Crypturus 
The name is retained as the designation of one of the sev- 
eral genera into which the family Timun <<l<i' is now divided, 
containing such species as C. cinereus, C. pUeatus, C, ta- 
taii/'ii, etc. See Tinaiinm. 
Cryptus (krip'tus), . [NL., < Gr. upvnroc, hid- 
den : see crypt.] A genus of ichneumon-flies, 
a. 
Cry f tits extrematis. 
a. female of C. extrematis (line shows natural size); 0, enlarged 
abdomen of C. nuttcius, female ; c, enlarged abdomen of C. extre- 
matis, male ; d, enlarged portion of wing of same. 
of the family Ickiieumonidte, typical of the sub- 
family Cryptinw. C. extrematis is a species which 
infests the American silkworm, 
crystal (kris'tal), n. and a. [Formerly cristal, 
also often erroneously chrystal, cliristal, etc., 
now accom. to L. spelling ; < ME. cristal, cris- 
tall, < OF. cristal, F. cristal = Pr. Sp. cristal = 
Pg. crystal = It. cristallo = AS. cristalla = D. 
kristal = OHG. christalld, MHG. kristalle, fern., 
kristall, masc., G. krystall, kristall, masc., = 
Dan. krystal = Sw. kristalt, < L. cri/stallum, ice, 
crystal, < Gr. KpiioraUos, clear ice, ice, also rock- 
crystal (so called from its resemblance to ice, 
of which it was supposed to be a modified and 
permanent form), < Kpvaratvetv, freeze, < Kpbof, 
cold, frost.] I. n. 1. In clicm. and mineral., a 
body which, by the operation of molecular af- 
finity, has assumed a definite internal structure 
with the form of a regular solid inclosed by a 
certain number of plane surfaces arranged ac- 
cording to the laws of symmetry. The internal 
structure is exhibited in the cleavage, in the behavior of 
sections in polarized light, etc. The external form is dis- 
cussed under crystallography (which see). Crystals are ob- 
tained in the laljoratory either by fusing substances by 
heat and allowing them gradually to cool, or by dissolving 
tltem in a fluid and then abstracting the latter by slow 
evaporation ; also by the direct condensation of a vapor 
produced by sublimation, as in the case of arsenious oxid, 
in the same way that snow-crystals are formed directly 
from water-vapor in the upper atmosphere. The name 
was first applied to the transparent varieties of quartz, 
specifically called rock-crystals. 
There was a sea of glass like unto crystal. Eev. iv. 6. 
The term crystal is now applied to all symmetrical solid 
shapes assumed spontaneously by lifeless matter. 
Huxley, Physiography, p. 59. 
2. Glass, (a) Glass of a high degree of transparency 
and freedom from color. It is heavier than ordinary glass, 
because containing much oxid of lead, (b) Fine glass used 
for table-vessels or other table-service, or for ornamental 
pieces. The term is sometimes used as synonymous with 
cut glass, (c) The glass cover of a watch-case. 
3. A substance resembling rock-crystal or glass 
in its properties, especially in transparency and 
clearness. 
Every man in this age has not a soul of crystal, for all 
men to read their actions through. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, i. 1. 
4. In Tier., the color white : said of that color 
when described in blazoning a nobleman's es- 
cutcheon, according to the system of blazoning 
by precious stones; pearl, however, is more 
commonly used. 5. A very fine wide white 
durant, once used for making nuns' veils. 
Axis Of a Crystal. See azisl and crystallography. 
Charcot's crystals, in pathol., colorless octahedral or 
rhomboidal crystals found in the sputum of asthmatic 
and bronchitic patients. Crystals of Venus, crystal- 
lized neutral acetate of copper. [ Venus is here used as a 
symbol of copper (with allusion to Cyprus).] Distorted 
crystal, a crystal whose form varies more or less from the 
ideal geometrical solid which its symmetry requires. This 
is due to the extension of certain faces at the expense of 
others during the growth of the crystal, but in general 
without altering the interfacial angles. In fact, all crys- 
tals are more or less distorted. Embedded crystals, 
crystals enveloped within the mass of a rock or other 
mineral. Geniculated crystal, a twin or compound 
crystal, consisting of two or more parts bent at an angle 
to one another, as is common with the mineral rutile. 
Iceland crystal, a variety of calcite or crystallized cal- 
cium carbonate brought from Iceland, remarkable for its 
transparency. Implanted crystals, crystals which pro- 
1382 
ject from the free surface of a rock upon which they have 
been formed. Negative crystal. () A cavity in a min- 
eral mass having The form of a crystal, commonly that 
peculiar to the mineral itself. (6) In optics. See refrac- 
(ion. Pink crystals. Same as pink salts. See salts. 
