croze 
1372 
staves of a cask or barrel in which the edge crucian, crusian (kro'shian), n. [An accom. 
-'-n, = D. karats (Kihan) = 
cruciferous 
We have to do with a God that delights more in the 
prosperity of his saints than in the cntciation and liowl- 
croze (kroz), r. t. ; pret. 
and pp. crazed, ppr, 
crazing. [< erase, .] 
Coopers' Croze. 
1. To make a croze or 
< Gr. Kopanivof, a fish like a perch (so called from 
its black color), lit. a young raven, dim. of KO- 
a raven: see eoracine, Corax.~\ A short, 
crucidtus, torment: see cruciate 1 , .] Torturing. 
These cruciatory passions do operate sometimes with 
such a violence that they drive him to despair. 
Ilott'ell, Parly of Beasts, p. 7. 
ily Cyprinidce. It differs from the common carp in 
having no barbels at its mouth. It inhabits lakes, ponds, 
and sluggish rivers in the north of Europe and Asia, and 
has been found in the Thames in England. It is an excel- 
lent food-fish. Also called Prussian carp. A variety is 
known as C. yibelio, a name, however, also applied to the 
true crucian. See carp*. 
\JI f/n.1 lit/, IX VI ViSVt > J * v ii*MP".i. . | } /. - 
groove in, as a barrel. 2. lultat-making, tore- thick, broad fish, of a deep-yellow color, the _ 
fold (a hat-body) so that different surfaces may Carassius carassius, or German carp, of the fam- cnlc ji,i e (kro'si-bl), n. [Formerly also spelled 
in turn be presented to the action of the felt- ;l ~ '"'- '"*" 
ing-machine. 
crozier, crosier (kro'zher), n. [< ME. eraser, 
cracer, croyser, croycer, a bishop's pastoral staff, 
a crozier, lengthened (with -er) from eras, crosse, 
croce.si bishop's pastoral staff, a crozier: see 
cross'. Often referred, erroneously, to cross 1 , 
which is only remotely connected.] 1. A staff 
about 5 feet long, ending in 
a hook or curve, or, in the 
case of an archbishop's cro- 
zier, surmounted by an or- 
namented cross or crucifix, 
borne by or before a bishop 
or archbishop on solemn 
occasions. The staff is hollow, 
commonly gilt, and highly orna- 
mented. Early croziers were ex- 
ceedingly simple. The patriarch's 
staff bears a cross with two trans- 
Crucian-carp (C 
Croziers. 
I, from tolnlj of Arch- 
staff e in his hand, "bending round 
at the toppe, called by us Eng 
bishop Warhani, Canter- 
bury, England ; 2. from 
drawing in British Mu- 
seum. 
verse bars, that of the pope one 
with three. See patriarchal cross, 
^^ al Also S cMeA l cross-sta'/. crucian-carp (kr6'shian-karp),n. A book-name 
His [the Bishop's] Episcopal! of the fish Carassius "carassius or vidyaris, the 
wind crucian. 
iglish Crucianella (kro*si-a-nel'a), H. [NL., dim. < 
L. crux (cruc-), a cross: so called from the ar- 
rangement of the leaves.] A rubiaceous genus 
of herbs, natives of the Mediterranean region, 
with slender funnel-shaped flowers. C. stylosa 
is sometimes cultivated in gardens under the 
name of crosswort. 
cruciatt, An obsolete form of crusade 1 . 
cruciate 1 (kro'shi-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. eruct- 
ated, ppr. eructating. [< L. (and ML.) eruciatus, 
pp. of cruciare, torture (in ML. also to mark 
with a cross), < crux (cruc-), a cross, torture : 
men a Croisier. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 37. 
But instead of a parliament, the 
Lord Deputy summoned an eccle- 
siastical assembly, in which the 
rival croziers of Armagh and Dublin, of the Primate of all 
Ireland and the Primate of Ireland, encountered one an- 
other in his presence. 
J{. W. Duron, Hist. Church of Eng., xix. 
2f. One who bears the crozier or the cross; a 
cross-bearer. 
The canon law that admitteth the crosier to beare the 
crosse before his archbishop in another province. 
Holinshed, Descrip. of Ireland, an. 1311. 
