croQuette 
tato, etc.) made intn a small ball or other regu- 
Inr fiiriii, mill I'rii-il crisp ;IIH| In-own. 
croquis (kr<>-ke'), n. [!'..< i-rni/m-i; crunch: 
SIT n-iii/iii Hi . | A sket.-li ur iir*i draft ; a study. 
crqre (kror), . | Also wrilli'ii krnn; l:rnr, repr. 
Iliiiil. I.- i-ii r, /.-/iriir (with peculiar r alternating 
with cerebral it): Hind, iilsn l.-uli (with cerebral 
t), < Skt. !;>'// (with cerelinil I), ten millions. | 
In the Kast Indies, ten millions: one hundred 
lakhs: us, n <-mrr of rupees. 
U'licn the old ru|,cc. \\ ...... all, .1 in, some time hack, 
tin- authorities ;it thr mint, knowhm that hctuccn forty 
:oi'i llttv IVOVA had liccn shuck otf. were alarmed lest the 
i Malilishmeiil should In n\ cru hfliucil in tile llrt rilHh. 
II. //. /;.<,//. IHiiry in In.lii., I. 86. 
crosert, See grafter. 
croshabellt, A prostitute; a strumpet. 
1 10)11 thin brilliant height tin- reckless poet (Ueorge 
l'i i Ic i|iiicklv -slid down tn ii tnilrli less respectable jMMi 
tion, and acquired renown ofa dilleretit kind by his clever 
tricks mi creditors, tavi>m keepers, am I iv,,../m/.,7/.,-. 
Kiii-n,: liril., XVIII. 457. 
crosier, crosiered. See m>-r, cm: //. 
Croslet, . See iroWr/l. rrnxsli !-. 
cross 1 (kros), n. (The WOK! appeal^ in three 
different forms, all derived, through different 
channels, from the L. crux: (1) K. cross, < ME. 
crux, crostte, sometimes croce, < Pr. eras, rrnt; 
(cf. misailf, from same source); hence (from 
E.) Icel. kross = Sw. Dan. tors; (2) ME. crnix. 
croyn, croin , cnnn'' . </('.: (see cruis), < OF. crois, 
crui-. croix, earlier crui;, mod. F. crow = Pr. 
eras, crotg (cited above) = 8p. Pg. cruz = It. 
rrofi- ; (3) E. eroMoVi 2 , < ME. rrouche, crucln, < 
AS. irfic, dat. o'MCf, ace. (as L.) crftcem (rare, 
the reg. word being w/, rood : see rood), = OS. 
Articj = OFries. krion; krinse, North Fries, kriitz, 
East Fries. Icriis, NFries. krjtins = MD. kruce, D. 
/)(> = MLG. krici; kritsc, kruce, LG. kriize, krih 
(> Sw. ATI/.V = Dan. kryitx) = OHG. crci, chruci, 
<///-<, MHG. krinzc, Or. kreu: ; all (and prob. 
also W. m>[7, a cross, = Gael, croicli = Ir. croc, a 
cross, gibbet, with verb, W. crogi = Gael, crock 
= Ir. i-riirlitiiiu, hang, crucify) < lj. crux (criir-, 
with short vowel, later also with long, cruc-), in 
classical use 
a gibbet, a 
cross on which 
criminals were 
hanged, hence 
(with adj. ma- 
la, fern, of 
malus, evil : 
see malum), 
torture, tor- 
ment; later 
esp. of the 
cross of Christ. 
L. crux (cruc-) 
is prob. related 
to E. crook : 
see further 
under crook. 
Hence ult. 
tTl*t 
II 
u 
Forms of Crosses. 
i. Cross of Calvary, z. Latin cross. 3. Tau- 
it called from being formed like the 
Greek letter T, fait), or cross of St. Anthony. 
4. Cross of Lorraine. 5. Patriarchal cross. 
f'. St. Andrew's cross, or crux decuss;iM. 7. 
("reck cross, or cross of St. George, the na- 
. s ..ml '.t I n, ;1. mil. 8. I'apaT cross, o. /ril-ifjtlrl rrtl 
Cross nowy quadrant. 10. Maltcsc^mss. Ihc c <! I CTU- 
ha<lge of the Knights of Malta, The eight 
it-nuts of this form nf cross are said to sym- 
bolize the eight beatitudes (Mat. v. }. ti. 
Cross fourchee. is. Cross funny or patte. 13. 
