cycle 
removed from the piston, so that there is no change of 
temperature ; third, the conduction of heat being stopped, 
further pressure is removed, so that the piston rises still 
further ; finally, heat is removed from the contents of the 
cylinder, but pressure is put on to the piston so as to pre- 
serve the temperature unchanged until the body in the 
cylinder is brought back to its original condition ; or all 
these operations are reversed. Chinese cycle. See sex- 
agenary cycle. Cycle of infliction, nn arbitrary period 
of 15 years used in Roman and ecclesiastical history. The 
year A. D. 313 is taken as the first year of the first cycle. 
See indiction. Cycle of the saros, or Chaldean cycle, 
a period of 6,585J days, in which eclipses recur nearly in 
the same way. Hebdomadal or heptal cycle, a period 
of seven days or years, which was supposed, either in its 
multiple or submultiple, to govern many phenomena of 
animal life. Vunylison. Metonic cycle, the lunar-solar 
cycle, established by the Greek astronomer Meton, the 
first year of the first cycle beginning 432 B. c., June 27. 
It contained 19 years, of which 12 consisted of 12 luna- 
tions, and the other 7 that is to say, the 3d, 6th, 8th, llth, 
14th, 16th, and 19th consisted of 13 lunations. At the 
end of the cycle the sun was in about the same position 
as at the beginning ; in fact, 19 tropical years are 6,939.60 
days, while 235 lunations are 6,939.69 days, so that there is 
a difference of only about 2 hours between the two. This 
cycle is used in ecclesiastical computations in determin- 
ing the date of Easter. See golden number, under golden. 
Paschal cycle, a period o'f 532 years, after which Easter 
falls on the same day of the year. Sexagenary cycle, 
a cycle of 60 (years, days, hours, etc.) in use throughout 
the Chinese empire and the countries receiving their 
literature and civilization from China. It is said to have 
been contrived by the Emperor Hwang-te, 2637 B. c. Fre- 
quently called the Chinese cycle. Solar cycle, or cycle 
Of Sundays, a period of 28 years, alter which the days 
of the week, according to the old style or Julian calen- 
dar, recur on the same days of the month. Sothiac cy- 
cle or period, the canicular year, annus inagnus, or an- 
7ii vagus, a period of 1,461 years, used in ancient Egypt. 
The epic cycle, in ancient Greek literature, a series 
of epics collected and arranged by grammarians of the 
Alexandrine period, so as to present a continuous mythic 
history from the marriage of the first divine pair, Uranus 
and Ge (Heaven and Earth), to the death of Odysseus 
(Ulysses). With the exception of the Iliad and the Odys- 
sey, only a few short passages from the poems included in 
this cycle have come down to us. 
cycle 1 (si'kl), v. i.', pret. and pp. cycled, ppr. 
cycling. [< cycle 1 , n.] 1. To occur or recur in 
cycles. 
It may be that no life is found, 
Which only to one engine bound 
Falls off, but cyelen always round. 
Tennyson, Two Voices. 
2. [See cycle 1 , n., 9.] To ride or take exercise 
on a bicycle or tricycle. [Recent.] 
It was a mistake to suppose that cycling was only suita- 
ble for the young and active ; people of all ages and con- 
ditions might enjoy the benefits of the wheel. 
Nature, XXXIII. 180. 
The cycling excursion may be of too extended a nature. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 858. 
cycle^t, H. A false spelling of sickle. Fuller. 
Cycleptinse (sik-lep-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Cy- 
cleptus + -ime.] A subfamily of catostomoid 
fishes, typified by the genus Cycleptus, with a 
long dorsal fin, elongated body, and no inter- 
parietal fontanel. 
Cycleptus (si-klep'tus), n. [NL., < Gr. xwtAof, 
a circle, + AeTrrof, thin, fine.] The typical and 
only known genus of Cycleptinw. There is but one 
Black-horse ( Cycleptus elongatus}. 
(From Reporter U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) 
species, C. elongatus, growing to a length of 2J feet, com- 
mon in the Mississippi valley, and popularly known as 
the black-horse, suckerel, gourd-mouth, gourdseed-sucker, 
sucker, and Missouri sucker. 
cycler (si'kler), n. Same as cyclist, 2. 
cycli, . Plural of cyclus. 1. 
cyclian (sik'li-an), a. [< L. cyclus, a cycle, + 
-tan.] Same as cyclic. 
The Cyclian poets, who formed the introduction and 
continuation to the Iliad, were therein as much drawn 
upon as Homer himself. 
C. 0. Muller, Manual of Archseol. (trans.), 415. 
cyclic (sik'lik), a. and n. [= F. cyclique = Sp. 
cielico = Pg. cyclico = It. ciclico, < L. cyclictts, 
< Gr. KVK?u.K6(, < KviAof, a circle: see cycle.] I. 
a. 1. Pertaining to or moving in a cycle or cir- 
cle ; specifically, governed by a regular law of 
variation, according to which the final and ini- 
tial terms of the series of changes or states are 
identical. 
All the cyclic heavens around me spun. 
Mrs. Browning, Drama of Exile. 
2. Connected with a literary cycle : specifical- 
ly applied to certain ancient Greek poets (some- 
1422 
times inclusive of Homer) who wrote on the 
Trojan war and the adventures of the heroes 
connected with it. See cycle, 5. 
The cyclic aspect of a nation's literary history has been 
so frequently observed that any reference to it involves a 
truism. Stedtnan, Viet. Poets, p. 238. 
