cross 
Men's action* do not always cnia with reason. 
\.V /'. ftutllfil. 
4. To interbr 1, as cattle; mix breeds. 
If tWO 1M'll\ l.l.laU nf distillt't niees o 1 ' ^ - ;l Itlir.l [g ill 
vali,ilil> |.r...lll.-e.l different tloni either. <'> fi'l-h . 
5f. To happen (upon); conic (upon). 
In tin > aivh I ha\e </'*<>/ IM.OII another descent, 
which I iiin takini: ^rrat |.ains to verify. 
ICll/;W. . Utters, II. 121. 
cross 1 (kros), jirt'/i. [By aphcresis I'nim across.] 
Athwart ; over; from siile to sich' of, HO as to 
intersect : as, to ride </ country. [Colloq. 
or obsolete.] 
Passim,' mat* (lie ways over the country 
Tlii- JiinniMi-, hrlwixt this in.l Hlllnstead heath, 
\\ a^ I'S a crew of clowns rolil.ed, liohlied, anil hurt. 
B. Juiixnii. Talc .if a Tub, ill. f.. 
Anil rf.'xv tlirir limits rut a sloping way. 
Itriiflrn, tr. of Vir^ils Ceoivi. *. 
Cross lots, iicrosH loU ; by a short nit <liiv. tly across 
tli. tl, -i.i, or vacant lots, anil not l.y the public or recog 
ni/.'.l [iat)i or road ; in a hue-line. |t'oll.M|.| 
Tile siihjcct iiM.-\|.rrlr.lly KOCS rm*x lit!*, hy a flash of 
slioit cut. ton < elusion so suddenly revealed that It ban 
t he effect of wit. ('. D. Warner, Backlog .Studies, p. 38. 
cross'-'t (kros), H. [ME. froKnr, crox, croce, also 
croi-hf, = I>. /.Tou/.vr, < OK. r/orr, </...., rroclir. 
V. crnsiu' = Pr. c.rossn = O8p. croza, a bishop's 
staff, = It. eroccia, a crutch, < ML. crocia. cro- 
cea (criM'liiit, rrni-n), a curved stick, a bishop's 
staff; appar. < MIj. crm-nn, emeu, OF. croc,. 
croc, etc. ? a crook ; but early confused with and 
perhaps in part due to L. crivc (rruc-), a cross 
(a cross being the mark of the archbishop's 
staff, as distinguished from the crook of the 
ordinary bishop's staff). The ME. and Rom. 
words for ITIMX, crook, and crutch were much in- 
volved in form and senses: see crook, cross 1 , 
crutch 1 , crutch^, and cf. crosse and crosier.] 
The staff of a bishop ; a crozier. 
holiest In-re ttholile the hlsahopcB croce [var. crogtf]. 
Piers J'tomnau (C), xi. 02. 
f /.>..>', for a liishop, |K.] crosse. Palsyrav* '.. 
cross-action (krds'ak'shon), n. In law, an ac- 
tion brought by one who is a defendant in a 
previous action against the plaintiff therein, 
or a co-defendant, or both, touching the same 
transaction. 
cross-aisle (krds'il), n. A transept-aisle of a 
cruciform church. 
Tim crnnntiule.il of many of our old churches lent them- 
selves admirably to such an ohject ; hut when this was 
not so, the founder had to hiilld his own chantry-chapel. 
Km-*, Church of our Fathers, III. 1. 110. 
Crossarchinae (kros-ar-ki'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cni.txiin-liKu + -inii'.~\ A subfamily of Virerri- 
iln , including those viverrine qnadmpeds, as 
the mangues and suricates, which have more 
rounded or ventricose heads, with a more elon- 
gate snout, than the ichneumons, and 36 teeth, 
the false grinders being 3 on each side of each 
jaw. It is constituted by the genera Crosxarchus 
and Xuriciitii (or Kttyzama). 
Crossarchus (kro-siir'kus), n. [NL., < Gr. /**'- 
not, a fringe, border, + a/>x6f, the rectum.] The 
typical genus of the subfamily Crosgnrrliiiin; 
containing the mangue, C. obscttrtis. See cut 
under IHIIIII/IH: 
cross-armed (krds'iirmd), a. 1. Having the 
arms crossed. 
To sit crnng-arut'd and sigh away the day. 
Bean, awl ft., Philastvr. ii. :i. 
2. In not., haying branches in pairs, each of 
whicli is at right angles with the next pair 
above or below. 
cross-axle (kros'ak'sl), n. I. A shaft, wind- 
hiss, or roller worked by opposite levers. E. 
