cultivate 
5. ToiliriM'l spi'i'i;il :itli'iiliim l<>; devoir study, 
labor, iiv i-:i IT In; slinly In iiiidrrsliind, dcvivr 
;iilviiiil:i":i' I'i'iiiM, I'll'. : as, In i-ulliruli- literature ; 
In riillintti- .'in uri|Hililltalli'i'. 
Tin' iiiii-ii'iil philuitnpherrt iliil lint ni'Kli'i't imtural sci- 
,-llr, lull tll,'\ ,hd lllll fliltiril'i' it fill' III!' pUI'pusi' "I ill 
irj I hr ]"U IT . . . "t inaii. MiK-tnittt'i, l,<ml liacun. 
Ill' who I'ultiWlte* lltll.V "III l.lrrrj.l 111' MM G0tp01, to thfl 
I'M'hiKion "f (In- ri'sl. in reality attends In ii" part ut all. 
J. 11. ATcwNMn, I'anirhial St-niions, i. 300. 
Thrhtuilyof History is, . . . as Coleridge said of Poetry, 
its own uivat ivwanl.a tiling tu In' hivi-d and mftfaUta 
for its own suki-. 
XtiiMtx. Medieval ami MniliTll Hint., )i 'I 
6. To improve; meliorate; correct; civilize. 
To <-i'l/ifiif>' tin 1 wild liri'iitiniis savage. 
. I. /,/;.<, C'ato, i. 4. 
cultivated (kul'ti-va-ted), p. . Produced by 
or subjected to cultivation; specifically, cul- 
tured ; retiiied ; educated. 
\l> n-sraivlit-s inl" i-ull ii'tili-fl plant* show that certain 
i" lies are extinct, or becoming extinct, since the histori- 
Cultrirostral Bill of Heron. 
. 
/(, i-mutnllr, Orig. iif Cultivated Plants (trans.), p. 451). 
In proportion as there are more thoroughly rulticalnt 
persons in a ciinnnunity will the finer uses of prosperity 
he taught anil tlie vulgar uses of it hecome ilisrepntahle. 
Luieell, Oration, Harvanl, Nov. 8, 1886. 
cultivating (kul'ti-va-ting), }>. a. Engaged 
in the processes of cultivation; agricultural. 
[Rare.] 
Tin' Kn.vdaii Village Communities were seen to be the 
Iti' I hut Village Communities, if any thing in a more archaic 
o mil it inn than the eastern cultivatiny group. 
Miiiiii', Karly Law and Custom, p. 240. 
cultivation (kul-ti-va'shon), M. [= F. culti- 
vation, OF. coutiveinun, coutiroison, cultivation, 
etc., = Sp. cultivation = Pg. cultivate = It. cul- 
tivazionc, < ML. *cultivatio(n-), < cultirare, cul- 
tivate: see cultivate.] 1. The act or practice 
of tilling land and preparing it for crops; the 
agricultural management of land; husbandry 
in general. 
Such is the nature of Spain ; wild ami stern the moment 
it escapes from cultivation ; the desert and the garden are 
ever side l>y side. Irvina, Alhambra, p. 278. 
2. Land in a cultivated state ; tilled land with 
its crops. [Rare.] 
It is curious to observe how defined the line is between 
the rich green cultivation ami the barren yellow desert. 
E. Sartorius, In the .Soudan, p. 12. 
3. The act or process of producing by tillage : 
as, the cultivation of corn or grass. 4. The use 
of a cultivator upon growing crops. 5. The 
process of developing; promotion of growth or 
strength, physical or mental : as, the cultivation 
of the oyster ; the cultivation of organic germs, 
or of animal virus; the cultivation of the mind, 
or of virtue, piety, etc. 
No capital is better provided (than Madrid) with sundry 
of the higher means to cultivation, as its Royal Armory, 
its Archaeological Museum, and its glorious Picture Gallery 
. . . remind one. Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 26. 
6. The state of being cultivated ; specifically, a 
state of moral or mental advancement ; culture ; 
refinement; the union of learning and taste. 
