cruciferous 
LL. cnirifrr, n ross-liearer, < L. rrns(rrnc-), 
a cross, + Ji'rrr = K. //)' ), + -oi/.i.J 1. Bear- 
ing tin 1 erci>v; resembling a cross. 2. In hot., 
pertaining to or having tlic cliiiniclcrs of the 
natural nrdiT ' 'nicifi rn . 
crucifier (krO'si-fi-er), H. [< MK. crucufyer, < 
rnirijirn, crucify: sec * / nrifi/. ] A person who 
crueilies ; one who puts another to death on a 
cross. 
Louc them, and pray fur them, as Christ did for liis<-;- 
cijicrt. TiiiKtiitf, Works, p. ill P. 
crucifix (krii'si-fiks), . [< MM. crucifix, < OF. 
crnci li.r. !'. i-nicifix = I'r. crucific = Sp. crin-ijij,, 
= Pg. i-riii'ilij-ii = It. crncijixso, oroc$UO = 1). 
1,'riicilik* = (1. cnicifif Dan. Sw. kruciflx, < 
ML. cnu-ifisitiii. a, crucifix, prop. neut. of LL. 
cri<c(tisim, |i|i. of criii-ijii/i-n; crucify: see ci-i/c/- 
./, ' .] 1. A cross, or representation of a cross, 
with the crucified fig- 
ure of Christ upon 
it. Crosses with a repie 
sentntiou nf the crneilled 
Christ, seem lint to have 
been made previous to 
the ninth eeiilnt v ; upon 
those inuile for similar 
purposes before this .late 
is painted or carved ;it 
the intersection of the 
arms of the eross the 
Lamb \vitli or without tin; 
crossed flag, the sacred 
monogram, or some oth- 
er emblem. Hyxantinc 
crucifixes of hroll/e exist 
nf aa early date us the 
tenth century, in which 
the Hat surface nf the 
cross is decorated with 
enamel, having the sun 
and moon aa enihleniatic 
of creation witnessing BronzcCfucifix.-Romanesquestylc. 
the crucifixion ; in these decorated with enamels. 
the liody nf Christ Is gen- 
eraily partly clothed with a garment indicated in colored 
enamel. Crucifixes are used in many ways In the devo- 
tions and ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church, be- 
in- conspicuously displayed In religious houses and other 
situations, and worn ui>oii the peraun by ecclesiastics and 
others. 
The Cmcijix, before which the harhariau liowed, was 
the emblem and witness of all-sutFerlng love. 
Channing, Perfect Life, p. 230. 
No crncijix has been found in the catacombs ; no certain 
allusion to a crucifix la made hy any Christian writer of 
the first four centuries. Cath. Diet. 
2. The cross of Christ ; hence, the religion of 
Christ. Jer, Taylor. [Rare.] Jansenlat cruci- 
fix, a crucifix in which the anus of the Saviour hangdown 
from the shoulders, instead of Iwing outstretched. Lee. 
crucifixt (kro'si-fiks), r. t. [In E. dependent on 
the noun; < LL. wwoMmM, pp. of crucifigcrc, 
prop, separate, cntci figere, fasten to a cross : 
L. cruri, dat. of ertix (cruc-), a cross; flgerc, pp. 
firiix, fasten, fix: see cnuc, cross*, and fix. Ct. 
crucify.'] To crucify. 
Mork'd, heat, hanisht, buried, fritfi-Jixt, 
For our foule sins. 
Sytventrr, tr. of Du Bartas s Weeks, ii., The Handy-Crafts. 
crucifixion (kro-si-fik'shon), u. [< ML. "eruei- 
Ji.rin(n-), < LL. crucifixus', pp. of crucifigere, cru- 
cify: sn> crucifix, r., crucify.] 1. the act of 
fixing to a cross, or the state of being stretched 
on a cross: an ancient Oriental mode of inflict- 
ing the death-penalty, applied in rare instances 
by the Greeks and more commonly by the Ro- 
mans, by both Greeks and Romans considered 
an infamous form of death, and reserved in 
general for slaves and highway robbers. Among 
the Romans, the instrument of death was properly either 
;i now hi the form now familiar, or the cross known as 
st. Andrew's; sometimes a standing tree was made to 
serve the purpose. The person executed was attached to 
the cross either by nails driven through the hands and 
feet or hy curds, and waa left to die of exhaustion or re- 
ceived tin' mi'ivy of a quicker death, according to circnm- 
stanrrs. 
