crus 
aortic opening. Crus anterius medullsa oblongatsa. 
Same as cms cerebri. Crus cerebelll superius, one of 
the superior peduncles of the cerebellum. Cms cere- 
bri, the peduncle of the brain ; the mass of white nerve- 
tissue forming with its fellow the lower portion of the 
mesencephalon and in part of the thalamencephalon, and 
extending from the pons Varolii to the optic tract. Crus 
e cerebello ad medullam, the postpeduncnlni, nearly 
coextensive with the restiform body. CrUS fornicis an- 
terius, the columna fornicis, or anterior pillar of the for- 
nix. Crus medium, the middle peduncle of the cerebel- 
lum ; a mass of white nerve-tissue passing down on each 
side from the cerebellum to form the pons Varolii. Crus 
olfactorium, crus rhinencephali, what is improperly 
called, in human anatomy, the olfactory nerve or tract, 
Ireing a contracted portion of the brain itself, between the 
prosencephalon and the rhinencephalon. Crus penis, 
the posterior fourth of one of the corpora cavernosa, 
which, diverging from its fellow, is attached to the pubic 
and ischial raini. 
crusade 1 (kro-sad'), . [Early mod. E. also cru- 
sado, croisade, croisado, croysado, earlier cruci- 
ade, late ME. cruciate, cruciat (being various- 
ly accom. to the ML., Sp., or F.); = F. croi- 
sade (after Pr.), OF. croisee (also in another 
form croiserie) = Pr. crosada, crosada = Sp. Pg. 
cruzada = It. crociata, (. ML. erueiata, a crusade, 
lit. (sc. expeditio(n-)) an expedition of persons 
marked with or bearing the sign of the cross, 
prop. fern. pp. of cruciare, mark with the cross, 
< L. crux (cruc-), cross: see cross 1 , n. and v., 
and cruciate. The earlier ME. word for 'cru- 
sade' was croisery: see croisery.~\ 1. A military 
expedition under the banner of the cross; spe- 
cifically, one of the medieval expeditions un- 
dertaken by the Christians of Europe for the 
recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohamme- 
dans. The crusading spirit was aroused throughout Eu- 
rope in 1095 by the preaching of the monk Peter the Her- 
mit, who with Walter the Penniless set out in 1096 with 
an immense rabble, who were nearly all destroyed on the 
way. The first real crusade, under Godfrey of Bouillon, 
1096-9, resulted in the capture of Jerusalem and the es- 
tablishment of a Christian kingdom in the Holy Land ; the 
second, 1147, preached by St. Bernard, was unsuccessful ; 
the third, 1189-92, led by the princes Frederick Barba- 
rossa of Germany, Richard the Lion-hearted of England, 
and Philip Augustus of France, failed to recover Jerusa- 
lem, which the Mussulmans had taken in 1187 ; the fourth, 
1202-4, ended in the establishment of a Latin empire in 
Constantinople, under Count Baldwin of Flanders, one of 
its leaders; the fifth, 1228-9, under the emperor Fred- 
erick II., the sixth, 1248- 50, under St. Louis (Louis IX. of 
France), and the seventh and last, 1270-71, also under St. 
Louis, were all unsuccessful. There were other expedi- 
tions called crusades, including one of boys, 1212, "the 
children's crusade," in which many thousands perished 
by shipwreck or were enslaved. The cost of the crusades 
and the loss of life in them were enormous, but they 
stimulated commerce and the interchange of ideas be- 
tween the West and the East. The expeditions against 
the Albigenses under papal auspices, 1207-29, were also 
called crusades. 
For the crusade preached through western Christendom, 
A. D. 1188, it was ordained that the English should wear a 
white cross ; the French a red ; the Flemish a green one. 
Quoted in Hock's Church of our Fathers, III. i. 446, note. 
The Crusades, with all their drawbacks, were the trial 
feat of a new world, a reconstituted Christendom, striving 
after a better ideal than that of piracy and fraternal 
bloodshed. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 222. 
2. Any vigorous concerted action for the de- 
fense or advancement of an idea or a cause, or 
in opposition to a public evil : as, a temperance 
crusade ; the crusade against slavery. 
The unwearied, unostentatious, and inglorious crusade 
of England against slavery may probably be regarded as 
among the three or four perfectly virtuous acts recorded 
in the history of nations. Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 161. 
crusade l ( kro-sad' ) , v. i. ; pret . and pp . crusaded, 
ppr. crusading. [< crusade*, n.] To engage in 
a crusade ; support or oppose any cause with 
zeal. 
Cease crusading against sense. 31. Green, The Grotto. 
crusade 2 (kro-sad'), n. Same as crusado 2 . 
crusader (kro-sa'd6r), n. [Cf. equiv. croisee.] 
A person engaged in a crusade. The crusaders of 
the middle ages bore as a badge on the breast or the 
shoulder a representation of the cross, the assumption of 
which, called " taking the cross," constituted a binding 
engagement and released them from all other obliga- 
tions. 
