cricket-bird 
cricket-bird (krik'et-berd), .. The grasshop- 
per-warbler, Sylria liM'iistt /l/t or Locustella nce- 
ria : so called from the resemblance of its note 
to that of a cricket. 
cricket-club (krik'et-klub), . An association 
organized for the purpose of playing the game 
of cricket. 
cricketer (krik'et-er), n. One who plays at 
cricket. 
Most of the professional cricketers wore tall hats dur- 
ing a match. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XL. 59. 
cricket-frog (krik'et-frog), n. A name of sun- 
dry small tree-frogs of the genus Hylodes : so 
called from their chirping notes like those of a 
cricket. 
cricketings (krik'et-ingz), n. pi. Twilled flan- 
nel of good quality, used for cricketing-cos- 
tumes, etc. 
cricket-iron (krik'et-i'ern), *. An iron sup- 
port which upholds the seat of a railroad-car. 
crico-arytenoid (kri'ko-ar-i-te'noid), a. and . 
[< NL. erico-arytenoideus, q. y.] I. a. In anat., 
pertaining to or connected with the cricoid and 
arytenoid cartilages : said of a muscle or liga- 
ment. 
II. n. Same as crico-arytenoideus. 
crico-arytenoideus (kri' / ko-ar"i-te-noi'de-us), 
. ; pi. erico-arytenoidei (-1). [NL. ; as crico(id) 
+ arytenoideus.] One of the muscles which in 
man act upon the vocal cords and glottis. The 
mco-arijtenoideiis lateralis arises from the upper border 
of the side of tile cricoid cartilage, and is inserted into 
the outer angle of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. The 
crico-arytenoideus posticus lies behind the foregoing ; it 
arises from the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, 
and its converging fibers are inserted into the outer angle 
of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. The former of these 
muscles closes the glottis, while the latter opens it. 
cricoid (kri'koid), a. and n. [< Gr. Kpino- 
ring-shaped, < xpwof, a ring (see circus), + 
form.] I. a. In anat., ring-like : as, the cricoid 
cartilage. See II. 
II. n. The more or less modified and special- 
ized first tracheal ring or cartilage, coming next 
to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, in man it 
resembles a signet-ring, being expanded posteriorly. It is 
connected with the thyroid cartilage by the cricothyroid 
membrane and other structures. 
cricopharyngeal (krT'ko-fa-rm'je-al), a. [< 
crico(id) + pliaryngeal.] In anat.', pertaining 
to the cricoid cartilage and the pharynx. 
cricothyroid (kri-ko-thi'roid), a. and n. [< cri- 
co(id) + thyroid.] I. a. In anat., pertaining to 
or connected with the cricoid and thyroid carti- 
lages: as, a cricothyroid artery, membrane, or 
muscle. 
In some of the Baltenoidea . . . the cricoid cartilage 
and the rings of the trachea are incomplete in front and 
a large air-sac is developed in the cricothyroid space. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 339. 
Cricothyroid artery, a small but surgically important 
branch of the superior thyroid artery, running across the 
cricothyroid membrane. 
II. n. A muscle which extends from the cri- 
coid to the thyroid cartilage. 
cricothyroidean (kri"kd-thi-roi'de-an),o. Same 
as cricothyroid. 
cricothyrqideus (kri"ko-thi-roi'de-us), .; pi. 
ericothyroidei(-i). [NL. : see cricothyroid.] The 
cricothyroid muscle. 
= Sp. gritador = It. cfridatore), a crier, < crier, 
cry: see cry.'] One who cries; one who makes 
an outcry or utters a public proclamation. 
The person and office of this crijer in the wilderness. 
Atterbury, Sermons, III. xi. 
Specifically (a) An officer whose duty is to proclaim the 
orders or commands of a court, announce the opening or 
adjournment of the court, preserve order, etc. 
The i|iieen sate lord chief justice of the hall, 
And bade the orier cite the criminal. 
Dryden, Wife of Bath's Tale. 