II. Unit/lit. 2. In a locomotive, a driving-axle 
on which the cranks are set at an angle of 90 
with each other. 
cross-banded (krfis'ban'ded), a. In arch., said 
of a hand-railing when a veneer is laid upon its 
upper side, witli the prain of the wood crossing 
that of the rail, and the extension of the veneer 
in the direction of its fibers is less than the 
breadtli of the rail. 
cross-banister (kros'ban'is-ter), . In her., a 
cross consisting of four balusters, each crowned. 
Also called li/iiiixtt'i'-i'mxn. 
cross-bar (kros'biir), w. 1. A transverse bar ; 
a l>;ir laid or fixed across another; in an anchor, 
a round bar of iron, straight or bent at one or 
In. tli ends, inserted in the shank. 2. A small 
liar in I in' mechanism of a break-joint breech- 
loadiii"; firearm, which presses out the extractor 
wlicn the barrels are falling. 
cross-barred ikros'biird), a. I. Marked by 
transverse Lars, whether of material or color: 
1363 
as, a rroxx-biirrcil pattern ; a rriuvt-hnrrrrl grat- 
ing; rrnsx-bitrmt muslin. 2. Secured hy t 
verse bars. 
Some rich burgher, whose sutntantlal doon, 
Crnm-barril anil Ixiltcd fat, fear no assault. 
Milt;,,. I'. L, Iv. 1DO. 
3. In :oiil., barred crosswise, or marked by 
transverse bars of color; fasciate; biindeil. 
CrOSSbar-8hot (kros'biir-shot). ii. A projectile 
so constructed as to expand on leaving the gun 
into the form of a cross with one quarter of the 
ball at each of its radial points, formerly used 
in naval actions for cutting the enemy's rigging 
or doing general execution. 
cross-bated (kros'ba'ted), a. Ooss-grained. 
[Prov. Kng.] 
In Craven, when the filters of wood are twisted rn<! 
crooked, they are said to lie cruHH-tmi,.!. Haiti '"/'. 
CTOSSbeak (krds'bek), . Same as crossbill. 
Cross-beam (kros'bem), . A large beam going 
from wall to wall, or a girder that holds the 
sides of a building together; any beam that 
crosses another, or is laid or secured across 
supports, as in machinery or a ship. 
cross-bearer (krfis'bar'er), . 1. Same ascro- 
ciary. 2. The bars which support the grate- 
bars of a furnace. 
cross-bearings (kr&s'bar'ingz), w. j>l. \nui., 
the bearings of two or more objects taken from 
the same place, and therefore crossing each 
other at the position of the observer. They are 
used for plotting a ship's position on a chart 
when near a coast. 
cross-bedding (kros'bed'ing), n. See/atee be<l- 
ilitnj, under Julse. 
cross-belt (krds'belt), n. Milit., a belt worn 
over both shoulders and crossing the breast, 
usually by sergeants. 
crossbill (kros bil), n. A bird in which each 
mandible of the bill is laterally deflected, so 
that the tips of the two mandibles cross each 
other when the beak is closed. The crossbills con- 
stitute the genus i.,, r :,, ( ,,,- Curnnwtra) of the family 
crosscut 
this by a course of stretchers, of which each 
joint comes over the middle of a stretcher in 
the first-named c..lir-e. See luinlll. ]L'. 
cross-bone (kros'bon), n. 1. In nriiilli.. the on 
tninsversale or pessulus of the syrinx. ' 
Nee /(rxMi/fi.v. -2. ill. The representation<rftarO 
bones, generally thigh-bones, crossed like tin- 
letter X. and usually accompanied by a skull. 
See ukull aiulcr>inx-lnini-n, under ././///. 
So curved m-/.ii.-. the typ,, of lleath, 
Shall show thec past t<> II 
m, Will Waterproof. 
crossbow (kr&s'bo), n. 1. A missive weapon 
formed by a bow fixed athwart a stock in which 
there is a groove or bar- 
rel to direct the mis- 
sile, a notch or catch 
to hold the string when 
the bow is bent, and a 
trigger to release it; 
anarbalist. AS a weapon 
of war and the chase, the 
crosslxiw was in very gen- 
eral use in i;.ii..pc during 
the middle ages. It was 
unknown us a hand-weapon 
among the ancients, and 
rare, though not unknown, 
among Eastern nations. For 
a description and cut of the 
medieval crossbow, sec ar- 
balist. 
The croMt-b&if was used by 
the English soldiery chiefly 
at sieges of fin-tilled places, 
and on ship-lioard, in bat- 
tles upon the sea. 
Stmtt, Sports and Pastimes, 
Ip. 114. 
2. Figuratively, a 
crossbowman. 
French Crmtbow, t$th century. 
( From VktlleMe-Ihic's " Diet, du 
MobiUerfranc*ls.") 
Red Crossbill (iMia 
Fringittida, and present a case unique among birds. 
