cross-cut 
cross-cut (kros'kut), . and . I. n. 1. A direct 
course from one point to another, crosswise or 
diagonal to another or the usual one ; a short- 
ened road or path. 2. In mining: (a) A level 
driven across the "country," or so as to con- 
nect two levels with each other. (6) A trench 
1364 cross-lode 
a telescope or a microscope, so as to form with 
:i not her :i cross: used to define the point to 
which the readings of the circles or micrometer 
refer. Also applied to threads inserted for the same 
purpose, but not forming a cross. Also called cross-wire 
>,., iiarmn, uross am, , r = ...,,.., ... -. cross-hatching (kros'hacb/ing), n. In draw- 
or opening in the surface-detritus or -soil, at f ._tiio rtrfWfpr'ti lirl v t To fertil- in ff and ".'/''"''".'/, the art of hatching or shad- 
SSSL*,^ ing bv parallel intersecting lines. 
position and nature of the latter. 
II. fl. 1. Adapted or used for cutting anything 
crosswise: as, a cross-cut saw or chisel. 2. ^,,,,,. ,. 
Cut across the grain or on the bias: as, cross-cut ^^^ (kros'fil)', n. A file with two convex 
crosse (kros), . [P., a crozier a hotkey-stick, cross nre^ ;, ^ ork ^.^ ^ ^ 
butt-end of a gun: see cross' 1 . J ine impie- ,. , _j 
ment used in the game of lacrosse. It consists of 
a wooden shank about 5 feet long, with a shallow net-like 
arrangement of catgut at the extremity, on which the ball 
is caught and carried off by the player, or tossed either to 
one of his own side or toward the goal. Often called n 
lacrosse-stick. See lacrosse. n-rnaa fiaTi CVrns'fisVi 
crossed (krost), p. a. [< ero**l + -ed 2 .]. 1. C "*), 
Made or put in the shape of a cross ; bearing a 
Cross-fertilization is effected by the agency of insects, and 
of the wind, water, etc. Also called allogamy and cross- 
/mUiiMtiii,,. Crossing between plants of different species 
is distinguished as kybridisaNm. 
Cross-frrtilixatiiin always means a cross between dis- 
tinct plants which were raised from seeds and not from 
cuttings or Imds. 
Darn-in, Cross and Self Fertilisation, p. 10. 
, 
of another flower. 
The flowers of Hottonia are cross-feMued, according 
'Darin,, Dilferent Forms of Flowers, p. 51. 
, (kros'hed), n. 1. A person whose 
skull is marked with the crossed coronal and 
sagittal sutures ; a skull so marked. 
Among whites, the relative abundance of cross-heads 
(having permanently unclosed the longitudinal and trans- 
verse suture on the top of the head) is one in seven. 
Pop. Sci. Jfo.,XIII. 500. 
2. In median., & beam or rod stretching across 
the top of something; specifically, the bar at 
% fi(ruia tively as to under- the end of a piston-rod of a 
m-enine which slides 
go a cross-fire ot questions. 
His picture would hang in cramped hack-parlors, be- 
tween deadly cross-Jires of lights, sure of the garret or 
the auction-room ere long. Loicell, Fireside Travels, p. 52. 
v __ , A starfish of the ge- 
nus Asteracantltion or Vraster, as A. or V. ru- 
steam-engine, which slides 
on ways or guides fixed to the 
bed orframe of the engine, and 
connects the piston-rod with 
the connecting-rod, or with 
a sliding journal-box moving 
in the cross-head itself. 
cross. Specifically -(a) In to- borne crosswise or in c 'Jfl ower (kros'flou''er). n. The common On the tops of these columns stands 
< 8 !. r fo " n !2 ?,. cr ? ss JJ?!. d tfiSff <& 5 C f,i al ;?,Tnf V. P n l,,na la vuUmris. so calle I a heavy casting, from which are sus- 
cruciate; specallyinn., lying one over the other milkwort of Europe, Folygala, vulgaris, so called 
diagonally in repose, as the wings of certain insects. from its flowering in cross-week. 
2. Marked by a line drawn across; canceled; croSS-flucan (kros ' flo" kan), n. In mining, a 
erased: generally with out. 3. Placed or laid 
across or crosswise: as, crossed arms. 4. 
Thwarted; opposed; obstructed; counteracted. 
