cross 
square, from which the arms radiate. Cross nyle, in 
ln'i:. same ;is <v./.v.< aniline. ClOBS Of Chains, ill '"''.. :i 
cross composed of four chains fixed to an annulet in the 
center. Cross of four leaves, in her., same as cross 
<y/(/woi(. Cross of Jerusalem, (a) A cross whose 
four arms are each capped with a cross-bar : it may be 
considered as four tail-crosses forming a cross. (6) The 
scarlet lychnis, Lychnix Chalcedonica, from the form and 
color of the flower. Cross of Lorraine, a cross hav- 
ing two horizontal arms, the upper one shorter than the 
other. See patriarchal crost. Cross Of Malta, or Mal- 
tese cross, a cross supposed to he made of four barbed 
arrow-heads meeting at their points : the sides of the 
arms are therefore eight lines radiating from a common 
center, and the ends of the arms form deep reentrant 
angles. Cross of St. Andrew. See def. 1. Cross of 
St. Anthony. See def. 1. Cross of St. George, the 
Greek cross, as used in the (lag of Great Britain. It is red 
on a white ground, the ground in the present standard be- 
ing indicated by a mere nmbriation or border of white sep- 
arating the red cross from a blue ground, made necessary 
by the combination of the Scottish with the English flag. 
See union jack, under union. Cross of St. James, a Latin 
cross, the longest arm of which represents the blade of a 
sword, the opposite one the hilt, and the two others the 
cross-guard, the last three being tloriated at their extremi- 
ties. When used as a badge of the Order of St. James of 
Compostella, it is red with a narrow gold edge, and has a 
scallop-shell at the intersection. Cross Of St. Julian, 
a cross like the cross of St. Andrew, with the arms crossed. 
Cross Of St. Patrick, a cross like that of St. Andrew, 
but red. Cross Of thunder, in her., a cross composed 
of thunderbolts : it is sometimes represented as a kind of 
star having forked bolts between the flames. Cross of 
Toulouse, a cross resembling the Maltese cross, except 
that between the barbs of the arrow-heads there is a third 
point or projection, as If representing the socket. Cross 
pale, in her., a cross in the form of a Y, used as a bearing. 
Cross patted See patte. Cross portate, in her., a 
tail-cross with the upright shown hendwise, as if seen in 
perspective : supposed to be taken from the appearance 
of a cross when carried on the shoulder. Cross potent, 
in her., a cross each of whose arms terminates with a 
crosshead. Also called cross baton and baton-crow. 
Cross quarter-pierced, in her., a cross of which the cen- 
ter is entirely removed, leaving the four arms touching at 
the angles. Cross quatrefoU, in her., a cross composed 
of four leaves, or a four-leafed clover arranged as a cross. 
Also called cross of four leave*. Cross saltier, in her., 
s&me a saltier : an erroneous blazoning. Cross saltier- 
Wise, in her., any cross other than the ordinary, when 
borne diagonally on the field. Cross sarcele, in her., 
same as cross double-parted. Cross sarceled, resar- 
Celed, in her., a cross twice parted, consisting therefore 
of four barrulets or palets to each arm, the field showing 
between. Exaltation of the Cross, a festival observed 
in the Roman Catholic Church, the Greek Church, and the 
Armenian ami other Oriental churches, on September 14th, 
in commemoration of the apparition of the cross in the 
heavens to Constantine, and the subsequent recovery of the 
supposed true cross by Heraclius, A. i>. 628, from the Per- 
sians. Fiery cross, in Scotland, a signal transmitted in 
early times from place to place, as a summons to arms 
within a limited time. It consisted of a cross of light wood, 
the extremities of which were set on lire and then extin- 
guished in the blood of a freshly slain goat. Grand 
cross, a member of the highest class of an honorary order : 
so named from the greater size of the badge (usually a 
cross) denoting this class : equivalent to grand command- 
er (which see, under commander). Greek cross. See 
def. 1. Holy Cross, (a) The name of several orders in 
the Roman Catholic Church, as Regular Canons of the Con- 
gregation of the Holy Cross, Congregation of the Holy 
Cross, Sisters of the Holy Cross. (b) A society formed by 
clerical members of the extreme ritualistic section of the 
English Church. Invention of the Cross, a festival ob- 
served in the Roman Catholic Church on May 3d, and as- 
signed to the same date in the calendar of the English 
prayer-book, instituted in commemoration of the discov- 
ery at Jerusalem, A. i>. 328, by the empress Helena, of 
what was believed to he the true cross. Latin cross. 