3. [caj).] In astron., a constellation, the South- 
ern Cross. See Crux, 2. 
croziered, crosiered (kro'zherd), a. [< crazier, 
crosier, + -erf 2 .] Bearing or entitled to bear a 
crozier : as, croziered prelates. 
crozzle (kroz'l), n. [E. dial, also crozzil; cf. 
crozzle, r.] A half-burnt coal. 
The spear-head bears marks of having been subjected 
to a hot fire, the point especially having been burnt to a 
crozzil. 
see cross 1 , n. and v., and cf. cruciate 2 , crusade 1 , 
crusible; < ML. crucibulum, crucibolum, erucibu- 
lus, crucibolus, crocibulum, crocibalmn, crusibu- 
lus, a melting-pot, also a hanging lamp; an 
accom. form (as if dim. of L. crux (cruc-), a 
cross; hence often associated with crucial, 
with ref . to a crucial 
test), < OF. cruche, 
an earthen pot, a 
crock: see crock 1 , 
and cf . cresset, cruse, 
and cT((soi/e.] 1. A 
vessel or melting- 
pot for chemical crucibles, 
purposes, made of 
pure clay or other material, as black-lead, por- 
celain, platinum, silver, oriron, and so baked or 
tempered as to endure extreme heat without fus- 
ing. It is used for melting ores, metals, etc. Earthen 
crucibles are shaped upon a potter's wheel with the aid 
of a templet or molding-blade, or under pressure in a 
molding-press. Metallic crucibles, especially those of pla- 
tinum, are chiefly used in chemical analyses and assays. 
Some that deal much in the fusion of metals inform me 
that the melting of a great part of a crucible into glass is 
no great wonder in their furnaces. Boyle, Works, I. 490. 
2. A hollow place at the bottom of a chemical 
furnace, for collecting the molten metal. 3. 
Figuratively, a severe or searching test: as, his 
probity was tried in the crucible of temptation. 
O'er the crucible of pain 
Watches the tender eye of Love. 
Whittier, The Shadow and the Light. 
Historians tried to place all the mythologies in a cruci- 
ble of criticism, and hoped to extract from them some 
golden grains of actual fact. Keanj, Prim. Belief, p. 2. 
Crucible steel. Same as cast-steel. Hessian crucible, 
a crucible made of the best fire-clay and coarse sand. It 
is used ill the United States in all experiments where 
fluxes are needed. E. II. , 
crusade^. Cf. excruciate.'] To torture; torment; crucifer (kro'si-fer), n. [< LL. crucifer, n. : see 
afflict with extreme pain or distress ; excruci- 
ate. [Rare or obsolete.] 
They vexed, tormented, and cruciated the weake con- 
sciences of men. Bp. Bale, On Revelations, i. 5. 
African Panthers, Hyrcan Tigres fierce, . . . 
Be not so cruell, as who violates 
Sacred Humanity, and eructates 
His loyall subjects. 
cruciferous. 1 1. A cross-bearer; specifically, 
one who carries a large cross in ecclesiastical 
processions. 
At half-past ten the choir entered, preceded by the cru- 
cifer and followed by the . . . rector. 
The Churchman, LIV. 513. 
2. In bot., a plant of the order Crucifera:. 
crozzle (kvoz'l), v. '.;,. 
ppr. crozzliny. [Cf. crozzle, n.] To burn to a 
coal ; char ; coke. 
Some of the coal is of a crozliny or coking nature. 
Ure, Diet., I. 823. 
cruces. n. Latin plural of crux. 
crucial (kro'shial), a. [< F. crucial, < L. as if 
"crucialis, < crux (cruc-), a cross: see cross.] 
1. Having the form of a cross; transverse; 
intersecting; decussating: as, a crucial inci- 
sion. 2. In anat., specifically applied to two 
stout decussating ligaments in the interior of 
the knee-joint, connecting the spine of the tibia 
with the intercondyloid fossa of the femur. 
3. Decisive, as between two hypotheses ; finally 
disproving one of two alternative suppositions. 
This meaning of the word is derived from Bacon's phrase 
i,!*hii/ti>i crucis, which he explains as a metaphor from a 
finger-post (crux). The supposed reference to a judicial 
"test of the cross," as well as that to the testing of metals 
in a crucible, which different writers have thought they 
found in the expression, are unknown to as learned a law- 
yer and a chemist as Bacon and Boyle. These supposed 
derivations have, however, influenced some writers in 
their use of the word. 