You cannot have people of cultivation, of pure character, 
. . . professing to be ill communication with the spirit 
world and keeping up constant intercourse with it, with- 
out its gradually reacting on the whole conception of that 
other life. 0. W. Holmet, Tho Professor, i. 
Fractional cultivation. See the extract. 
Fractional cultivation consists in the attempt to isolate 
by successive cultivations the different organisms that 
have been growing previously in the same culture. 
/-,'. Klein, Micro-Organisms and Disease, p. 26. 
= SVU. 5. Training, I)iwii>liiie, Education, etc. See i- 
struction. 5 and 6. Refinement, etc. Sec culture. 
cultivator (kul'ti-va-tor), n. [= F. cultivatem; 
OF. cultivcor, coutiveor, etc., = Sp. Pg. culti- 
rtnlor = It. coltivatore, < ML. as if 'cultivator, 
< cultinur, cultivate: see cultivate.'] One who 
or that which cultivates, (a) One who tills or pre- 
pares land for crops, or carries on the operations of hus- 
bandry in -' lu-ial; a farmer ; a husbandman ; an agricul- 
turist. (t>) A producer by cultivation; a grower of any 
kind of products : as, a cultivator of oysters. 
It has been lately complained of, by some cultivator* of 
clover-grass, that from a great quantity of the seed not 
any grass springs up. Boyle. 
(') An agricultural implement used to loosen the earth and 
npriKit tin' weeds about growing crops which are planted 
in rows or hill . It consists of points or shares attached 
to a framework, usually adjustable in width, and having 
draft-wheel* which govern the depth to which the ground 
is limki-n up. It is drawn between the rows of plants by 
a horse. There are also light forms which are operated 
liy lianil. (<0 (hit 1 wh" drvntrs spi-i-ial attention, care, or 
stuih i" ~.'tin- person or pursuit. 
The must siuTi-.ssful ,-nftii-atnrs of physical science. 
niirklf. Civilization, I. i. 
cultrate, cultrated (kul'trat, -tra-ted), n. [< 
L. ettltriititx, knife-shaped, < culter, a knife: see 
88 
L898 
mllrr.i-iillrl.] Sharp-edged and pointed : i-oltor- 
shaped, or shaped like a pruning-knife, as a 
Ixxlythat is thick on one edge and acute UN the 
other: n*, niltnili- loaf; the beak of a bird is 
convex and ciittnttr. 
cultriform (fal'M-ftem), a. [= F. cultrit'ormc, 
< L. culler, a knife, + forma, shape.] Cultrate : 
specifically applied, in :ool., to a tapering or 
elongate part or organ when it is bounded by 
three sides meeting in angles, one of the siili'* 
being shorter than the other two, so that the 
sort ion everywhere is an acute-angled triangle. 
Cultrirostral (ktil-tri-ros'tral), a. [< NL. cultri- 
ix, < L. culler, a knife, 4- rostrum, a beak, 
+ -al.] 1. Having a cul- 
trate bill; having a bill 
shaped somewhat like 
the colter of a plow, or 
adapted for cutting like 
a knife: as, cuUrirosti-til 
oscine birds. 2. Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Cultrirostres. 
Also, erroneously, cultirostral. 
Cultrirostres (kul-tri-ros'trez), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of cultrirostris : see Cultrirostral.'] 1 . In Cuvier's 
system of classification, a family of Gralltr, in- 
cluding the cranes, courlans, herons, storks, 
and sundry other large waders, as distinguished 
from the I'ressirostrcs or plover group, and the 
Lonairostres or snipe group. [Not in use.] 2. 
In some later systems, a group of laminiplan- 
tar oscine passerine birds, as the crows and 
corvine birds generally. 
Also, erroneously, Cultirostres. 
cultrivorous (kul-triv'o-rus), . [= Sp. cul- 
trh'oro, < L. culter, a knife, + rorare, swallow, 
devour.] Swallowing or seeming to swallow 
knives. Dunglison. [Rare.] 
culturable (kul'tur-a-bl). a. [< culture + 
-able.] 1. Adapted to culture ; cultivable: as, 
a culturable area. 