See def. 1. Order of the Burgundian Cross. See Eur- 
gimdian. Papal cross, a cross with three transoms. 
Patriarchal Cross, a cross with two transoms or cross- 
bars. Pectoral cross, the cross worn hanging on the 
breast by Roman Catholic and Greek bishops as one of the 
insignia of their rank. See encolpion. Processional 
cross, a cross placed on a long staff of wood or metal, 
and carried at the head of ecclesiastical processions. 
Ked cross, the cross of St. George, the national saint of 
England. Sign of the cross, in the Roman Catholic 
and Eastern churches, an outline of a cross made by mo- 
tions of the right hand on tiie forehead, or from the fore- 
head to the breast and from shoulder to shoulder, made by 
officiating priests as a mode of blessing, and by the laity 
as a sign of reverence on entering a church, passing the 
host, and on other occasions. Southern Cross, a con- 
stellation. See crux. Spanish cross, in music, the sign 
of thedouble sharp, X. Tau-cross. Same ascrossofSt. 
Anthony. See def. 1. To bear a cross, to endure with 
patience a discomfort or trial. To be under one's cross. 
See extract. 
In some parts of Wales the phrase lie is under his cross 
is a pretty common substitute for "he is dead." 
Athenceum, No. 3069, p. 245. 
To live or be on the cross, to live by stealing : opposed 
to to live on the square. [Thieves' slang.] To preach the 
cross. See preach. to take the cross, in the middle 
ages, to pledge one's self to become a crusader. This was 
generally symbolized by a small cross of cloth or other 
material attached to the shoulder of the cloak or other 
garment. In the later part of the middle ages, those who 
went on crusade against the Turks often had a cross brand- 
ed on the bare shoulder. To take up the cross, to sub- 
mit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ. 
cross 1 (kros), a. [< cross 1 , n. ; in part by apher- 
esis from across. There is no distinct line of 
division between cross as an adjective and cross 
as a prefix. As a prefix, it often represents 
the adv. cross 1 , or the prep, cross 1 , across.] 1. 
1362 
Transverse ; passing from side to side ; falling 
athwart: as, a cross beam (cross-learn). 
The cross refraction of a second prism. Newton. 
The vision is rather dazzled than assisted by the nu- 
merous cross lights thrown over the path. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 13, not*. 
2. Passing or referring from one of two ob- 
jects, parts, groups, etc., to the other; estab- 
lishing a direct connection of some kind be- 
tween two things: as, a cross cut (cross-cut), 
or a short path between two places ; a cross 
reference. 
The closest afflnities of this genus are evidently with 
Cyllene, but there ib an equally evident cross affinity ill 
the direction of Elaphidion. J. L. Le Contt. 
3. Adverse; opposed; thwarting; obstruct- 
ing; untoward: sometimes with to: as, an 
event cross to our inclinations. 
It is my fate ; 
To these cross accidents I was ordain'd, 
And must have patience. 
ISenu. and Fl., King and No King, iv. 4. 
A very cross accident indeed. 
Sheridan (?), The Camp, i. 1. 
4. Peevish ; fretful ; ill-humored ; petulant ; 
perverse: applied to persons. 
What other Designs he had I know not, for he was 
commonly very Cross. Dampier, Voyages, I. 364. 
I would have thanked you before, my dear Aunt, as I 
ought to have done, . . . but, to say the truth, I was too 
cross to write. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, p. 327. 