Cross potent, or Jerusalem cross. The four 
'MI, moil crosses are said to he symbolical of 
the displacement of the Old Testament by the 
Cross. 14* Cross flory. 
fade*. Cf. 
cross?, cro-ier, 
etc. In some 
later senses 
the noun mw* 1 
depends on the 
verb. ] 1 . A structure consisting essentially of 
an upright and a crosspiec-e, anciently used as 
a gibbet in punishment by crucifixion, now, in 
various reduced or representative forms, as a 
symbol of the Christian faith. There are four prin- 
cipal Inline nl tin- cross: (1) tin 1 l.nlin ci>i., or crux iwi- 
m/\\u ur ,'n/<itnlii (thr form .^n|iiinsi'il tn liavt 1 lu-t-n used 
ill Ilif rnirituiiiti nf rliristV in hirli the upright isluiiLrrr 
tliiin thtnn*TmbWn, anil is crossed by It near the tup: 
I 'I thr ..,-i.ir i/.viiswi^,j lilrrll-sate CrOSS). Or St. AtUlrflt''* 
:n:i'li' ill tin- furin uf an X: ('*) the cntx roHiiniMa. 
or St. Antluniii'* ITII.VX. made in the form of a T I (*) the 
frYi'i k ivn.vy. mi nin-JKhl ri-. i-~ril iii the middle at right angles 
ii\ a hciiniof the same length. The other forms are. for the 
iiiuvt part, in \ i'ti tit ii is tnr rri le-i.i~tiral. liii'rarellic, or simi- 
lar ends. See the phrases iielnw, ami eruefjlxion. 
U-o in the same rhap.-ll vp.ni the left hoiule of the 
M'\d h>e Anter, in a lyke wymlow, ys the place where 
lonye rema.Mieil Ihe holy rY"*,v*' of ower Sa\ yor t'riste. 
ami tli:il ,^i\nt l.lvnefnnd it. and HUM ther reiuayne noli 
"t it. Tw-kiiMixn. Ilialieof Kni;. Travel!, p. 41. 
Those Messed feet 
\\ hiih t'l'iirt-'rn tiiiiiiln il years ago were nail'd, 
Knr mil ad; anta^i'. nil the liittel 
tihuk., 1 Hen. IV., I. I. 
2. A structure or iiionuuient in the form of a 
eross. or with a ems- upon it. set up by the way- 
side. iii market-places, etc.. in Greet and Ro- 
m&nCfttholio countries, to excite devotion, su.-ii 
are made in various t'nini> ai'.'urdinx to the oee i 
sion or purpose of their erection. I'mcliiiiti-cniMei are 
-li 
1361 
.ih .jii.ulianxiilar 01 hi \;iL.-oiiiil. o|M>n on one or tHith 
.'ides, and raised nil steps. 'I he> Here ll-ed ti.l Ihe ill In . I . 
ill. ill- III the OJM-tl 
air. H 
JUartf'i n-isted 
originully of a IOIIL; shaft 
II a -el ies of step- 
aild surmounted with a 
eio-s Siilisei|iiently an 
aiilud or vaulted 
tin i- sii|i|i'H tid mi pillars 
Mas , lilted round the 
central shaft. SM '""' 
-. Wtfpuiy-criiKitfx 
were so called became pen- 
an. i - IM I. lini-hed Ik-fore 
them. CrHf of i/i'C". 
were raised on vari.m 
i us. as, for example. 
ill all. station of some 
miniele said Ui have hem 
jM-rformed on the spot. 
Another class is the m""- 
tniifnlnl or Hfi'iilffirnl 
cro*s, erected over a griive, 
or where a corpse was act 
down on the way to hnrinl, 
like those erected hy Kiim 
Edward I. at the S.-M i J 
Monumental Cmss. Hvani, 
shire, lingland. 
Iilaeet* where the corpse of 
its queen, Eleanor, rested 
in iu progress from Lin- 
colnshire to the place of 
interment in Westminster. The j*x/m-mi* was a m 
mental cross decorated with palin-liranches on I'ulm Sun- 
ilay. nnitmiarti cru*fK were erected as landmarks. 
She doth stray almut 
l'.\ hols rr.. >.,-. where she kneels and prays. 
fUuOt., M.of V., T. 1. 
hiinrdiii's ,-fnft, a pillar d stone, 
itose on it turret octagon. 
flfi-lt, Marniion, v. 85. 
i 'hailerinus and chatteriligs at tile market *ru*i>. 
T' nini*"u. Holy Grail. 
3. A small cross with a human figure attached 
to it, as a representation of drist crucified ; a 
crucifix. 
We take from off thy hrcastthis holy crutt, 
Which til. in hast made thy burden, not thy prop. 
