Choanoflagel- 
lata. 
crass (kras), a. [= F. crasse, OF. eras = Sp. 
craso = Pg. It. crasso = Dan. kras, < L. crassus, 
thick, dense, fat, solid, perhaps orig. "crattus, 
with sense of 'thickly woven,' and akin to 
cratis, a hurdle, and cartilago, cartilage: see 
crate and cartilage, and cf. crask. Connection 
with gross is very doubtful. ] 1 . Thick ; coarse ; 
gross ; not thin nor fine : now chiefly used of 
immaterial things. 
Does the fact look cra* and material, threatening to de- 
grade thy theory of spirit? 
Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 277. 
The most airy subjective idealism and the crassest ma- 
terialism are one and the same. Adamson, Fichte, p. 115. 
2. Gross ; stupid ; obtuse : as, cross ignorance. 
A cloud of folly darkens the soul, and makes it crass and 
material. Jer. Taylor, Sermons (1653), p. 208. 
There were many crass minds in Middlemarch whose 
reflective scales could only weigh things in the lump. 
George Eliot, Middlemarch, I. 171. 
Give me the hidalgo with all his crack-brained eccentri- 
cities, rather than the c-rass animalism of Sancho Panza. 
J. Owen, Evenings with Skeptics, II. 344. 
crassamentt (kras'a-ment), n. [Improp. crassi- 
ment; < L. crassantentuni , thickness, thick sedi- 
ment, dregs, < crassare, make thick, < crassus, 
thick: see cross.] Thickness. 
Now, as the bones are principally here intended, so also 
all the other solid parts of the body, that are made of the 
same crassiment of seed, may be here included. 
J. Smith, Solomon's Portraiture of Old Age, p. 179. 
crassamentum (kras-a-men'tum), n. ; pi. cros- 
samenta (-til). [L., thickness, thick sediment: 
see crassament.} A clot ; a coagulum ; specifi- 
cally, a clot of blood consisting of the fibrinous 
portion colored red from the blood-corpuscles 
entangled in*it. 
crass-headed (kras'hed'ed), o. [< cross + head 
+ -erf 2 .] Thick-headed ; obtuse. [Kare.] 
The imminent danger to which crass-headed conserva- 
tives of our day are exposing the great rule of prescription. 
The Nation, Dec. 23, 1809, p. 558. 
crassilingual (kras-i-ling'gwal), a. [< L. cras- 
sus, thick, + lingua, tongue, -f- -al.} In herpet., 
having a thick fleshy tongue. 
crassimentt, . See erassamciit. 
crassiped (kvas'i-ped), o. and . I. a. In couch.. 
having a thick fleshy foot. 
II. . One of the Crussipedia. 
Crassipedia (kras-i-pe'di-a), H. pi. [NL. (La- 
marck, 1807), < L. crassus', thick, heavy, + pes 
(ped-), foot. ] In couch., a section of diinyiariau 
bivalves having a thick fleshy foot. It was 