Specifically 2. The putting to death of Christ 
upon the cross on the liill of Calvary. 
This earthquake, according to the opinion of many 
learned men, happened at our Saviour's crucitij"i"n. 
.(iiiliniii. Travels in Italy. 
Hence 3. Intense sufferingoraffliction; great 
mental trial. 
S;i\ , have \ < sense, or do ye prove 
What crucifixion* are in love? 
Iltrriek, Hesperides, p. 189. 
cruciform (kro'si-form), a. [< L. crux (cruc-), 
ants, + fiiriiin. shape.] Cross-shaped: cruci- 
ate: disposed in the form of a eross: as. in 
:in:iti>iny, the cruciform ligament of the athis. 
It f,fii6 Image] appevtd to be secured h \- . plus 
driven throuuh the feel ami palms, the latter of which 
were extended in a ./ne/Yiinii position. 
Barhnni, Ingoldshy Legends, I. 145. 
1373 
crucify (krii'i-fi), r. I. ; pret. anil pp. crucified, 
ppr. crucifying. [< MK. crm-ifieu, < OF. cruci- 
fi<-r, F. eneyur = I'r. Sp. Pg. crucificar, an 
adapted form (as if < LL. *crucificare) of LL. 
1-riii-ifnjrri: (> It. crocifiyyere), prop, separate, 
i-i-iici jigirc, fasten on a cross: see crucifix, c.J 
1. To put to death by nailing or otherwise at- 
lixing to a cross. See crucifixion. 
lint tlii-y i ried, saying, Crucify him, erneifii him. 
I like Xllli. 21. 
Hi. v . , in i'1'ii tn themaelvca the Son of (ioil afreh. 
Heli. vl. e. 
2. Figuratively, in ficrip., to subdue; mortify; 
kill ; destroy the power or influence of. 
They that are Christ's have cntrijirtl the flesh, with the 
affections and luats. Hal. v. 24. 
3f. To vex; torment; excruciate. 
I would nn crucify him 
With an iniHieeiit neglect of what he can do, 
A brave strong ploua scorn, that I would shake him. 
Fletcher, Wife for a Month, ii. 1. 
The foreknowledge of what shall come to pass, cruf'iir* 
many men. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 221. 
4. To put or place in the form of a cross; 
cross. [Rare.] 
I do not despair, gentlemen ; yon see I do not wear my 
hat in my eyes, crucify my arms. 
Stiirlri/, Bird in a Cage, II. 1. 
crucigerous (kro-sij'e-ms), a. [< L. cntx(cruc-), 
a cross, + gerere, carry, + -.] Bearing a 
eross. 
The crucigeroui enslgne carried thia flguro ... In a 
decnasation, after the form of an Andrian or Biirgnndian 
cross which anawereth thia description. 
.S'i'r T. liromtf, Harden of Cyrus, I. 
crucily, crusily (kro'si-li), . [< OF. as if 
"croissillc, ML. 'cruciliatun, < ML. crucilia, OF. 
croisillc, a little cross, such as were erected at 
cross-roads, dim. of L. crux (cruc-), a cross.] In 
Iter., strewed (seme 1 ) with small crosses. Also 
crusilM, crusuly. 
The phnlonion, . . . formerly worn by ... Bishops, 
. . . was distinguished from that of a simple Priest by lie- 
ing erumly, J. il. XraU, Eastern Church, i. 312. 