Recent explorers attirm that there is no reason why 
these canals should not be again tilled from those rivers, 
when the Intervening country . . . would become <(- 
turable. Elicj/c. Brit., XVI. 43. 
2. Capable of becoming cultured or refined. 
[Rare in both uses.] 
cultural (kul'tur-al), a. [= F. cultural; < cul- 
ture + -al.] P'ertaining to culture ; specifically, 
pertaining to mental culture or discipline ; edu- 
cational ; promoting refinement or education. 
In every variety of cultural condition. 
Whitney, Life and Growth of Lang., p. 172. 
In its cultural development, China stands wholly for 
itself. Science, IV. 21. 
culturatet, '. t. [< ML. cnlturatus, pp. of cul- 
turare, cultivate, < L. cultura, cultivation, cul- 
ture : see culture, n.] To cultivate. Capt. John 
Smith. 
culture (kul'tur), n. [< F. culture = Pr. Sp. 
Pg. cultura = It. cultura, coltura = Or. Dan. 
kultur, < L. cultura, cultivation, tillage, care, 
culture, < cultus, pp. of colere, till, cultivate : 
see cult.] 1. The act of tilling and preparing 
the earth for crops ; tillage ; cultivation. 
So that these three last were slower than the ordinary 
wheat of itself ; and this culture did rather retard their 
advance. Bacon, Sylva Sylvarum, 402. 
In vain our toil, 
We ought to blame the ctitture, not the soil. 
Pope, Essay on Man, iv. 14. 
2. The act of promoting growth in animals or 
plants, but especially in the latter ; specifically, 
the process of raising plants with a view to the 
production of improved varieties. 
One might wear any passion out of a family by culture, as 
skillful gardeners blot a colour out of a tulip that hurts 
its beauty. Taller. 
These bud variations . . . occur rarely under nature, 
but they are far from rare under culture. 
Darwin, Origin of Species, i. 
Hence 3. In bacteriology: (n) The propaga- 
tion of bacteria or other microscopic organisms 
by the introduction of the germs into suitably 
prepared fluids or other media, or of parasitic 
fungi upon living plants. Also called cultiva- 
tion. 
The only thing to he done now was to take advantage of 
what hail previously been learned as to the attenuation of 
virus, and endeavor, through successive culture*, to pro- 
gressively lessen the harmfulness of the rabid [K>ifton. 
Sei. Amer. Supp., p. 8692. 
(fc) The product of such culture. 
This bacillus [of typhoid fever] is difficult to stain in tis- 
sues, while purr 0HmcrM .stain readily with the usual dyes. 
Hack's Handbook of iletl. Sciences, IV. 765. 
4. The systematic improvement and refine- 
ment of the mind, especially of one's own. 
culture-cell 
[Not common before the nineteenth century, 
except with strong consciousness of the meta- 
phor involved, though used in Latin by Cicero.] 
Rather to the pomp and ostentacion of their wit, then 
to tin- ctilittre and profit of theyr mindeft. 
Sir T. Morr, Work*, p. 14. 
The culture and manurance of minds in .\uulli hath such 
a forcible (though unseen) operation as hardly any length 
i'f time or contention of labour can countervail it att- i 
wards. /;. Advani-i-meut of Learning d irigiiiid 
(English I'd.), Work- III Ol 
O Lord, if thou suffer not thy servant, that we may pray 
til-fun- thee, and thou give ns seed unto our heart, and 
culture tu our nndei-KtHuding, that then- may ruine fruit 
of it, how shall each man live that is corrupt, who in-nri-tli 
tin- plan- of a man'.' 2 I'.sd. vlil. 6. 
Culture, the acquainting onmch'cs with the best that 
has been known ami said In the world, and thus with the 
history of the human spirit. 
M . Arnold, Literature and Ito^'ina. I'M t. 
5. The result of mental cultivation, or the state 
of being cultivated; refinement or enlighten- 
ment; learning and taste; in a broad sense, 
civilization : as, a man of culture. 
Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic 
MOM, is that complex whole which Includes knowledge, 
belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabili- 
ties and habits acquired by man as a member of society. 
K. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, i. 1. 
Culture in its widest sense is, I take It, thorough ac- 
quaintance with all the old and new result* of intellec- 
tual activity in all departments of knowledge, so far a* 
they conduce to welfare, to correct living, and to rational 
conduct. H'. K. Brook*, Law of Heredity, p. 272. 
6. The training of the human body. 
Amongst whom [the Spartans) also both in other things, 
and especially In the culture of their bodies, the nobility 
observed the most equality with the commons. 
Hobbei, tr. of Thncydides, i. 
7. The pursuit of any art or science with a 
view to its improvement. 
Our national resources arc developed by an earnest 
culture of the arts of peace. Bancroft, Hist. I'. ., I. Int. 
8f. Cultivated ground. 
Proceeds the caravan 
Through lively spreading cultures, pastures green, 
And yellow tillages in opening woods. 
Dyer, The Fleece. 
Gelatin culture, a growth of bacteria in a medium made 
of the consistence of jelly by means of gelatin. Pure cul- 
ture, in bacteriology, a growth of one kind of bacteria free 
from admixture of other varieties. Solid culture, a cul- 
ture of bacteria, etc., for which the medium Is a solid at 
ordinary temperatures, usually gelatin or a preparation, 
such as agar-agar, made from alga?. Test-tube cul- 
ture, a growth of bacteria in a test-tulie. = Syn. 4-6. Re- 
finement, Cultivatitm, Culture. Each of these words may 
represent a process or the result of that process. Only 
refinement can, when unqualified, represent a process or 
result carried too far. Refinement is properly most nega- 
tive, representing a freeing from what Is gross, coarse, 
rude, and the like, or a bringing of one out of a similar 
condition in which he is supposed to have been at the 
start. Cultivation and culture represent the person or 
the better part of him as made to grow by long-continued 
and thorough work. Refinement and cultivation, a* thus 
representing the more negative and the more positive 
aspects of the improvement of man, were much more 
common until within thirty years ; since then culture 
has largely supplanted cttlttration : this change, coming 
when great attention was concentrating about the sub- 
ject of the development of all the departments of the 
nature of man, produced a great enlargement of the defi- 
nition of culture, for a time the improvement and grati- 
fication of taste being magnified in undue proportion by 
some, and by others the mere acquisition of knowledge. 
The word is now applied to the improvement of the whole 
man, bodily, mentally, and spiritually, although bodily 
training I* not prominent unless specially mentioned ; the 
moral and the spiritual are jealously included. Culture 
may be used of the state of society as well as of the man ; 
refinement and cultivation refer primarily to the state of 
the individual. As referring to either, culture in its 
broadest sense may be called the highest phase of civili- 
zation. 
What do we mean by this fine word Culture, so much In 
vogue at present? What the Greeks naturally expressed 
by their wtuStia, the Romans by humanitas, we less hap- 
pily try to express by the more artificial word Culture. 
. . . When applied to the human being, it means, I sup- 
pose, the "educing or drawing forth [of] all that I* poten- 
tially in a man," the training (of) all the energies and capa- 
cities of his being to the highest pitch, and directing them 
to their true ends. Shairp, Culture and Religion, i. 
culture (kul'tur). t'. t. ; pret. and pp. cultured, 
ppr. culturinij" [< culture, n. Cf. ML. CM- 
rare: see ailturate.] To cultivate: as, "cul- 
tured vales," Sltenstone, Elegies, xxv. 
culture-bulb (kul'tur-bulb), . A bulb-shaped 
culture-tube. Dolley, Bacteria Investigation, 
p. 76. 
culture-cell (kul'tur-sel), n. A small moist 
chamber for the microscopic observation of the 
culture of organic germs, it is usually made by 
fixing to a microscopic slide a short glass cylinder ; upon 
the latter a cover-glass is placed, and the culture Is made 
in a drop of fluid on the lower surface of the cover-glass, 
thus beinj! available for microscopic examination at all 
times without disturbance. The culture is kept moist by 
water in the bottom of the cell. 
