Cybele 
Cybele(sili'o-lo), . [L.,< (!r. Kr,<>>'/, also writ- 
ten Kr 1 1/ iii, I., ri/lnlii: | 1. In I'lussii-iil HI i/ Hi., 
an earth-goddess, of I'lirv^inn and Cretan ori- 
gin, but identified liy tin- Greeks witli Kliea, 
daughter of Uranus 'and lie, or Heaven ami 
1421 
home on the edi;cs of greatly all- nit lr:i\rs, produced 
in the regular series of the ordinary leaves. The seeds of 
se\eral species are made into tlonr for hread, and the 
pith of the trunk yields a coarse sago, whence tin 
Cybele ami Attis. - Roman relief, vl century A. D. 
Earth, wife of Cronus or Saturn, and mother 
of /ens or .Inpiler henco railed the Mother 
of the Gods, or the Great Mother, in art, Cyhele 
usual 1} wears the mural crown ami a veil, and is seated on 
a throne with her sacred lions at her feet. 
2. [NL.] Inro<>7.,agenusof trilobites. Loven, 
1845. 
Cybium (sib'i-um), n. [NL., < L. cybiinii, :i 
tunny-fish, a dish made of tunny-fish salted in 
pieces, < Gr. ni'fimv, the flesh of the tunny salted 
in (square) pieces (< (ci'/fof, a cube, a piece of 
salt fish) ; n. Kvfteiaf, a kind of tunny.] A ge- 
nus of fishes, of the family Seombrioa, A num- 
lirr of species are natives of the seas of the East Indies, 
anil SOIHI' arc iittirh esteemed for the tatile. I )ne species, 
C. wuuit' r.v<i/ii. is used in a dried as well as in a fresh state. 
cycad (si'kad), . One of the Cycadacece. 
Cycadaceae (sik-a-da'se-e), n. i>l. [<Cycas 
(Cycad-) + -MMKJ A very peculiar natural 
order of gymnospermous plants, in many par- 
ticulars having affinities with the ferns, though 
some of the genera resemble palms in their 
general appearance. They are long-lived and of slow 
growth. The stern is rarely branched, is elongated by a 
terminal Imd, and bears a crown of large pinnate leaves, 
which are cirdnatc in vernation. The flowers are dim- 
cious, the male flowers in terminal cones formed of scales 
bearing numerous one-celled anthers on the dorsal surface. 
The seeds are borne on the margins of altered leaves in the 
genus Cycan, and on the inner surface of the peltate scales 
of a cone in the other genera. The wood is without resin, 
cycle 
iniii/., a circular or rotatory articulation, an 
that by means of which the ln-id i.f the radius 
tunin on the ulna, and tin' atlas rolls on tin 
pivot of the axis. In the former MM :i cin-lr rcpic 
scnteil h> the h- ail of the IHHIC. turns tbronph n> ai l\ I -o 
upon it* own center, a segment of its circumference ulM 
ing in the lesser sigmoid (Cavity of the ulna. In the ailo 
axoid cyclarthrosis a ring swings back and forth upon ;i 
pivot at one Jfoilit inside tile eirciiinfereiiee. Also call. i| 
i'l litt, ,', 
Cycatiacea. 
a. Etcephalartos. b. Macrozftmia. c. Inflorescence of Cycas. 
and the pith large. The plants of this order inhabit India. 
Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, and tropical Amcvic;i. 
There are about BO species, in !> genera, of which the chief 
are ('.'/<'"* '/.mnia. M<j<->--n ini<i, Encephalartoi,tuiA Dion. 
The farinaceous pith of various species is used for food, 
and they arc frequently cultivated in hothouses for orna- 
ment or because of their curious habit. The Cycadacetp 
are found in the various geological formations, beginning 
with the Permian. They are exceedingly abundant in the 
Meso/oie. ami especially in the earlier stages of that series. 
(See Mesozoic.) On this account the Meso/.oie formations 
are sometimes elasseil together as representing the "age 
of cycads." See l't<'ri'hiilhtut, '/.i(tnttfn,0tozainite8, Ptero- 
t'itititi',1, /Wo.ram <'''*. 
cycadaceoUS (sik-a-da'shius), a. In bot., be- 
longing to or resembling the natural order Cy- 
MMiaew. 
cycadiform isi-kad'i-formX a. [< NL. I'lji'ii.t 
(Cycad-) + L. forma, shape.] Resembling in 
form the eyelids. 