Orucirostra (kro-si-ros'tra), n. pi. [NL., < L. 
crux (cruc-), cross, + rostrum, beak.] Same as 
Curvirontra. See Loxia. Cuvier. 
crud (krud), n. and r. An obsolete or dialectal 
form of curd 1 . 
Will ye go to the Highlands, Lizie Lindsay. 
And dine on fresh cnidtt and green whey? 
Lizit Lindsay (Child'a Ballads, IV. 83). 
cruddle 1 (krud'l), v. An obsolete or dialectal 
form of curdle. 
O how impatience crampa my cracked veins, 
And cruddlf* thicke my blood with ttoiling rage ! 
Harmon, Antonio and Mellida, I., II. 1. 
cruddle 2 (krud'l), r. '.; pret. and pp. eruddtcri, 
ppr. crudtlling. [E. dial., = Sc. crowdle, freq. 
of crowrfl.] To crowd ; huddle. [Prov. Eng.] 
cruddy, a. An obsolete or dialectal form of 
curdy. 
Whose clawea were newly dipt in crmtdy blood. 
Spentcr, f. '., III. ill. 47. 
crude (krod), a. (X ME. crude (rare), < OF. 
crud, cru, F. cru = Pr. cru = Sp. It. CTI/O = Pg. 
cru, crudo, < L. crudus, raw, unripe, immature, 
rough, lit. bloody, for *cruidus, akin to cruor, 
blood, = W. crau = Ir. cru, cro = Gael, cro, 
blood (see cro), = Lith. kraujas, blood: see rate. 
Hence cruel, et/c.] 1. Being in a raw or unpre- 
pared state ; not fitted for use by cooking, manu- 
facture, or the like; not altered, refined, or pre- 
pared by any artificial process; not wrought: 
as, crude vegetables ; the crude materials of the 
earth ; crude salt ; crude ore. 
Common crvat salt, barely dissolved In common aqua- 
fortis, will give it power of working upon gold. Boyif. 
No fruit, taken cmdf, has the intoxicating quality of 
wine. Arbuthnot, Aliments. 
While the body to be converted and altered IB too strong 
for the efficient that should convert or alter It, whereby 
it holdeth fast the first form or consistence, it fa crude and 
inr.nicoct Bacmt, Nat. Hist, I 8S8. 
2. Unripe; not brought to a mature or perfect 
state ; immature : as, crude fruit. 
I come to pluck your berriea harsh and ./"'/.. 
Milton, Lycldu, 1. ::. 
Hence 3. Unrefined ; unpolished ; coarse ; 
rough ; gross : as, crude manners or speech ; a 
cruae feast. 
A perpetual feast of nectar d sweeU, 
\\ here IK, friiile surfeit reigns. 
Milln. Comus. 1. 471>. 
His I'l-if'l- r vision admired the rose ami did not miss the 
dewdrop. T. Winthmi>, Cecil Dreeme, vii. 
4. Not worked into the proper form ; lacking 
finish, polish, proper arrangement, or complete- 
cruel 
ness; hence, exhibiting lack of knowledge or 
skill; imperfect: said of things: as, a ci ml' 
painting; a crude theory; a crude attempt. 
Absurd expressions, <rtnl--. aUniive thought*. 
ItiiM-iuiiiniiti, on Translated Verte. 
undigested nuuses of suuKe-tioii, fniuishiny 
raw materials fur, c,nip-itioii . m ,| j,,(tinu for the niein,.i\. 
than any formal developments of the ideas, describe the 
quality of writing which must prevail In journalism. 
l>r ljuiiirru. Stjle, i 
5. Characterized by lack of sufficient know- 
ledge or skill; unable to produce what is fin- 
ished, polished, or complete : said of persons. 
Deep versed In hooks, and shallow in himself ; 
Crmlf, or Intoxicate, collecting toys. 
JH&M, I'. K., Iv. 328. 
Let yourgreatness educate the crvdr and cold compan- 
ion. Kmrrmn, EMays, lit ser., p. 187. 
= Syn. 1. Han: Crmlf. See rate. 
crudely (krOd'li), <w/V. Without due knowledge 
or skill ; without form or arrangement. 