It is true that we cannot find an actually crucial in- 
stance of a pure morality taught as an infallible revela- 
tion, and so in time ceasing to be morality for that reason 
alone. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, II. 227. 
It is these thousand millions that will put to a crucial 
test the absorbing and assimilating powers of Christian- 
ity. Quarterly Rev., CLXIII. 143. 
4. Of or pertaining to a crucible ; like a heated 
crucible as a utensil of chemical analysis. 
And from the imagination's crucial heat 
Catch up their men and women all a-flame 
For action. Mrs. Jlrowning, Aurora Leigh, v. 
A*, and ., 7th ser., III. 422. cruciate 1 (kro'shi-at), a. 
pret. and pp. crozzled, mented (ML. also marke 
fylwtlr, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 6. CruciferSB (kro-sif'e-re), n. pi. [NL., fern. pi. 
o,. (so. L. planta:, plants) of crucifer : see erueifer- 
Cruciate Flower. 
of inquiry. [Rare. ] - Crucial ligaments. See def. 2. 
also cross-shaped, cruciform), pp. of cruciare : 
see the verb.] 1. Tormented; excruciated. 
[Rare.] 
Immediately I was so cruciate, that I desired . . . deth 
to take me. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, ii. 12. 
2. In bot., having the form of a cross with equal 
arms, as the flowers of mustard, 
etc. ; cruciform : applied also to 
tetraspores of red marine algee. 
See tetraspore. 3. In zool., cru- 
cial or cruciform ; crossed or 
cross-shaped; specifically, -in en- 
torn., crossing each other diago- 
nally in repose, as the wings 
of many hymenopterous insects 
and the hemelytra of the Hete- 
roptera. Cruciate anther, an anther attached to the 
filament at the middle, and with the free extremities sagit- 
tate. Cruciate prothorax or pronotum, in entom., a 
prothorax or pronotum having two strongly elevated 
lines or crests which approach each other angularly in the 
middle, forming a figure something like a St. Andrew's 
cross, as in certain Orthoptera. 
cruciate' 2 !, n. An obsolete form of crusade 1 . 
cruciate-complicate (kro'shi-at-kom'pli-kat), 
a. In entom., folded at the ends and crossed 
one over the other on the abdomen, as the wings 
in many Coleoptera. 
cruciate-incumbent (kro'shi-at-in-kum'bent), 
a. In entom., laid flat on the back, one over 
the other, but not folded, as the wings in most 
heteropterous Hemiptera. 
cruciately (kro'shi-at-li), adv. In a cruciate 
manner; so as to resemble a cross: as, " cru- 
ciately parted," Farlow, Marine Algse, p. 151. 
[< LL. crucia- 
torment: see 
torturing; tor- 
ment; excruciation. 
tyledonous plants, of about 175 genera and 1,500 
species, found in all countries, but least abun- 
dant in the tropics. They are annual or perennial 
herbs, with acrid or pungent juice, cruciform flowers, six 
stamens, of which two are shorter than the others, and 
mostly two-celled pods, either opening by two valves (rare- 
Crttcifera. 
a, flower-cluster of cabbage ; *, flower with sepals and petals re- 
moved ; c, pod ; a, saute, dehiscing ; e, section of seed, showing con- 
duplicate cotyledons. 
ly indchiscent) or transversely jointed. The onler includes 
many important vem-tubles and condiments, as the cabbage, 
turnip, mustard, radish, cress, horseradish, etc. It fur- 
nishes also many favorite ornamental and fragrant flower- 
ing plants, as the stuck and gilliflower, rocket, sweet alys- 
sum, and candytuft. The larger genera are A rabis, Dralia, 
Aliixxum. Brassica, Xasturtinin, fHannMiiui, Kri/xiiiniin, 
Htlwpliita, and l.i'i>iilniin. The order is equivalent to 
the Liuiifiin class Tctradynamia. 
cruciferous (kro-sif 'e-rus), a. [< NL. (ML.) 
crucifer, adj., bearing a cross (a later adj. use of 