Plastic crystal, a trade-name for a kind of Portland ce- 
ment composed of silica and alumina and traces of oxid of 
iron, lime, magnesia, and some alkalis. Positive crys- 
tal in optics. See re/roc(iow. Pseudomorphous crys- 
tal. See pseiidomorph. Replaced crystal, a crystal 
having one plane or more in the place of each of its edges 
or angles. Kock-crystal, or mountain crystal, a gen- 
eral name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, par- 
ticularly of limpid or colorless quartz. From their bril- 
liancy such crystals are often popularly called diamonds, 
as Lake Georye diamonds, Bristol diamonds, etc. Twin 
crystal. See twin. 
II. a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal ; 
clear ; transparent ; pellucid. 
His mistress 
Did hold his eyes lock'd in her crystal looks. 
Shale., T. Q. of V.,li. 4. 
By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. 
Dryden. 
In crystal currents of clear morning seas. 
Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
Crystal Palace, the large building, composed chiefly of 
glass and iron, erected in Hyde Park, London, for the uni- 
versal exhibition of 1851, and subsequently re-erected at 
Sydenham, near London, as a permanent institution for 
public instruction and entertainment. The name has since 
been applied to other structures of like character. Crys- 
tal violet, a coal-tar color used in dyeing, resembling or- 
dinary methyl violet in its application. 
crystallic (kris-tal'ik), a. [< crystal + -tc.] 
Pertaining to crystals or crystallization: as, 
crystallic force. Asliburner. 
crystalliferous (kris-ta-lif'e-rus), a. [< L. 
crystallum, crystal, + ferre, = K. bear 1 , + -os.] 
Bearing or containing crystals. 
crystalligerous (kris-ta-lij'e-rus), a. [X L. 
crystallum, crystal, + gerere, bear, + -ows.] 
Bearing crystals : specifically applied to those 
spores of radiolarians which contain crystals. 
In those individuals which produce crystalliyenus 
swarm-spores, each spore encloses a small crystal. 
E. R. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 852. 
crystallin (kris'ta-lin), n. [< crystal + -in 2 .] 
1. An albuminoid substance contained in the 
crystalline lens of the eye : same as globulin. 
2. In eliem., an old name for aniline, 
crystalline (kris'ta-lin or -lin), n. and . [= F. 
cristallin = Pr. cristaUin = Sp. cristaliuo = Pg. 
crystalline = It. cristallino = D. kristallijn = 
MHG. kristallin, Gr. krystallin (of. Dan. krystal- 
linsk, Gr. krystallinisli ; Sw. kristallisk), <L. crys- 
talKnus, < Gr. K/maTaAfavot;, < KpiaraUof, clear 
ice, 'crystal : see crystal.] I. a. 1. Consisting 
of crystal. 
Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. 
Shah., Cymbeline, v. 4. 
2. Relating or pertaining to crystals or crystal- 
lization. 
Snow being apparently frozen cloud or vapour, aggre- 
gated by a confused action of crystalline laws. Whewell. 
3. Formed by crystallization; of the nature 
of a crystal, especially as regards its inter- 
nal structure, cleavage, etc. : opposed to amor- 
phous. 
The most definite of the properties of perfect chemical 
compounds is their crystalline structure. 
Whewell, Hist. Scientific Ideas, II. 28. 
It [ice] is composed of crystalline particles, which, though 
in contact with one another, are, however, not packed to- 
gether so as to occupy the least possible space. 
J. Croll, Climate and Cosmology, p. 252. 
4. Resembling crystal ; pure ; clear ; transpa- 
rent; pellucid: specifically applied in anatomy 
to several structures, as the crystalline humor, 
cones, etc. See below. 
He on the wings of cherub rod_e sublime, 
On the crystalline sky. Milton, P. L., vi. 772. 
5. In entom., reflecting light like glass: spe- 
cifically applied to the ocelli or simple eyes 
when they are apparently colorless, resembling 
glass Crystalline cones. See crystalline rods. 
Crystalline heavens, in the Ptolemaic system of as- 
tronomy, two spheres imagined between the primum mo- 
bile, or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion 
was supposed to carry around all within it, and the fir- 
mament. Crystalline humor or lens, a lentiform pel- 
lucid body, composed of a transparent firm substance, 
inclosed in a membranous capsule, and situated in front 
of the vitreous body and behind the iris of the eye. It is 
doubly convex, but the posterior surface is more convex 
than the anterior. The central part is more dense and 
firm than the exterior parts, and is made up of concentric 
lamella). It is of high refracting power, and serves to pro- 
duce that refraction of the rays of light which is neces- 
sary to cause them to meet in the retina and form a per- 
fect image there. See cut under eye. Crystalline rods, 
crystalline cones, cells specially modified as refractive 
bodies, forming the end-organs of the nervous apparatus 
of vision of the Arthropoda. 
Each group separates off a transparent highly refractive 
substance, which forms the so-called crystalline COM. 
Geaenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 264. 
crystallize 
Crystalline Style, a flexible, transparent body of gristly 
appearance and unknown function, contained in the phii- 
ryngeal cwcum of bivalve mollusks, as species of Mit*-ti'. 
Crystalline ware, a name given by Josiah Wedjiwoud 
to fine pottery of his manufacture veined in imitation of 
natural semi-precious stones, the yeining generally going 
through the paste. Compare ijrauite-ware, agate-ware. 