There are several species, the best-known !>eing the com- 
mon red crossbill of Europe and America (Laxia curri- 
rtwrfro), the parrot-crossbill of Euro|>e (L. jn'tyojunttaca), 
and the white-winged crossbill (L. leucoytera). SeeLoxia. 
Also called rn>*.>-''" A . 
cross-billed (krds'bild), a. Having the man- 
dibles crossed ; metagnathnus, as a bird of the 
genus Lozia. See crossbill. 
cross-birth (krds'berth), H. A birth in which 
the child lies transversely within the uterus. 
cross-bit (krds'bit), . Sameaserww/rtece, 2 (6). 
crossbitet (kros'bit), v. t. To cheat; swindle; 
gull; trick; entrap. 
Perfect state pollecy 
Can crottte-bitc even seiice. 
Mantm, What you Will, III. 1. 
The next day his comerades told bun all the plott, and 
how they cmat-bitt him. Aubrey. 
crossbitet (krds'bit), . [< crossbite, r.] A de- 
ception ; a cheat ; a trick ; a trap. 
The fox, . . . without so much as dreaming of arrow- 
'"'' from so silly an animal, fell himself into the pit that 
he had digged for another. Sir R. L'K'traiiye. 
crossbitert (krds'bi'ter), ii. One who cross- 
bites ; a cheat ; a trickster. 
t'otiey-catchers, cooseners, and cmue-biter*. 
Greene, The Black Book. 
cross-bond (kros'bond), n. In arc*., a bond in 
which a course composed 
of stretchers, but \\ ith a 
half-stretcher or a head- 
er at one or both ends, is 
covered by a course /I I I 
in which headers and 
stretchers alternate, and A.A, headers; 
1 
I 
! 
\A 
B \A 
, 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
The French Army was di- 
vided into three Battels ; in 
the first were placed eight thousand Men at Arms, four 
thousand Archers, and fifteen hundred Croat-few*. 
Bitter, Chronicles, p. 170. 
Barreled crpssbow, a cronslmw which Instead of agroovc 
has a Land like a gun, through which the missile glides. 
Crossbow-belt, a waist-belt or a baldric for carrying 
a crosstiow and its appurtenances, such as the tronste or 
quiver in which the quarrels were carried, and the hook 
or other implement by which the bow was Lent. 
crossbower (kr&s'bd*r), n. A crossbowman. 
crossbowman (kros'bo'man), ii.; pi. crossbow- 
men (-men). One who uses a crossbow. 
Crnmbnemrn were considered a very necessary part of a 
well-organized army. //a/fam, Middle Ages, ii. 2. 
cross-bred (kros'bred), a. Produced by cross- 
breeding ; bred from different species or varie- 
ties; hybrid; mongrel. 
cross-breed (kros'bred), n. A class or strain 
of animals produced by cross-breeding, or of 
plants resulting from hybridization; a mongrel 
or hybrid breed. 
cross-breeding (krds'bre'ding), n. The cross- 
ing of different breeds, stocks, or races of ani- 
mals ; the practice or system of breeding from 
individuals of different breeds or varieties: the 
opposite of pure or straight breeding. 
cross-bun (krds'bun), n. A bun indented with 
a cross, used especially on Good Friday. 
CTOSS-buttock ( kros ' but 'ok), w. A peculiar 
throw practised by wrestlers, especially in 
Cornwall, England ; hence, an unexpected over- 
throw Or repulse. 
Many croiu-buttncln did I sustain. 
Smollett, Roderick Random, \xvii. 
cross-chock (kros'chok), w. In ship-building, a 
piece of timber laid across the deadwood amid- 
ships, to make good the deficiency of the lower 
heels of the futtock. 
cross-cloth (krds'kldth), . A part of the head- 
dress worn by women with the coif in the seven- 
teenth century. Fairholt. 
cross-clout (krds'klout), H. Same as croxs-clotk. 
cross-country (krds'kun'tri), a. Lying or di- 
rected across fields or open country ; not con- 
fined to roads or fixed lines: as, a cross-country 
hunt. 
A wild croo-eounSri/ game. Atheiur\nn, Jan. 28, 1888. 
cross-course (kros'kors), . In mining, a vein 
or lode that crosses or intersects the regular 
lode at various angles, and often heaves or 
throws the lode put of its regular course Cross- 
course Spar, in niinit^r. ra.iiatc.l quart/. 
cross-CUTVe (kros'kerv), H. In math., the locus 
of points in a plane (having a correspondence 
with another plane), which have, each of them, 
two of their corresponding points in the other 
plane coincident. 
crosscut (krcis'kut). i-. /. : pret. and pp. cross- 
fill, ppr. crortricutting. To cut across. 