5. Proceeding from a peevish or bad temper ; 
expressing ill humor : as, a cross look ; cross 
words. 6. Contrary; contradictory; perplex- 
ing. 
These cross points 
Of varying letters, and opposing consuls. 
B. Jonson, Sejauus, iv. 5. 
There was nothing, however cross and perplext, brought 
to him by our artists, which he did not play off at sight 
with ravishing sweetnesse. Evelyn, Diary, March 4, 1656. 
7. Proceeding from an adverse party by way of 
reciprocal contest: as, a cross interrogatory. 
See below. 8. Produced by cross-breeding, as 
an animal or a plant. As cross as two sticks, ex- 
tremely cross or perverse. 
We got out of bed back'ards, I think, for we're as cross 
as tu*o sticks. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xxix. 
Cross bill, in law, a bill filed by a defendant against 
the plaintiff or a co-defendant, or both, in an already 
pending bill, and seeking affirmative relief touching mat- 
ters in such pending bill. A cross bill must be limited 
to matters in the original bill and matters necessary to 
be determined in order to an adjudication of the mat- 
ters in that bill. Cross interrogatory, an interroga- 
tory proposed by the party against whom a deposition is 
sought to be taken by the administration of interroga- 
tories. Cross marriages, marriages made by a bro- 
ther and sister with two persons who are also sister and 
brother. 
Cross marriages between the king's son and the arch- 
duke's daughter, and again between the archduke's son 
and the king's daughter. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII. 
Cross nervure, cross vein, in entom., a transverse ner- 
vure connecting two longitudinal nervures of the wing, or 
dividing a wing-cell ; specifically, the nervure connecting 
the median and submedian veins, and forming the outer 
boundary of the discal cell in the wings of Lepidoptera. 
Cross pile. See pile. Cross sea, a sea which does not 
set in the direction of the wind ; a swell in which the waves 
run in different directions, owing to a sudden change of 
wind, or to the crossing of winds and currents. Cross 
vein. See cross nercure. = Syn. 4. Peevish, Fretful, etc. 
(see petulant), snappish, touchy, ill-natured, morose, sul- 
len, sulky, sour. 
cross 1 ! (kros), adv. [< cross 1 , a. ; in part by 
apheresis from across.] Transversely; contra- 
riwise; adversely; in opposition. 
It standeth cross of Cynthia's way. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. 3. 
Therefore God hath given us laws, which come cross and 
are restraints to our natural inclinations, that we may 
part with something in the service of God which we value. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 62. 
cross 1 (kros), i'. [In early use in three forms 
according to the noun: (1) E. cross, < ME. 
crossen = Icel. Tcrossa = Sw. korsa = Dan. 
Jcorse ; (2) ME. croisen, croisien, croicien, creoi- 
sien, creoicien, creysien, < OP. croiser, cruisier, 
F. croiser = Pr. crozar = Sp. Pg. crusar = It. 
crociare, cruciare; (3) E. crouch 2 , < ME. crouch- 
en, crowclicn, cruchen = D. kruisen (> E. cruise) 
= Or. kreuzen, cross, = Dan. krydse = Sw. krys- 
sa, cross, cruise; all from the noun. See 
cross 1 , ii. ] I. <ras. 1. To draw or run aline 
athwart or across (a figure or surface) ; lay or 
pass a thing across (another); put together 
transversely: as, to cross the letter t; the two 
roads cross each other. 
Why dost thou cross thine arms, and hang thy face 
Down to thy bosom ? 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 4. 
2. To erase by marking one or more lines or 
crosses on or over; cancel: often followed by 
cross 
off or out: as, to cross or cross off an account; 
to cross out a wrong word. 
It was their [the crusaders'] very judgment that here- 
by they did both merit and supererogate, and, by dying 
for the cross, cross the score of their own sins, score up 
(iod as their debtor. Fuller, 
3. To make the sign of the cross upon, as in 
devotion. 