(6) One who makes public proclamation of sales, strays 
lost goods, etc. ; a town crier ; an auctioneer. 
Good folk, for gold or hire 
But help me to a cryer, 
For my poor heart is run astray 
After two eyes,, that pass'd this way. 
Drayton, The Cryer. 
crim (krim), v. ; pret. and pp. crimmed, ppr. 
crimming. [E. dial., also (in senses 1, 2, 3, more 
commonly) cream, creem; ult. < AS. crimman 
(pret. cramm, cram, pi. "crummon, pp. erummen, 
in comp. acrummen), press, bruise, break into 
fragments, crumble: see cram (of which crim 
is appar. in part (cream, creem) a secondary 
form) and crumb*, n. and v., crumble, and cf. 
i-rim/i as related to cramp*. In form crim may 
be compared with OHG. chrimman, MHG. krim- 
men (pret. tramm), also grimmen, G. krimmen, 
1350 
grimmen (pret. krimmte), gripe, seize with the 
claws. See cramp 1 , n. and v., and crimp."] I. 
trans. 1. To press or squeeze ; crumble (bread). 
2. To press or squeeze out; pour out. 3. 
To convey slyly. 4. To froth or curdle. 
II. intrans. To shiver. [Prov. Eng.] 
crim. con. An abbreviation of the legal phrase 
criminal conversation. See criminal. 
crime (krim), n. [< ME. crime, cryme, < OF. crime, 
crim, F. crime = Pr. crim = Sp. crimen = Pg. 
crime = It. crimine, a crime, < L. crimen (cri- 
min-\ an accusation, a charge, the thing charged, 
a fault, crime ; prob. at first a question for judi- 
cial decision (cf. Gr. upl/ia, a question for deci- 
sion, a decision, sentence), < cernere (/ *cri) = 
Gr. Kpiveiv, decide : see certain and critic, and cf . 
discriminate.] 1. An act or omission which the 
law punishes in the name and on behalf of the 
state, whether because expressly forbidden by 
statute or because so injurious to the public as 
to require punishment on grounds of public 
policy; an offense punishable by law. in its 
general sense "it includes every offense, from the highest 
to the lowest in the grade of offenses, and includes what 
are called misdemeanors as well as treason and felony " 
(Taney). The latter are commonly called high crimes. Vio- 
lations of municipal regulations are not generally spoken 
of as crimes. 
And gif the Kyng him self do ony Homycydie or ony 
Cryme, as to sle a man, or ony snche cas, he schalle dye 
therefore. Mandeoille, Travels, p. 287. 
A crime is a harm I do to another with malice prepense. 
Forgery and murder are crimes. 
If. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 187. 
2. Any great wickedness or wrong-doing; ini- 
quity; wrong. 
No crime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. 
Pope, Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, 1. 95. 
For there never was a religious persecution in which 
some odious crime was not, justly or unjustly, said to be 
obviously deducible from the doctrines of the persecuted 
party. Maeaulay, Hallam's Const. Hist. 
Capital crime. See capital offense, under capital^. 
Crime against nature, sodomy. Infamous crime. 
See infamous. Occult Climes, in Scots law, crimes com- 
mitted in secret or in privacy. = Syn. Wrony, Sin, Crime, 
Vice, Iniquity, Transgression, Trespass, Delinquency. (See 
offense.) Wrong is the opposite of right ; a wrong is an in- 
fringement of the rights of another. Sin is wrong viewed 
as infraction of the laws of God. Crime is the breaking 
of the laws of man, specifically of laws forbidding things 
that are mischievous to individuals or to society, as theft, 
forgery, murder. Vice is a matter of habit in doing that 
which is low and degrading. Iniquity is great wrong. 
Transgression is an act of "stepping across," as tresjiass is 
an act of "passing across," the boundary of private rights, 
legal requirements, or general right. Delinquency is fail- 
ure to comply with the demands of the law or of duty. See 
criminal. 
To forgive wrongs darker than death or night ; . . 
This ... is to be 
Good, great, and joyous, beautiful and free. 