The question cnuleitf put, to shun delay, 
Twas carry'd by the major part to stay. 
l'i </! i< . Hind and Panther. 
crudeness (krod'nes), n. 1. Rawness; unripe- 
ness; an unprepared or undigested state: as, 
the crudcness of flesh or plants. 
I he meate ivniai iiiin-e ia. It cornipteth digestion A 
maketh cnidrnf* in the values. 
.Sir T. Etyot, Castle of Health, II. 
2. The character or state of being ignorantly, 
inexactly, or unskilfully made or done ; imma- 
turity; imperfection: as, the crudeness of a 
theory. 
You must tm|ier the crvdrnrt* of yonr assertion. 
Chillingirorth, Relig. of Protestants. 
crudity (kro'di-ti), n.; pi. crudities (-tiz). [= 
F. erudite = Pr. cruditat = It. crtiditd, < L. 
crudita(t-)s, indigestion, overloading of the 
stomach, < crudug, raw, undigested.] 1. The 
quality or state of being crude, in any sense 
of that word. 2*. Indigestion. 
For the stomachs crudity, proceeding from their usual 
eating of fruits and drinking of water, is thereby con- 
cocted. Sandyt, Travailes, p. 54. 
3. That which is crude ; something in a rough, 
unprepared, or undigested state : as, the crudi- 
ties of an untrained imagination. 
The Body of a State heinu' more obnoxious t 
and Ill-humors than the State of a natnral Body, It is Im- 
possible to continue long without Distempers. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 24. 
They are oppressed with . . . teaming aa a stomach with 
cmdititt. Hammoiut, Works, IV. 850. 
Tlie modestest title I can conceive for such works would 
lie that of a certain author, who called them his crudilitt. 
Skaflttbury. 
crudle, r. Same as (ruddle*. 
crudy 1 , a. An obsolete or dialectal form of 
curdy. 
crudy-t (kro'di), <t. [Extended from crude, per- 
haps through influence of crudy 1 .] Crude; 
raw. 
Sherria-aack . . . ascends me Into the brain ; dries me 
there all the foolish and dull and rrw/i/ vapours which en- 
viron it. SAnt., 2 Hen. IV., Iv. 3. 
cruet, " An obsolete spelling of crarl. 
crue-herring (krb"her'ing), . The pilchard. 
[Local, Scotch.] 
cruel (krS'el), a. [Early mod. E. also creicel, 
creicell; < ME. cruel, cruwfl, crewel, < OF. cruel, 
F. cruel = Pr. cruzel, cruel = 8p. Pg. cruel = 
It. crudelc, < L. crudeli*, hard, severe, cruel. 
akin to crudus, raw, crude : see crude.] 1. Dis- 
posed to inflict suffering, physical or mental ; 
indifferent to or taking pleasure in the pain or 
distress of any sentient being ; willingorpleased 
to torment, vex, or afflict; destitute of pity, 
compassion, or kindness; hard-hearted; piti- 
less. 
So be-gan the mcdle (battle) on bothe partela crrmll and 
fellenouse. Merlin (K. K. T. S.), I. i is. 
They are cruel, and have no mercy. Jer. vi. 23. 
Ah, nymph, more crnrl than of human race ! 
Thy tigress heart belies thy angel face. 
Dryden, tr. of Theocritus, The Despairing Lover, 1. SO. 
2. Proceeding from or exhibiting indifference 
to or pleasure in the suffering of others ; caus- 
ing pain, grief, or distress; performed or exerted 
in tormenting, vexing, or afflicting: aa, a cruel 
act ; a cruel disposition ; the cruel treatment of 
animals. 
The tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. 
Prov. xii. 10. 
This most cruel usage of your queen 
. . . will Ignoble make you. 
Yea, scandalous to the world. Shalt., W. T.. II. 3. 
If mankind find delight In weepinu- at comedy, it would 
be cruel to abridge them in that or any other innocent 
pleasure. GoUtmith, The Theatre. 
