cremor 
juice, or a substance resembling it: as, "chyle 
or cremor," Bay. 
cremosint, cremosinet (krem'o-zin), n. Obso- 
lete forms of crimson. 
crems, . See krems. 
crena (kre'na), . ; pi. erenee (-ne). [NL., < L. 
ercna, a notch : found only once, in a doubtful 
passage in Pliny (11, 37, 68, 180), but frequent 
in later (LL. ML.) glossaries (and appar. the 
source of It. dial, crena, f., craw, m., =OF. erene, 
crenne, f., cren, cran, F. cran (Walloon crcn), m., 
and ult. of E. cranny, a crevice: see cranny 1 ); 
perhaps orig. "crctna, a cut (cf. curing, cut short, 
short: see curt), connected with Skt. ^ kart, 
cut.] 1. In entom., a small, linear, raised mark 
resembling a wrinkle ; one of the projections 
of a crenate surface or margin. 2. In (mat., 
one of the small projections by which the bones 
of the skull fit together in the sutures. 
crenate 1 (kre'nat), a. and n. [< NL. crenatus, < 
a.] I. a. 
L. crena, a notch: see crena. 
Crenate and Doubly Crenate Leaves. 
1. Notched; 
indented; scal- 
loped, (a) In but., 
having the margin 
cut into even and 
rounded notches or 
scallops, as a leaf. 
When the scallops 
have smaller ones 
upon them, the 
leaf is said to be 
doubly crenate. 
The cells are elongated, . . . their margins being 
straight in the Yucca and Iris, but minutely sinuous or 
crenated in the Indian corn. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., I 377. 
(&) In cntoin., having indentations, not sufficient to be 
called teeth, the exterior outline of which is rounded : said 
of a margin. 
2. In fort., same as crenelated. See also cre- 
nelle. 
Also crenated. 
II. n. A zigzag or tooth-shaped work, or 
notch, in a wall or line of fortifications ; a cre- 
nelle. [Bare.] 
Many bastions and crenates. II. Coppte. 
crenate 2 (kre'nat), n. [< crcn(ic) + -ate 1 .] A 
salt of crenic acid. 
crenately (kre'nat-li), adv. In a crenate man- 
ner ; with crenatures. 
crenation (kre-na'shon), n. [< crenate + -ion.] 
Same as crenature. 
From three to five of the cremations being usually visible. 
H. C. Wood, Fresh-water Algre, p. 119. 
crenature (kren'a-tur), n. [< NL. crcnatura, < 
crenatus, crenate : see crenate 1 .] In oot., a tooth 
of a crenate leaf, or of any other crenate part. 
Crencle 1 t, v. A Middle English form of crinkle. 
crencle 2 (kreng'kl), n. Same as cringle (a). 
crenel (kren'el), . [< OF. crenel, a notch, em- 
brasure, F. creneau = Pr. cranel, < ML. crenel- 
Ins, dim. of (L. ) crena : see crena. Cf . carncl and 
crenelle. See also cranny 1 ."] It. The peak at 
the top of a helmet. 2. Same as crenelle. 3. 
In hot., a tooth of a crenate leaf ; a crenature. 
crenelate, crenellate (kren'e-lat), .; pret. 
and pp. crenelated, crenellated, ppr. crenelating, 
crenellating. [< ML. as if *crenellatus, pp. of 
*crenellare (OF. creneler), < crenellus, an embra- 
sure: see crenel, crenelle.'} I. trans. 1. To fur- 
nish with battlements or embrasures; render 
defensible by adding battlements, as a house. 
2. To cut loopholes through, as a wall. 
II. intrans. To add crenelations ; render a 
place defensible by battlements. 
The licence to crenellate occasionally contained the per- 
mission to enclose a park and even to hold a fair. 
StaMw, Const. Hist., 472. 
crenelate, crenellate (kren'e-lat), a. Same as 
cremilate. 
crenelated, crenellated (kren'e-la-ted), p. a. 
1. Same i as embattled. See also crenelate, v. 
2. Furnished with crenelles, as a parapet or 
breastwork : specifical- 
ly, in arch., applied to 
a kind of embattled or 
indented molding of 
frequent occurrence in 
Norman work. 
ay ir 
in 
on the grass, and in masses 
on the boughs of the great 
cedar and the crenelated cop- 
ing of the stone walls. 
George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
[xxxv. 
3. Fluted; channeled; 
covered with indenta- 
tions. 
Crenelated Molding. 
Norman doorway. Kentlworth 
church.Warwickshire, England. 
1344 
The crenellated surface of the sea, modelled with rare 
delicacy and elaboration, adds to the charm of a capital 
specimen of modern English landscape painting. 
Athenanm, No. 3073, p. 377. 
Also crenate, crenated, crenelled. 
crenelation, crenellation (kren-e-la'shon), n. 
[< crenelate, crenellate, r., + -ion.] 1. The act 
of rendering a building defensible by the addi- 
tion of battlements or by the cutting of loop- 
holes. See crenelate, v. 