Shelley, Prometheus, iv. 
The very sin of the sin is that it is against God, and 
every thing that comes from God. ' 
Bushnell, Nat. and the Supernat., p. 143. 
The complexity and range of passion is vastly increased 
when the offence is at once both crime and sin, a wrong 
done against order and against conscience at the same 
time. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 98. 
Civilization has on the whole been more successful in 
repressing crime than in repressing vice. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 157. 
War in man's eyes shall be 
A monster of iniquity. 
C. Mackay, Good Time Coming. 
The brutes cannot call us to account for our transyres- 
si'Hi*. F. P. Cobbe, Peak in Darien, p. 143. 
In faith, he's penitent, 
And yet his trespass, in our common reason, 
... is not almost a fault 
To incur a private check. Shak., Othello, iii. 3. 
A tribunal which might investigate, reform, and punish 
all ecclesiastical delinquencies. Maeaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
Crimean (kri-me'an), a. [< Crimea (also called 
the Krim) (= F."Crimee), < NL. Crimea = G. 
Krimm or Krym, < Euss. Kruimu (Krym), of 
Tatar origin : Turk. Kirim, Tatar Krim.] Of 
or pertaining to the Crimea, a large peninsula 
in southern Russia, separating the Black Sea 
from the sea of Azov, inhabited by Tatars since 
the thirteenth century Crimean war, a war be- 
tween Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia on the 
one hand, and Russia on the other, chiefly carried on in 
the Crimea. It began in the spring of 1854 and lasted to 
the peace of Paris, March 80th, 1856. 
crimefult (krim'ful), a. [< crime + -ful, 1.] 
Criminal ; wicked ; contrary to law or right. 
Tell me 
Why you proceeded not against these feats 
So crimeful. Shak., Hamlet, iv. 7. 
crimelesst (krim'les), a. [< crime + -less.] Free 
from crime ; innocent. 
Criminal (krim'i-nal), a. and . [= D. krinii- 
neel = G. criminal '= Dan. kriminal, adj., < F. 
criminel = Pr. Sp. Pg. criminal = It. criminate, 
criminal 
< LL. criminalis, < L. crimen (crimin-), crime: 
see crime.'] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to crime; 
relating to crime ; having to do with crime or 
its punishment: as, a criminal action or ease; 
a criminal sentence ; a criminal code ; criminal 
law ; a criminal lawyer. 
The privileges of that order were forfeited, either in con- 
sequence of a criminal sentence, or by engaging in some 
mean trade, and entering into domestic service. Brougham. 
2. Of the nature of crime ; marked by or in- 
volving crime ; punishable by law, divine or 
human : as, theft is a criminal act. 
Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of 
vice, not criminal in themselves. Addixon. 
Doubt was almost universally regarded as criminal, and 
error as damnable ; yet the first was the necessary condi- 
tion, and the second the probable consequence, of enquiry. 
Lecky, Rationalism, I. 78. 
3. Guilty of crime ; connected with or engaged 
in committing crime. 
However criminal they may be with regard to society 
in general, yet with respect to one another . . . they have 
ever maintained the most unshaken fidelity. Brydone. 
Unsystematic charity increases pauperism, and unphilo- 
sophical leniency towards the criminal class increases that 
class. N. A. Rev., CXL. 293. 
Criminal action. See action, 8. Criminal cases, (a) 
Prosecutions in the name of the state for violations of the 
laws of the land. (6) Charges of offense against the public 
law of the stateor nation, as distinguished from violations 
of municipal or local ordinances. Criminal contempt. 
Seecontempt. Criminal .conversation .inlair: (a) Adul- 
tery; specifically, illicit intercourse with a married wo- 
man. (6) The husband's action for damages for adultery. 