Cycas (si'k'as), n. [NL., < Gr. Kr/car, orig. ap- 
plied to the African cocoa-palm.] 1. A genus 
of plants, natural order Ci/cadnrcir, natives of 
Asia, Polynesia, and Australia. They are trees 
with simple stems, hearitm a crown of crowded pinniite 
leaves with numerous narrow leaflets. The pollen is 
contained in valvate anthers on the under surface of 
scales, which are united into lar.L'e cones. The seeds are 
Cycas c 
( From Le Maout and Dccaisne's " Traitc general de Botanique." ) 
mon but incorrect name of myo-palw. The species fre- 
quently cultivated in hothouses are C. remluta, from 
China and Japan, and C. circinalit, of the East Indies. The 
seeds of the latter are known as madu-uuts. 
2. [/. c.] A plant of the genus Cycas. 
Cychla, cychlid, etc. See Cichla, etc. 
Cycladidae (si-klad'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cyclas 
(Cyclad-) + -idte.] A family of siphonate bi- 
valve mollusks, taking name from the genus 
( 'i/i-ln.1 : now called Sphasriida! (which see). 
Cyclamen (sik'la-men), n. [NL., < Gr. mAd- 
fiivof, also KvK%a/llf, cyclamen, appar. < /cwcAof, a 
circle, referring, it is said, to the corm or bulb- 
like root.] 1. A small genus of bulbous primu- 
laceous plants, natives of southern Europe and 
western Asia. They are low herbs with very hand- 
some flowers, and are favorite greenhouse-plants. The 
fleshy tubers, though acrid, are greedily sought after by 
swine ; hence the vulgar name mwbrcad. 
2. [1. c.] A plant of the genus Cyclamen. 
Those wayside shrines of sunny Italy where . . , gilly- 
flower and cyclamen are renewed with every morning. 
//. H. Stuwe, Agnes of Sorrento, i. 
cyclamin (sik'la-min), . [< Cyclam(en) + -t 2 .] 
A vegetable principle found in the root of spe- 
cies of Cyclamen. It is white, amorphous, or 
in minute crystals, and has a bitter, acrid taste. 
cyclamen (sik'la-mon), n. [< Cyclam(en) + 
-on.] In ccram.j a purplish-red tint of modern 
introduction. 
Cyclanthus (sik-lan'thus), n. [NL., < Gr. KV- 
KAof, a circle, + 
orf?of, a flower.] 
A small ge- 
nus of palm-like 
plants, type of the 
natural order Cy- 
clanthacixe, which 
is allied to the 
Pandanacea; and 
includes one other 
genus, Carludovi- 
ca. The species in- 
habit tropical Ameri- 
ca. They have fan- 
shaped leaves, and 
unisexual flowers ar- 
ranged in spiral bauds 
around the apadix. 
Cyclarhis(sik'la-ris),n. [NL. (Swainson, 1824); 
also written Cyclaris, CycMarin, more correctly 
Ci/i'/orhis, and strictly Cyclorrhts; < Gr. xi'idof, 
a circle, + /Mf, nose.] A genus of American 
oscine passerine birds, of the family VireonMie, 
or greenlets, with rounded nostrils. C. guianmrii 
is an example. There are some 10 species, ranging from 
Mexico to Paraguay. 
cyclarthrodial (sik-lar-thro'di-al), a. [< Gr. 
Kfodof, a circle, + apffpwdia, a particular kind 
of articulation, < apftpu^r/f, articulated : see ar- 
tliroilia.} Having the character of a rotatory 
diarthrosis or lateral ginglymus ; of or pertain- 
iue; to a ryi-larthrosis: as. <-ii<-lnrtltr<>dial articu- 
lation : ctiflurtliroiliiil movement. 
cyclarthrosis (sik-liir-thro'sis), H. [NL., < Gr. 
/>><;, a circle, + a/id/xMif, articulation.] In 
Inflorescence and Leaf of Cyclantku 
cyclas (oik'las), H. [L., < Gr. KVK'/MC, prop, adj., 
round (sc. eaOt/f, gannent), < MI./OI, round. Cf. 
ciclaton.] 1. An upper tunic of ornamental 
character worn by women under the Roman 
empire, and assumed by some emperors con- 
sidered effeminate, as Caligula. It was made of mil- 
material, and had its name from the border rmliroidt ie.1 
in purple and ^oh! which surrounded it at the bottom. 