O for ray beads ! I cross me for a sinner. 
Shak., C. of E., ii. 2. 
They cross'd themselves for fear. 
Tennyson, Lady of Shalott, iv. 
4. To pass from side to side of ; pass or move 
over transversely : as, to cross a road ; to cross 
a river or the ocean. 
No narrow frith 
He had to cross. Milton, P. L., II. 920. 
We had cloudy weather and brisk winds while we were 
crossing the East Indian Ocean. 
Dampier, Voyages, II. iii. 4. 
How didst thou cross the bridge o'er Giail's stream? 
M. Arnold, Balder Dead. 
5. To cause to go or pass over; transport across 
a body of water. 
On the 6th Sherman arrived at Grand Gulf and crossed 
his command that night and the next day. 
U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, I. 493. 
6. To thwart; obstruct; hinder; oppose; con- 
tradict ; counteract ; clash with : as, to be crossed 
in love. 
A man's disposition is never well known till he be crossed. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 125. 
All my hopes are crost, 
Checked and abated. B. Jonson, Poetaster, Ind. 
Parthenophil, in vain we strive to cross 
The destiny that guides us. 
Ford, Lover's Melancholy, iii. 2. 
7. To debar or preclude. [Rare or obsolete.] 
' Would he were wasted, marrow, bones, and all, 
That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring, 
To cross me from the golden time I look for ! 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 
He in y* end crost this petition from taking any further 
effecte in this kind. 
Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 329. 
8. To cause to interbreed ; mix the breed or 
strain of, as animals or plants. 
Those who rear up animals take all possible pains to 
cross the strain, in order to improve the breed. 
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, Ixxii. 
Species belonging to distinct genera can rarely, and those 
belonging to distinct families can never, be crossed. 
Dartvin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 164. 
9. Naut., to hoist from the deck and put in 
place on the mast, as any of the lighter yards 
of a square-rigged vessel. 
Toward morning, the wind having become light, we 
crossed our royal and skysail yards, and at daylight we 
were seen under a cloud of sail, having royals and sky- 
sails fore and aft. 
K. 11. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 35. 
10. To meet and pass. [Kare.] 
Men shun him at length as they would doe an infection, 
and he is ueuer crost in his way, if there be but a lane to 
escape him. Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Sharke. 
To cross a Check, to indorse it. See crossed check, under 
cA#i. TO cross bookst, to cancel accounts. 
So the money was produced, releases and discharges 
drawn, signed and sealed, books crossed, and all things 
confirmed. Bunyan, Mr. Badman. 
To cross one's hand, to make the sign of the cross on 
another's hand with a piece of money ; hence, to give 
money. 
I have an honest dairy-maid who crosses their [the gip- 
sies'] hands with a piece of silver every summer; and 
never fails being promised the handsomest young fellow 
in the parish for her pains. Addition, Spectator, No. 130. 
To cross one's mind, to enter one's mind, as an idea ; 
come into one's thought suddenly, as if in passing athwart 
it. 
The good old monk was within six paces of us, as the 
idea of him cross'd my mind. 
Sterne, Sentimental Journey, p. 21. 
To cross one's path, to thwart, obstruct, oppose, or hin- 
der one's interest, purpose, or designs ; stand in one's way. 
Yet such was his [Cromwell's] genius and resolution that 
he was able to overpower and crush everything that crossed 
his path. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. 
To cross swords, to fight with swords in single combat ; 
hence, to engage in controversy. To cross the cudgels, 
to lay the cudgels down, as in piling arms, in token of de- 
feat ; hence, to give in ; submit ; yield. 
He forced the stubborn 'st for the cause 
To cross the cudgels to the laws. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, III. ii. 39. 
II. intrans. 1. To lie or be athwart or across : 
said of two or more things in their relation to 
one another : as, the lines cross ; the roads cross. 
2. To move or pass laterally or from one side 
toward the other, or transversely from place to 
place. 3f. To bo inconsistent. 