This action has been abolished in England by 20 and 21 
Viet, Ixxxv. 59, but the husband, in suing for a divorce, 
may claim damages from the adulterer. The action has not 
been abolished in the United States. Often abbreviated 
crim. con. Criminal information, a prosecution for 
crime instituted by the attorney-general, in the name of 
the crown or the people, without requiring the sanction 
of a grand jury. Criminal law, the law which relates to 
crimes and their punishment. Certain matters of a quasi- 
criminal character, such as indictments for nuisances, re- 
pair of roads, bridges, etc., informations, the judicial de- 
cisions of questions concerning the poor-laws, bastardy, 
etc., are also often treated as part of the criminal law. 
Criminal letters, a form of criminal prosecution in Scot- 
land, corresponding to a criminal information in England, 
drawn in the form of a summons, and in the supreme court 
running in the name of the sovereign, in the sheriff-court 
in that of the sheriff. Criminal prosecution, the pro- 
ceeding by which a person accuseu of a crime is brought 
or attempted to be brought to trial and judgment. Some- 
times confined to prosecution by indictment. Criminal 
psychology. See psychology. =Syn. 2. Illegal, Criminal, 
Felonious, Sinful, Immoral, Wicked, Iniquitous, Depraved, 
Dissolute, Vicious, agree in characterizing an act aa con- 
trary to law, civil or moral. All except illegal ami feloni- 
ous are also applicable to persons, thoughts, character, etc. 
Illegal is simply that which is not permitted by human 
law, or is vitiated by lack of compliance with legal forms : 
as, an illegal election. It suggests penalty only remotely, 
if at all. Criminal applies to transgressions of human 
law, with especial reference to penalty. Felonious applies 
to that which is deliberately done in the consciousness that 
it is a crime ; its other uses are nearly or quite obsolete. 
Sinful and the words that follow it mark transgression of 
the divine or moral law. Sinful does not admit the idea 
that there is a moral law separate from the divine will, 
but is specifically expressive of "any want of conformity 
unto, or transgression of, the will of God " (Shorter Cate- 
chism, Q. 14). As such, it applies to thoughts, feelings, 
desires, character, while human law looks no further back 
of action than to intent (as, a criminal intent), and at- 
tempts to deal only with acts. Hence, though all men 
are sinful, all are not criminal. Immoral stands over 
against sinful in emphasizing the notion of a moral law, 
apart from the question of the divine will ; its most fre- 
quent application is to transgressions of the moral code 
in regard to the indulgence of lust. Wicked bears the 
same relation to moral law that felonious bears to civil 
law ; the wicked man does wrong wilfully and knowingly, 
and generally his conduct is very wrong. Iniquitous is 
wicked in relation to others' rights, and grossly unjust : as, 
a most iniquitous proceeding. Depraved implies a fall from 
a better character, not only into wickedness, but into such 
corruption that the person delights in evil for ite own 
sake. Dissolute, literally set loose or released, expresses 
the character, life, etc., of one who throws off all moral 
obligation. Vicious, starting with the notion of being ad- 
dicted to vice, has a wide range of meaning, from cross to 
wicked ; it is the only one of these words that may be ap- 
plied to animals. See crime, atrocious, nefarious, and ir- 
religious. 
A subject may arrest for treason : the King cannot ; lor, 
if the arrest be illegal, the party has no remedy against 
the King. Quoted in Maeaulay, On Hallam's Const. Hist. 
But negligence itself is criminal, highly criminal, where 
such effects to life and property follow it. 
D. Webster, Speech, Senate, May 27, 1834. 
O thievish Night, 
Wliy shouldst thou, but for some felonious end, 
In thy dark lantern thus close up the stare? 
Milton, Comus, 1. 196. 
Sinful as man is, he can never be satisfied with the wor- 
ship of the sinful. Faiths / the, WurM, p. 171. 
Considered apart from other effects, it is immoral so to 
treat the body as in any way to diminish the fulness or 
vigour of its vitality. //. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 31. 
To do an injury openly is, in his estimation, as wicked 
as to do it secretly, and far less profitable. 
Maeaulay, Machiavelli. 
He | Straff ord] was not to have punishment meted out 
to him from his own iniquitous measure. 
Maeaulay, Hallam's Const. Hist. 