2. An outer garment similar to the surcoat, ap- 
parently circular in form, worn in the four- 
teeuth century, especially by women, when worn 
by knight* over their armor, it was longer behind than I >e 
fore, and not very closv-RUing ; in this use It preceded the 
jupou. 
This . . . cycla was in fashion . . . only in the early 
half of the fourteenth century, and the ehlgies . . . with 
it are far from numerous. 
/.V..JVIIM, Archicol. .lour., XXXV. 250. 
3. [cap.'} [NL.] The typical genus of mollusks 
of the family Ci/cUididce, or fyilueriida!, having 
the shell equivalve, thin, ventricose, with exter- 
nal ligament and thick horny epidermis. The 
species are numerous in fresh water. Also 
called x/ilin I'iiuii. 
cycle 1 (si'kl), n. [= F. cycle = 8p. It. ciclo = Pg. 
cyclo, < LL. cyclas, < Gr. /racAof, a ring, circle, 
wheel, disk, orb, orbit, revolution, period of 
time, collection of poems, etc., prob. contr. 
from 'Kftn^of = AS. hweogl, contr. limetil (> E. 
wheel, q. v.), = Skt. cliakra, a wheel, disk, cir- 
cle ; prob. redupl. from a root *kar, "leal seen in 
Gr. KvUnv, roll (> ult. E. cylinder, q. v.).] 1. An 
imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens. 
The sphere 
With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, 
Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb. 
Milton, P. L, viii. 84. 
2. A round of years or a recurring period of 
time used as a larger unit in reckoning time ; 
especially, a period in which certain astronomi- 
cal phenomena go through a series of changes 
which recur in the corresponding parts of the 
next period. 3. Any long period of years; an 
age. 
The cycle of a change sublime 
Still sweeping through. 
WUttttr, The Reformer. 
Tilings exist just so long as conditions exist, whether that 
be a moment or a cycle. 
O. H. Levse*, Probs. of Life and Mind, Istser., VI. ii. 8 10. 
4. Any round of operations or events ; a series 
which returns upon itself ; specifically, in phys- 
ics, a series of operations by which a substance 
is finally brought back to the initial state. 5. 
In literature, the aggregate of legendary or tradi- 
tional matter accumulated round some mythical 
or heroic event or character, as the siege of Troy 
and the Argonautic expedition of antiquity, or 
the Round Table, the Cid, and the Nibelungs 
of medieval times, and embodied in epic or nar- 
rative poetry or in romantic prose narrative. 
Their superstition has more of interim- belief and less 
of ornamental machinery than those to which Aniadis de 
Gaul and other heroes of the later cycle* of romance fur- 
nished a model, llallam, I nt rod. Lit. of Europe, I. ii. i 57. 
It is a well-known fact that many of the most popular 
traditional ballads, such as those of the Arthurian cycle, 
"Hynil Horn," and others, were simply abridgments of 
older metrical romances. N. and. Q., 7th ser., II. 421. 
6. In bot. : (a) In the theory of spiral leaf-ar- 
rangement, a complete turn of the spire which 
is assumed to exist. ( 6) A closed circle or whorl 
of leaves. 7. In corals, a set of septa of equal 
length. See septum. 
The cyclen are numbered according to the lengths of the 
septa, the longest being counted as the first. In the young, 
six equal septa constitute the flrst cycle. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 147. 
8. As used by the old medical sect of Metho- 
dists, an aggregate of curative means continued 
during a certain number of days, usually nine. 
DwMMM. 9. [Partly as an inclusive abbre- 
viation of bicycle and tricycle, but with ref. also 
to the orig. Gr. Kwolof, a wheel.] A bicycle or 
tricycle; a "wheel." [Recent.] 
All the many wagons and carriages and rydr* we saw 
above us on the modern road were l>eing led, not driven. 
./. (/// K. R. Pennell, Canterbury Pilgrimage. 
Carnot's cycle, the succession of o|H-rations undergone 
by the substance in the interior of Caniot's imaginary 
engine: namely, the- piston is tirst forced down without 
the escape of any heat hy conduction ; next, heat is com- 
municated to the contents of the cylinder, hut pressure is 