The usage of fortifying the manor-houses of the great 
men . . . went along way towards making every rich man's 
dwelling-place a castle. The fortification or crenellation 
of these houses or castles could not be taken in hand with- 
out the royal licence. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 472. 
2. The state or condition of being crenelated. 
3. A battlement. 
The platforms, the bastions, the terraces, the high- 
perched windows and balconies, the hanging gardens and 
dizzy crenellations of this complicated structure, keep you 
in iRTpetual intercourse with an immense horizon. 
//. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 46. 
4. Any notch or indentation, 
erenele (kra-ne-la'), a. [F., pp. of creneler: 
see crenelate, v"] In her., same as embattled. 
crenelet (kren'e-let), n. [Dim. of OF. crenel, 
F. creneau, battlement : see erenelle.~\ A small 
crenelle. 
The sloping crenelettt of the higher towers. 
C. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, xliii. 
crenellate, crenellated, etc. See crenelate, etc. 
crenelle (kre-nel'), . [< OF. crenelle, fern, of 
crenel, < ML. crenellus, an embrasure, battle- 
ment: see crenel.] One of the open spaces of a 
battlemented parapet which alternate with the 
merlons or cops. See battlement. Also crenel. 
The Sultan Abd el Hamid, father of Mahmoud, erected 
a neat structure of cut stone, whose crenelles make it look 
more like a place of defence than of prayer. 
R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 251. 
There it stands, big, battlemented, buttressed, marble, 
with windows like crenelles. T. Winthrop, Cecil Dreeme, ii. 
crenelled (kren'eld), a. Same as crenelated. 
The king was asked to establish by statute that every 
man throughout England might make fort or fortress, 
walls, and crenelled or embattled towers, at his own free 
will. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 472. 
crengle (kreng'gl), n. Same as cringle (a). 
crenic (kre'nik), a. [< Gr. apf/vy, Doric Kpdva, a 
spring; cf. npow6<;, a spring.] Of or pertaining 
to a spring : used only in crenic acid, a white, 
uncrystallizable organic acid existing in vege- 
table mold and in the ocherous deposits of fer- 
ruginous waters. By oxidation it forms apo- 
crenic acid (which see, under apocrenic). 
Crenilabrus (kren-i-la'brus), n. [NL., < L. 
crena, a notch (see crena), + labrum, a lip.] 
A genus of fishes, of the section Acanthoptery- 
gii and family Labrida;, to which the gilthead 
or goldenmaid and the goldfinnyor goldsinny 
belong. Several species have English names. C. melops 
or tinea is the Conner, gilthead, or goldenmaid ; C. cor- 
nubicus or norveyicus is the goldfinny or goldsinny ; C. 
rupestris is Jago's goldsiuny ; C. multidentatus is the cork- 
ling, corkwing, or Ball's wrasse ; C. gibbu$ is the giblwus 
wrasse ; C. luscus, the scale-rayed wrasse ; and C. muro- 
Ktoina, the small-mouthed wrasse or rock-cock. 
crenkle (kreng'kl), n. Same as cringle (a). 
Crenuchina (kren-u-kl'na), n. pi. [NL., < Cre- 
nuchus + -ina.~\ In Gunther's system of classi- 
fication of fishes, a group of Characinidce. The 
technical characters are : an adipose dorsal fin, teeth in 
both jaws well developed, dorsal nn rather elongate, gill- 
openings wide (the gill-membrane not being attached to 
the isthmus), belly rounded, and no canine teeth. Of 
two known species, one is South American and the other 
African. 
Crenuchus (kren'u-kus), n. [NL. (Gunther, 
1863).] The typical genus of Crenuchina. 
crenula (kren'u-la), n. ; pi. crenuke (-le). [NL., 
dim. of L. crena, a notch: see crena.] Inzool., 
a little notch ; a little curved wrinkle on a sur- 
face ; one of the teeth of a crenulate edge. 
The rudiments of feet resembling obsolete tubercles or 
crenulce. Say. 
crenulate, crenulated (kren'u-lat, -la-ted), a. 
[< crenula + -ate 1 ( + -ed 2 ).] Notched; marked 
as with notches. 
In most parts it [phonolite] has a conchoidal fracture, 
and is sonorous, yet it is crenulated with minute air-cavi- 
ties. Dancin, Geol. Observations, i. !Ki. 
Specifically (a) In bot., having the edge cut into very 
small scallops, as some leaves. Also crenelate, crenellate. 
(b) In conch., an epithet applied to the indented margin 
of a shell. The fine saw-like edge of theshell of the cockle, 
which fits nicely into the opposite shell, is a familiar exam- 
ple, (c) In entoin., finely crenate or waved : as, a crenulate 
margin. 
crenulation (kren-u-la'shpn), n. [< crenulate 
+ -ion."] 1. The state of being crenulated; 
a series of notches ; specifically, the crenate 
marking of the margin of some leaves. See cut 
under crenate. 2. Fine striation. [Bare.] 
creosote 
The markings at the sides of the petals [in Extracrinm] 
are much more delicate than in Pentacrinus, having more 
the character of stria! or crenulation than of coarse ridges. 