If other pilgrims had their peculiar marks, so too had 
the crusader. For a token of that vow which he had plight- 
ed, he always wore a cross sewed to his dress, until he 
went to, and all the while he stayed in, the Holy Land. 
Rock, Church of our Fathers, III. i. 446. 
With all their faults these nobles [of Cyprus] were bona 
fide Crusaders; men who, like the first champions, were 
ready to cast in their lot in a Promised Land, and not, like 
the later adventurers, anxious merely to get all they could 
out of it, to make their fortunes. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 200. 
crusading (kro-sa'ding), p. a. [Ppr. of crusade*, 
t'.] Of or pertaining to the crusades ; engaged 
in or favoring a crusade or crusades. 
In how many kingdoms of the world has the crusading 
sword of this misguided saint-errant spared neither age, 
or merit, or sex, or condition. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ii. 17. 
1376 
Some grey crusading knight. .V. Arnnld. 
As in the East, so in the West, the crusading spirit was 
kept alive and made aggressive by the monks and the 
knights. Still?, Stud. Med. Hist, p. 354. 
crusado 1 ! (krb'-za'do), . [Also cruzado ; a var., 
after Sp. Pg. eru:ad<i (fern.), of crusade: see 
<-.w<fci.] 1. A crusade. 
If you suppose it [the style of architecture] imported 
intu that kingdom by those that returned from the o-//.sv/- 
does, we must of course set it down as an eastern inven- 
tion. //. Swinburne, Travels through Spain, xliv. 
2. A bull issued by the pope urging a crusade, 
promising immediate entrance into heaven to 
those who died in the service, and many indul- 
gences to those who survived. 
Pope Sixtus quintus for the setting forth of the foresaid 
expedition . . . published a Cruzado, with most ample 
indulgences which were printed in great numbers. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 594. 
crusado 2 , cruzado (kro-za'do), . [Also cru- 
sade = D. krusaet (Kilian) = Gr. crusade, etc., < 
Sp. Pg. cruzado, a coin, prop. pp. of cruzar, mark 
with a cross, < cruz, a cross: see cross 1 , n. and 
v., and cf. crw- 
srtdc 1 , cruciate.] 
A money and coin 
of Portugal. The 
old crusado, now a 
mere name, was 400 
reis, or 43 United 
States cents. The new 
crusado is 480 reis, or 
52 cents. The Portu- 
guese settlements of 
the east coast of Afri- 
ca reckon with a cru- 
sado of only 17 cents. 
Also crusade. 
I had rather have 
lost my purse 
Full of cruzadoes. 
Shak., Othello, iii. 4. 
I was called from 
dinner to see some 
thousands of my Lord's 
crusados weighed, and 
we find that 3000 come 
to about 530(. or 40 
generally. 
J'l-pys, Diary, June 5, 
[1662. 
The King's fifth of 
the mines yields an- 
nually thirteen mil- 
lions of crttsadoes or 
half dollars. 
Je/erson, Correspon- 
[dence, II. 110. 
Silver Crusado of John V. British Mu- 
seum. ( Size of the original. } 
cruse (kros), 11. 
[Also written improp. cruise ; < ME. cruse, cruce, 
crouse, crus, a pot, < Icel. krus, a pot, tankard, = 
Sw. Dan. krus = D. kroes, OD. kruyse, a cup, 
pot, crucible, = MHG. krftsf, G. krauxe, an 
earthen mug. Perhaps ult. connected with 
crock*, q. v. Hence, ult., the dim. cruset and 
cresset.} An earthen pot or bottle; any small 
vessel for liquids. 
David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's 
bolster. 1 Sam. xxvi. 12. 
In her right hand a crystal cruse filled with wine. 
B. Jonmn, King James's Coronation Entertainment. 
This cruse of oil, this skin of wine, 
These tamarinds and dates are thine. 
T. B. Aldrich, The Sheik's Welcome. 
cruset (kro'set), 11. [< F. creuset, OF. creuset, 
crmet, etc. : see cresset and cruse.'] A gold- 
smiths' crucible or melting-pot. 
crush (krush), v. [< ME. cruschen, crousshen, 
< OF. eruisir, croissir = Pr. crucir, cruissir, 
croissir = Sp. crujir, Cat. croxir = It. crosciare 
(ML. crufcirc), crush, break; cf. Sw. krossa, 
bruise, crack, crush, prob. of Romance origin. 
The Romance words are prob. from a Teut. 
verb : Goth, kriustan, gnash with the teeth, 
grind the teeth, &eriv.*krau3tjan = Icel. kreista, 
kreysta = Sw. krysta = Dan. kryste, squeeze, 
press.] I. trans. 1. To press and bruise be- 
tween two hard bodies ; squeeze out of shape 
or normal condition. 
The ass . . . crushed Balaam's foot against the wall. 
>'nm. xxii. 1~>. 
2. To bruise and break into fragments or small 
particles, either by direct pressure or by grind- 
ing or pounding: as, to crush quartz. 3. To 
force down and bruise and break, as by a super- 
incumbent weight : as, the man was crushed by 
the fall of a tree. 