Beau, and Ft., Knight of .Malta, v. 2. 
From Easter moming till the Ascension, a Crogxof Crys- 
tal, or I in il. was carried in all processions ; just as the 
blood-red wooden cross had been borne throughout Lent. 
Rack, Church of our Fathers, III. II. 254. 
4. Something resembling a cross, or some de- 
vice in the form of a cross. Specifically (a) The 
mark of a cross made, instead of a sig- 
nature, 1 1 ] mi i a deed or other document, 
by one who cannot write, (fr) In her. : (1) 
An ordinary consisting, when charged, 
of a fesse and a pale, or, when having 
no charges upon it, of a liar ami a palet, 
meeting in either case about the fesse. 
point. (2) A hearing having the shape of 
a cross, but in many varieties of form 
and size. Thus, a cross may le aiguise', 
anchored, annulate, liottony, humette, 
etc. See these words; see also below. 
Argent, a Cross 
(iules. 
5. In England, formerly, any coin bearing the 
representation of a cross. The common re- 
verse type of English silver coins from William 
I. to James I. was a cross. 
For they will have no loss 
Of a penny nor of a rroM. 
Skelttm, Colin Clout, 1. 931. 
Mat. You have no money ? 
Bob. Not a /vox*, by fortune. 
B. Jonton, Every Man in his Humour, iv. 9. 
6. The crucifixion of Christ ; the sufferings and 
death of Christ as a necessary part of his mis- 
sion ; the atonement. 
For the preaching of the rrowr is to them that perish 
foolishness ; but unto us which are saved it is the power 
of Hod. 1 Cor. L 18. 
That he might reconcile hoth unto God in one body hy 
the rriai, having slain the enmity thereby. Eph. ii. It!. 
7. The Christian religion, or those who accept 
it ; Christianity ; Christendom . 
A pure and humble religion gently insinuated i t -el f into 
the minds of men, grew up in silence and olrscurity, tie- 
rived new vi^or from opiwisitiou, ami finally erected the 
triumphant banner of therroxg on the rninsof the capitol. 
', IK'elitie and Fall, xv. 
Before the frrwx has waned the crescent's day. 
8. Any suffering voluntarily borne in Christ's 
name and for Christ's sake. 
He that taketh not his cram, and followeth after me, is 
not worthy of me. Mat. X. 88. 
9. Anything that thwarts, obstructs, perplexes, 
or troubles; hindrance; vexation; misfortune; 
opposition ; trial of patience. 
I meet with nothing but erauft and vexations. 
i//, Sehool for Scandal, I. 2. 
It was a permanent mm that was fonirht throughout 
life between Socrates and his olieequious antagonists. 
D< QMI'M.V, Style, ii. 
Seittt. 
cross 
I ions, d the ii i it..i t ii nate army surgeon who had charge 
of the hospital.. .1 ml who wax trying logt-la lit tic sleep af. 
- fatigues and watchini:-. Hi I this rrow very 
creditably. <;. H'. llntinr*, old \ ,,|. ,,f Life, p. 37. 
10. A mixing of breeds in the production of 
animals; an animal of a cross-bri . I . 
The breed of Spanish horncft, celebrated In ancient times, 
had IM en -really improved by tin ./..,. with tin Arabian. 
' id Isa., II. ai. 
11. In l>ot., a cro~- lin-i il in plants, produced 
by cross-fertilizing iniliviilinils of different va- 
rieties of the same spi-cic~. 
Mr. Ijivton has made numerous crnari, and everyone 
has )>ccn astonished at the \ iuonr and luxuriance of the new 
varieties [of plant-! which he has thui raised and after- 
wards tl\ed hy selection. 
/<,>,,, iromand Self Fertilisation, p. 16S. 
12. A four-way joint or connect ion in a wrougnt- 
or cast-iron pipe. 13. In rlrct., the accidental 
contact of two wires or conductors belonging 
to different circuits, or of two parts of the 
same circuit, in such a manner that a portion 
of the current flows from one to the other. 
%Vlien such a cross exists between two lines or 
circuits, they are said to be cross-circuited. 
14. In xjMirtixt/, a contest decided dishonestly, 
through one of the parties allowing himself to 
be beaten, for the sake of gaining money by 
betting or bribery. -Adoration of the crost. See 
ttiloratiun. Ansate cross. See cntx anttata, under crux. 
- Archbishop's or archiepiscopal cross, the pattoral 
stiilt surmounted by a cross. See rrnzier ami jxjgiirral. 