Science, IV. 223. 
creodont (kre'o-dont), a. and n. I. a. Pertain- 
ing to the Creodonta. 
II. . One of the Creodonta. 
Creodonta (kre-o-don'ta), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
Kpiac,, flesh, + o&H'f (bSovT-) = E. tooth; cf. Gr. 
Kptofiorof, carnivorous.] A group of fossil mam- 
mals, considered by Cope a suborder of his 
Bunotheria-, containing forms ancestrally re- 
lated to existing Carnivora, and divided by him 
into the five families Arctocyonidte, Miacidw, 
Oxy&nida;, Ainblyctonidte, and Meronychida;. 
Creodonta were not such dangerous animals as the car- 
nivora, with some possible exceptions, because, although 
they were as large, they generally had shorter legs, less 
acute claws, and smaller and more simple brains. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVII. 610. 
Creole (kre'61), n. and a. [= D. kreool = G. 
kreole = Dan. kreol, < F. Creole = Pg. crioulo = 
It. creolo, < Sp. criollo, a Creole; said to be a 
negro corruption of Sp.'criadillo, dim. of criado, 
a servant, follower, client, lit. one bred, brought 
up, or educated (see creat), pp. of mar, breed, 
beget, bring up, educate, lit. create, < L. creare, 
create: see create.] I. n. 1. In the West Indies 
and Spanish America: (a) Originally, a native 
descended from European (properly Spanish) 
ancestors, as distinguished from immigrants of 
European blood, and from the aborigines, ne- 
groes, and natives of mixed (Indian and Euro- 
pean, or European and negro) blood, (b) Loose- 
ly, a person born in the country, but of a race 
not indigenous to it, irrespective of color. 2. 
In Louisiana : (a) Originally, a native descended 
from French ancestors who had settled there ; 
later, any native of French or Spanish descent 
by either parent; a person belonging to the 
French-speaking native portion of the white 
race. 
Many Spaniards of rank cast their lot with the Creoles 
[of Louisiana]. But the Creoles never became Spanish ; 
and in society balls where the Creole civilian met the 
Spanish military official, the cotillon was French or Span- 
ish according as one or the other party was the stronger. 
G. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, xvi. 
(6) A native-born negro, as distinguished from 
a negro brought from Africa. 
II. a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic 
of a creole or the Creoles : as, creole songs ; cre- 
ole dialects. 
Among the people a transmutation was going on. French 
fathers were moving aside to make room for Creole sons. 
G. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, v. 
2. Of immediate West Indian growth, but of 
ultimate European or other foreign origin : 
as, Creole chickens ; creole roses Creole dialect, 
the broken English of the Creoles of Louisiana and the 
neighboring region. Creole negro, a negro born in a 
part of the West Indies or the United States now or 
originally Spanish or French. Creole patois, the cor- 
rupt French spoken by the negroes and creole negroes of 
Louisiana. 
creolean (kre-6'le-an), a. [< creole + -ean.] 
Pertaining to or resembling Creoles; Creole. 
[Bare.] 
creoliant (kre-6'li-an), n. and . [< creole + 
-4an.] I. 11. A creole. Goldsmith. 
II. a. Pertaining to or resembling Creoles. 
You are born a manorial serf or creolian negro. 
Godwin, On Population, p. 472. 
creophagOUS (kre-of 'a-gus), a. [< Gr. KpeoQa-yos, 
flesh-eating, < xpfaf, flesh, + fyayelv, eat.] Flesh- 
eating; carnivorous. 
It is conceivable that some of these are exceptional cre- 
ophagoua Protophytes, parallel at a lower level of struc- 
ture to the insectivorous Phanerogams. 
E. R. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 831. 
CreophiliB (kre-of'i-le), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. K/>C- 
f, flesh, + 0(fof, loving.] In Latreille's classifi- 
cation of insects, a snbtribe of Muscides, having 
very large alulets, nearly covering the balan- 
cers, represented by such generaas Eeliinomyia, 
Ocyptera, and Musca, and including the flesh- 
flies. 
creosol, creasol (kre'o-, kre'a-sol), n. [Ascreo*- 
ote, creas-ote, + -ol.]' A colorless oily liquid 
(C 8 H 10 O 2 ) of an agreeable odor and a burning 
taste. 
Creosote, creaSOte (kre'o-, kre'a-sot), w. [= F. 
creosote = Sp. creosota = It. creosoto = D. kreo- 
soot = G. Dan. kreosot, < NL. creosota, < Gr. Kptac. 
(combining form prop, upco-), flesh, + GUT- in 
auT>/p, preserver, < okCtiv, preserve, save.] A 
substance first prepared from wood-tar, from 
which it is separated by repeated solution in 
potash, treatment with acids, and distillation. 
It is also obtained from crude pyroligneons acid. In a pure 
state it is oily, heavy, colorless, refracts light powerfully, 