-Cross crossed. See crossi.- Crossed belt, check, 
erev ice or fissure running across the regular 
i o d e s of the district, and filled, not with ore, but 
w ;th flucan, or ferruginous clay. See flucan. 
niCOlS. See 'polarization. Crossed out, said of the web 
of a clock- or watch-wheel when it consists of four spokes 
or arms, the rest of it having been sawed or filed away. 
crosset, crossette (kros'et, kro-set'), n. [< F. 
crossette, crosset, dim. of crosse, a crozier, butt- 
end of a gun, etc. : see 
crosse."] 1. Inare/i.: 
(a) One of the later- 
al projections, when 
present, of the lintel 
or sill of a rectangu- 
lar door- or window- 
opening, beyond the 
jambs. Also called 
ear, elbow, ancon, truss, 
, said console. (i)Apro- 
medieval - - v '. x 
cross-fox (kros'foks) n. A variety or subspe- 
cies of the common fox, having a longitudinal 
Crossets (a, a) m a medieval ... -. i * 
fireplace. (From Viollet-le-Duc's JBCtlOn along the Up- 
"Dict.de ['Architecture.") per gj,J e Q f a lateral 
face of a block of stone, fitting into a corre- 
sponding recess in the stone coming next to it. 
Stones are often so hewn for flat arches of considerable 
span, and arches and vaults of normal profile are sometimes 
constructed of such blocks. Such construction eliminates 
the 
dark dorsal area decussating with a dark area 
across the shoulders. The pelt is more beautiful than 
that of the common fox. It represents a step or stage in 
a series of color-changes to which the foxes both of Eu- 
rope and of America are subject, ending in the silver-black 
condition. See silver-fox. 
the properties of the true arch or vault, and the result is cross-froe fkros'froc) n. See fron. 
2 rt ^^ I S?w^^ 0illy ' to * Bl ** " ll * leel111 * cross-furrow (kros'f ur"o), . In a, 
cross-examination (kr6s'eg-zam-i-na'shpn), . 
The examination or interrogation of a witness 
called by one party by the opposite party or his 
counsel. 
His (Erskine's] examination-in-chief was as excellent as 
his cross-examination. Brougham, Erskine. 
Strict cross-examination, cross-examination confined 
garters crossed upon the leg. 
He will come . . . cross-gartered, a fashion she detests. 
Shak., T. N., ii. 5. 
Had there appeared some sharp cross-garter' d man, 
Whom their loud laugh might nickname Puritan. 
Holyday. 
i3ljilUU - I lnn-rT * n. Jl.t.,111. V1"OD-EIA1I1 "if-' _ . _. T1r . 
to the competency and credibility of the witness and the cross-gartered (kros gar " terd), a. Wearing 
matters touching which he was examined by the party 
calling him, as distinguished from cross-examination open- 
ing new subjects material to the issues, 
cross-examine (kros'eg-zam'in), v. t. To ex- 
amine (a witness of the adverse party), as when 
the defendant examines a witness called by the 
, to cross-ques- cross -grained (kros'grand), a. 
irregular gnarled grain or fiber, as timber. 
There's guilt appears in Gight's ain face, 
Ye'll cross-examine Geordie. 
Gight's Lady (Child's Ballads, VIII. 289). 
The opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses has been 
expressly waived. Chancellor Kent. 
cross-examiner (kros'eg-zam'in-er), n. One 
who cross-examines. 
cross-eye (kros'I), n. Obliquity of vision ; want 
of concordance in the optic axes ; strabismus ; 
squint ; specifically, that sort of squint in which 
both eyes turn toward the nose, so that the 
pended two side-screws, carrying the top crosshead, to 
which one end of the specimen to be examined may be at- 
tached. Science, III. 314. 
Cross-head guides, in a steam-engine, parallel bare be- 
tween which the cross-head moves in a right line with the 
cylinder. Sometimes called motion-bars. 
cross-hilt (kros'hilt), ii. The hilt of a sword 
when made with a simple cross-guard or pair of 
quillons, and with no other defense for the 
hand. In such a case the blade and barrel and the cross- 
guard or quillons make a complete Latin cross. This was 
the usual form of swords in Europe in the middle ages. 
See cut under claymore. 
crossing (kr6s'ing), . [Verbal n. of cross' 1 -, .] 
1. The act of passing across something: as, 
the crossing of the Atlantic. 2. Intersection : 
as, the crowing of bars in latticework. 3. The 
place at which a road, ravine, mountain, river, 
etc., is or may be crossed or passed over: as, 
the crossings of streets. 
Jo sweeps his crossing all day long. 
Dickens, Bleak House, xvi. 