II. n. A crystallized rock, or one only par- 
tially crystallized, as granite, 
crystallinity (kris-ta-lin'i-ti), n. [< crystalline 
+ -ity,] The character or state of being crys- 
talline; crystalline structure. 
The tendency to cryitallinttij observable in large masses 
of east metal. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 355. 
crystallisability, crystallisable, etc. See 
erystulliztibiliti/, etc. 
crystallite (kris'ta-lit), n. [< Gr. KptJo-ra/lAof, 
crystal, + -te 2 .] "1. Whinstone cooled slowly 
after fusion. 2. The term suggested by Vogel- 
sang as a general name for aggregations of 
globulites in various forms. See cumulite, mar- 
gtirite, and longulite. These terms are used exclu- 
sively in describing various groupings of minute drop-like 
bodies (globulites), seen under the microscope in thin sec- 
tions of rocks. See fflobulite. 
crystallitis (kris-ta-l!'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. Kpv- 
ora/./lof, crystal (crystalline lens), + -itis.'] In 
pafliol., phacitis. l>unglison. 
crystallizability (kris"ta-li-za-bil'i-ti), n. The 
quality of being crystallizable ; capability of 
being crystallized. Also spelled crystallisability. 
The ready crygtallisability of alum. lire, Diet., 1. 125. 
crystallizable (kris'ta-li-za-bl), a. [= F. cris- 
tallisable = Sp. cristalizable ; as crystallize + 
-able.] Capable of being crystallized or of as- 
suming a crystalline structure. Also spelled 
crystallisable. 
crystallization (kris'ta-li-za'shon), n. [= F. 
cristallisation = Sp. cristalizacion = Pg. crystal- 
lizacclo = It. cristallizzazione = D. kristallisatie ; 
as crystallize + -ation.] 1. The process by 
which the molecules of a substance which is in 
the state of a liquid (or vapor) unite in regular 
(crystalline) form when it solidifies by cooling 
or evaporation. If the process is slow and undisturbed, 
the molecules assume a regular arrangement, each sub- 
stance taking a determinate form according to its natural 
laws ; but if the process is rapid or disturbed, the external 
form may be more or less irregular. An amorphous solid 
body may also undergo partial crystallization by a molec- 
ular rearrangement, giving it a more or less complete 
crystalline structure, as, for instance, in the iron of a rail- 
road-bridge after long use. See crystallography. 
2. The mass or body formed by the process of 
crystallizing. 
Also spelled crystallisation. 
Alternate crystallization, a species of crystallization 
which takes place when several crystallizable substances 
having little affinity for one another are present in the 
same solution. The substance which is largest in quantity 
and least soluble crystallizes first, in part ; the least solu- 
ble substance next in quantity then begins to crystallize ; 
and thus different substances, as salts, are often deposited 
in successive layers from the same solution. Water of 
crystallization, water which is held by certain salts as a 
part of their crystalline structure, but is not inherent in 
the molecule. Thus, common sodium carbonate, when it 
crystallizes from a solution, contains for each molecule of 
sodium carbonate ten molecules of water. This is so weakly 
held that it escapes as vapor in dry air at ordinary tem- 
peratures. The crystalline form of the salt often depends 
on the number of molecules of water which the crystals 
contain. Water of crystallization differs from combined 
water in that it does not belong to the molecular structure, 
but only to the crystalline structure, of the substance. 
crystallize (kris'ta-liz), v. ; pret. and pp. crys- 
tallized, ppr. crystallizing. [= F. cristalliser = 
Sp. cristalizar = Pg. crystallizar = It. cristalliz- 
zare = D. kristalliseren = G. krystallmren = 
Dan. krystallisere = Sw. kristallisera ; as crystal 
+ -Ize. Cf. Gr. Kpvara^i^eiv, be clear as crys- 
tal.] I. trans. 1. To cause to assume a crys- 
talline structure or shape ; form into crystals : 
often used figuratively. 
Bodies which are perfectly crystallized exhibit the most 
complete regularity and symmetry of form. 
Whewell, Hist. Scientific Ideas, I. 365. 
Around the Academy are crystallized several literary 
enterprises, the fame of which is reflected upon it. 
Pop. Set. Mo., XXII. 28. 
2. To change to the state of crystal. [Rare.] 
When the Winters keener breath began 
To crystallize the Baltike Ocean, 
To glaze the Lakes. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Handy-Crafts. 
II. intrans. 1. To be converted into a crys- 
tal ; unite, as the separate particles of a sub- 
stance, and form a regular solid. 2. Figura- 
tively (a) To assume a definite form and fixity, 
as an opinion, view, or idea, at first indetermi- 
nate or vague; take substantial and definite 
shape : as, public opinion on this subject is be- 
ginning to crystallize. 
There is ever a tendency of the most hurtful kind to 
allow opinions to crystallize into creeds. 
Jevons, Pol. Econ., p. 298. 