Vain is the force of man, and heav'n's as vain, 
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain. 
Dryden, .'Eneid. 
4. To put down; overpower; subdue abso- 
lutely; conquer beyond resistance : as, to crush 
one's enemies. 
crusoile 
Lord, rise, and rouse, and rule, and cnmh their furious 
pride. QiMfieff, Emblems, i. 15. 
These Disorders might have been cms/it, if Captain Swan 
had used his Authority to .Suppress them. 
Dumpier, Voyages, I. 371. 
Speedily overtaking and crushing the rebels. Scott. 
On April 16, 1746, the battle of Culloden forever crushed 
the prospects of the Stuarts. 
Lecky , Eng. in 18th Cent., iii. 
5. To oppress grievously. 
Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway. 
Dent, xxviii. 33. 
6. To crowd or press upon. 
When loud winds from diff'rent quarters rush, 
Vast clouds encount'ring one another crush. 
Waller, Instructions to a Painter. 
7. To rumple or put out of shape by pressure 
or by rough handling : as, to crush a bonnet or 
a dress. [Golloq.] Angle of crushing. See angle*. 
TO crush a CUP (or glass), to drink a cup of wine 
together; "crack a bottle": probably in allusion to the 
custom, prevalent in wine-growing countries, of squeezing 
the juice of the grape into a cup or goblet as required. 
If you be not of the house of Montagues, I pray, come 
and crush a cup of wine. Shak., K. and .!., i. 2. 
Come crush a glass with your dear papa. 
S. Judd, Margaret, ii. 6. 
TO crush out. () To force out by pressure. 
Bacchus, that first from tmt the purple grape 
Crush'd the sweet poison of misused wine. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 47. 
(6) To destroy ; frustrate : as, to crush out rebellion. 
= Syn. 1. Monk, etc. See dash. 2. To break, pound, pul- 
verize, crumble, bray, disintegrate, demolish. 4. To over- 
power, prostrate, conquer, quell. 
II. intrans. To be pressed out of shape, into 
a smaller compass, or into pieces, by external 
force : as, an egg-shell crushes readily in the 
hand. 
crush (krush), w. [< crush, v.~\ 1. A violent 
collision or rushing together; a sudden or vio- 
lent pressure ; a breaking or bruising by pres- 
sure or by violent collision or rushing toge- 
ther. 
Some hurt, either by bruise, erifA, or stripe. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxix. 6. 
Unhurt amidst the wars of elements, 
The wrecks of matter, and the crush of worlds. 
Addison, Cato, v. 1. 
2. Violent pressure caused by a crowd ; a mass 
of objects crowded together ; a compacted and 
obstructing crowd of persons, as at a ball or 
reception. 
Strove who should be smothered deepest in 
Fresh crush of leaves. Keats, Endymion, iii. 
Great the crush was, and each base, 
To left and right, of those tall columns drown'd 
In silken fluctuation and the swarm 
Of female whisperers. Tennyson, Princess, vi. 
crushed (krusht), p. a. [Pp. of crush, >.] 1. 
Broken or bruised by squeezing or pressure: 
as, crushed strawberries. 2. Broken or bruised 
to powder by grinding or pounding ; pulverized ; 
comminuted : as, crushed sugar ; crushed quartz. 
3. Crumpled ; rumpled ; pressed out of shape, 
as by crowding: as, a crushed hat or bonnet. 
4. Overwhelmed or subdued by power; pressed 
or kept down as by a superincumbent weight. 
Hence 6. Oppressed. 
crusher (krush'er), n. 1 . One who or that which 
crushes or demolishes: as, his answer was a 
crusher. [Colloq.] 2. A policeman. [Slang.] 
crusher-gage (krush'er-gaj), n. A registering 
instrument, exposed in the bore of a gun, to 
measure the pressure developed by the explo- 
sion of a charge. E. H. Knight. 
crush-hat (krush'haf), M. 1. A hat which can 
be folded without injury and carried in the 
pocket. 
" No, don't," said Sir Mulberry, folding his crush-hat to 
lay his elbow on. Dirkens, .Nicholas Nickleby. 
2. Colloquially, an opera-hat, 
crushing (krush'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of crush, .] 
Having the power or tending to crush; over- 
whelming; demolishing. 
The blow must be quick and crujtfiin'i. 
Macaulai/, Hist. Eng., xviii. 
crushing-machine (krush'ing-ma-shen*), n. A 
machine constructed to pulverize or crush stone 
and other hard and brittle materials ; a stone- 
crusher. 
crush-room (krush 'rom), w. A saloon in a 
theater, opera-house, etc., in which the audi- 
ence may promenade between the acts or dur- 
ing the intervals of an entertainment; a foyer. 
crusian, . See crucian. 
crusilll, crusily, Hoc <><%. 
crusoilet, [< OF. criaoi, cruzol, croiseuJ, a 
var. of crniiit'l. cnwau, a crucible, melting-pot: 
see cresset and crucible."] A crucible ; a melt- 
ing-pot. 