4. Iii railroads, the necessary arrangement of 
rails to form a communication from one track- 
way to the other. 5. The act of opposing or 
thwarting ; contradiction. 
Cousin, of many men 
I do not hear these crossings. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., Hi. 1. 
6. The act of making the sign of the cross: 
as, with many protestations and crossings. 7. 
The act or process of cross-breeding or cross- 
fertilizing; hybridization Grade crossing, a 
place at which a common road crosses a railroad on the 
same level : usually required by statute to be protected by 
a flagman or a signal, or by gates in charge of a keeper. 
Also called a level crossing. 
like tEe letter T. The longer part is fastened to the CTOSS-jack (kros'jak, by sailors kro'jek), n. A 
leaf or door, the shorter to the frame, the joint being _at large s q uare sa ii bent and set to the lower 
yard on the mizzenmast Cross-jack yard, the 
lower yard on the mizzenmast. 
cross-legged (kros'leg"ed), a. Having the legs 
crossed; characterized by crossing of the legs. 
In an arch in the south wall of the church is cut in 
Cross-fox, a variety of the common fox ( 
agri., a fur- 
row or trench cut across other furrows, to in- 
tercept the water which runs along them, in 
the meeting of the two. 
hinge. 
Called in Scotland cross-tailed 
stone the portraiture of a knight lying croxs-legrjed, in 
armour of mail. Ashmale, Berkshire, i. 16. 
The pilot was an old man with a turban and a long grey 
beard, and sat cross-lagged in the stern of his boat. 
mcinuar triianeu t^raiii ur iiucr, tijuwui. 1 , 
IfthestuffprovescrL^^inanypartofitslength, CrOSSlet Crosletl (kros let), n. [< cross* + 
then you must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary dim. -let.] A small cross. ^^ 
way, so far as it runs cross-grained. Moxon. "" * T - * *-- ** *-* *-- ' ^ 
Hence 2. Perverse; untractable; crabbed; 
refractory. 
With crosse-grain'd words they did him thwart. 
Itobin Hood Rescuing Will Study (Child's Ballads, V. 290). 
The spirit of contradiction in a cross-grained woman is 
incurable. ' 
Then Una gan to aske, if ought he knew, 
Or heard abroad, of that her champion 
trew, 
That in his armour bare a croslet red ? 
Spenser, F. Q., I. vi. 36. 
Cross CrOSSlet, in her. , a cross having the 
ends crossed. Cross Crosslet. 
Sir R. L' Estrange. Cr0 sslet 2 t, CrOSlet 2 t (kros'let), M. 
[ME. crosselet, croslet, a modification of OF. 
eroiscl, a pot, crucible: see cresset and cruci- 
ble.] A crucible. 
And this chanoun into the croslet caste 
A potldre, noot I whereof that it was 
Ymaad. Chaucer, Canon's Yeoman's Tale, I. 136. 
A cross-grained, old-fashioned, whimsical fellow, with 
- -., -- j ~- an ugly face. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, i. 2. 
rays of light, in passing to the eyes, cross each cros s-guard (krds'gard), n. 1. The guard of 
other ; internal strabismus. a 8word when - mad in t h e form of a bar at right 
cross-eyed (kros id), a Affected with obliquity leg ^^ the blade . The 8words of the , m - (1(lle 
Ot vision ; squint-eyed. ages commonly had a cross-guard without other defense 
CrOSS-fertilizable (kr6s'fer'ti-ll-za-bl), a. Ca- for the hand, which was protected by the gauntlet. See 
pable of cross-fertilization. hilt and cross-hilt; also counter-guard. 
Blossoms cross-fertilizable by insects. 2 - A similar defense mounted upon the shaft of kros'lod) n 
Eclectic Mag., XXXV. 735. a spear, usually not far below the head. Hunt- < 
Cross-fertilization (kr6s'fer-ti-li-za'shon), n. p'r^SheTo^dTep 6 ^ 
In bot., the fertilization of the ovules of one of its immediate extrication. 
flower by the pollen of another, on the same cross-hair (kr6s'har), n. A very fine strand of 
plant or on another plant of the same species, spider's web stretched across the focal plane of 
Your crosiMa, crucibles, and cucurliiios. 
It. Jonson, Alchemist, i. :i. 
In mining, a lode or 
vein whii-lMloes not follow the regular and or- 
dinary course of the productive lodes of the 
district, but intersects them at an angle. In 
some important mining districts there are two sets of 
veins, each preserving :i certain amount of parallelism 