Bishop's cross. Same as paxtural jt/n^(which see, under 
tla/). Buddhist cross. Name as ijanaiuuliim. Cal- 
vary cross, a cross mounted on three steps or degrees 
which are considered as ayiulwlizing Faith, Hope, and 
Charity. Capital cross, in /W., across each extremity 
of which is Mnished with a projecting meniber like an 
architectural capital or cornice. It 
is also called a cross capital, a cross 
corniced at each end, a cross headed 
after the Tuscan order, and a cross 
brick-axed, because the ends resemble. ft"* f^ 
the brick-axes used by masons. Capu- t-n r- VI 
Chin cross, a cross each of whose arms 
is terminated by a disk, ball, or other 
rounded form : commonly across wom 
as a jewel, made of plain flat bands of 
gold, the termination of each arm tieing Capital Cross, 
a blunt cone with a single diamond or 
other stone set in it. Consecration-cross. See cntue- 
cratiun. Cross and pile, an old game witli money, at 
which the chance was decided according as the coin fell 
with that side up which l>ore the cross, or the other, which 
was called pile, or reverse : equivalent to the heailt and 
tails of the present time. 
Item, paid to Henry, the king's barber, for money which 
he lent to the king to play at crox* nmi pile, five shillings. 
Quoted in Strutfl Sports and Pastimes, p. 430. 
CroM I win, 1'ile you lose. 
Mail n-M, Epsom Well* (1673), L 1. 
Cross annulate, in /..',. See aimulao. Cross anse- 
rated, in A.T. See anserateil. Cross nvellane, in her. 
See a rrllajie. Cross baton, in her. , same as rrow* potent. 
Cross bezanty, iu her., a cross composed of he/ants touch- 
Ing, but not overlapping, one another. - Cross bretesse, 
in her., same as tnn crossed. Cross cabled, in her., a 
cross composed of two pieces of rope, one laid upon the 
other.- Cross catoosed, in her., a cross adorned with 
scrolls at the extremities. Cross commlsse. Same as 
tav-crtuu. Cross counter-quartered, in her., a crosa oc- 
cupying the center of the escutcheon, which latter is quar- 
tered, the tinctures being cuunterchaiiKcd. Cross cre- 
nele, in her., same as frniot er"xx.-</. Cross crossed, in 
her. .the cross as an ordinary, with each arm crossed, dif 
ferine from a cross crosslet in reaching the edges of the 
escutcheon and iii occupying much more of the fleld. 
Also called crowt bretr** 1 , cromt crenelt. Cross crossed 
patte, in her., a cross whiwe arms are crossed patte. Abo 
culled a crot* eniialet pattf. Cross crosslet. See crow- 
Mi. Cross degraded and conjoined, in h,-r.. a plain 
cross having its extremities placed njion a step or steps 
joined to the sides of the shield. Cross double, in her., 
.iii whose iimKT itrm I.H. i .M :: ' : .1: Cross 
double-parted, in her., a cross supposed to be cut into 
four quarters, separated one from the others. Also called 
rro< enrcfl-'. -Cross estoile, in Apr, a cross having Its 
four arms sharply i>lntcd, or a star of four point*. This 
may also be blazoned a cross lit die of all four. Cross fil- 
let, in her., a cross composed of the fillet set palewise and 
barwise. the name denoting merely the width of the anus 
of the cross. Cross fltcW. sec ftfhf.- Cross fleury. 
Same tucrwujlory. Cross flory, a cross whose arms have 
floriated ends. Itdirfere from the cross patonee in having 
the sides of the arms parallel for a certain distance, and 
t hen curving suddenly outward at the floriated end. Cross 
formy, in A-r., same as rro# pa/f r 1 (which see. under patte). 
Cross gringol^, i n '"'"., same mcrtaxanteratcd. Cross 
In the hawse OUT"'.), a phrase expressing the condition 
arising when a ship moored with two anchors swings the 
w rung way, so that one cable lies acron the other. Cross 
lambeaux, in her., a croaa set upon a label. The partic- 
ular kind of cross must IN- named in the blazon.- Cross 
mascule. b> Cross miller, in her. See crow 
Cross moline, in her., a cross whose ends are 
di\ idcd and curved backward : so named from the resem- 
blance to the molinc of a millstone. When the imitation 
of the moliiie is very exact, it i. ...metimes called crotl 
millir. Also called fnutit HI/I. . Cross nowy, iu her., a 
cross having a rounded ] rojcction in each an^'le, forming 
a disk, from which the arms radiate. Cross nowyed, 
in her., a cross having projections from the sides of its 
arms. - Cross nowy quadrant, in her., a cross having 
each angle filled with an angular projection forming a 