3. In anc. metrics, delivered more rapidly than 
usual, so as to occupy only three times or morie 
instead of four: used to note certain dactyls 
and anapests. Thus, a cyclic dactyl is equiva- 
lent in time to a trochee, and a cyclic aiiapest 
to an iambus Cyclic axis of a cone of the second 
order, a line through the vertex perpendicular to the cir- 
cular section of the cone. Booth, 1852. Cyclic chorus. 
See chorus.- Cyclic dyadic. See dyadic. Cyclic .flpw- 
er, a flower in which the parts are arranged in distinct 
whorls. Cyclic planes of a cone of the second order, 
the two planes through one of the axes which are parallel 
to the planes of the circular section of the cone. Cyclic 
region, in geom., a region within which a closed line can 
be drawn in such a manner that it cannot shrink indefi- 
nitely without passing out of the region. 
II. n. A cyclic poem. 
The whole multitudinous people, divine and human, of 
the whole Greek cyclicg, seem to me as if sculptured in a 
half relief upon the black marble wall of their fate. 
S. Lanier, The English Novel, p. 88. 
Cyclica (sik'li-ka), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of L. 
cyclicus, < Gr. Kv'iAiKOf, circular : see cyclic.] In 
Latreille's system of classification, the sixth 
family of tetramerous Coleoptera ; a group of 
phytophagous terrestrial beetles with mostly 
rounded bodies, whence the name, belonging 
to the modern group Phytophaga, and to such 
families as Cassididce, Hispidce, Chrysomelidce, 
etc. The Cyclica were divided into three tribes, 
Cassidarice, Chrysomelince, and Galerucitce. 
cyclical (sik'li-kal), a. [< cyclic + -al.] 1. 
Pertaining to a cycle ; cyclic. 
Time, cyclical time, was their abstraction of the Deity. 
Coleridge. 
2. In bot. : () Rolled up circularly, as many 
embryos, (ft) Arranged in cycles or whorls ; 
verticillate. 3. In zool., recurrent in succes- 
sive circles ; serially circular ; spiral ; whorled. 
We find in the nautiloid spire a tendency to pass into 
the cyclical mode of growth. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 457. 
Cyclical relation, in logic, a relation such that, in pass- 
ing from a term to its correlate, and again to the correlate 
of that correlate, and so on, the original term is again 
reached. Cyclical square or cube, in alg., a square 
or cube which is congruent to its base, especially with a 
modulus of ten. 
Cyclidae (sik'li-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cyclus, 2, + 
-idee.] A family of xiphosurous merostoma- 
tous crustaceans, represented by the genus Cy- 
clus. The body is discoid and orbicular ; the abdomen 
has three segments scarcely differentiated from the cepha- 
lic shield ; and the cephalic limbs are nearly as in the lar- 
val stage of species of Limulus. It is of Carboniferous age. 
cyclide (si'klid), n. [< F. cyclide, < Gr. nmtof, a 
circle : see cycle 1 , n.] In geom., the envelop of a 
sphere touching three fixed spheres. 
Cyclidinia (sik-li-din'i-a), n. pi. [NL., as Cy- 
clidium + -in-ia.] In Ehrenberg's system 
(1836), a family of illoricate, ciliated, entero- 
delous infusorians. See Cyclodinea. 
Cyclidium (si-klid'i-um), . [NL. (Muller, 
1786), < Gr. K'UK^OC, a circle, + dim. -16001.] A 
genus of holotrichous infusorians, now referred 
to the Pleuronemidce, inhabiting both fresh and 
salt water, as C. glaucoma. This is one of the first 
animalcules to appear in hay-infusions, in which it often 
swarms in countless numbers. They are extremely minute, 
requiring the higher powers of the compound microscope 
for their examination. 
Cyclifera (si-klif 'e-rii), n.pl. [NL., < Gr. /ci/cAof, 
circle, + ferre = E. 'bearl.] An order of fishes 
comprising ganoids with subcircular or cycloid 
scales : same as Cycloganoidei. 
cyclifying (sik'li-fi-ing), a. [Ppr. of "cycK/y, 
< LL. cyclus, a circle, + -fy.] In geom., redu- 
cing to a circular form Cyclifying line, the gen- 
erator of a cyclifying surface. Cyclifying plane, a tan- 
gent plane to a cyclifying surface. Cyclifying surface, 
a developable surface in which a twisted curve lies, and 
which, being developed into a plane, transforms the curve 
into a circle. 
Cyclinea (si-klin'e-a), n. pi. [NL. (Dana, 1852), 
< Gr. sbiOof, circle, + -inea.] A primary divi- 
sion or "legion" of cyclometopous crabs, pro- 
posed for the genus Acanthocyclus. 
cyclist (si'klist), n. [< cycle*, n., + -ist.] 1. One 
who reckons by cycles, or believes in the cyc- 
lic recurrence of certain classes of events ; 
specifically, one who believes in the cyclic char- 
acter of meteorologic phenomena, and of po- 
litical and commercial crises, and endeavors to 
connect them with the cyclic changes of the 
sun's spots. 2. [Partly as an inclusive abbre- 
viation of bicyclist and tricyclist: see cycle*, ., 9.] 
One who rides a bicycle or a tricycle . Also cycler. 
Oyclodus 
cyclitis (si-kli'tis), H. [NL., < Gr. /aw/of, a cir- 
cle, any circular body, + -ids.] Inpathol., in- 
flammation of the ciliary body. 
cycle-. [NL., etc., cyclo-, < Gr. nvnTtof, circle, 
ring: see cycle.] An element in words of Greek 
origin, meaning ' circle.' 
Cyclobranchia (si-klo-brang'ki-a), . pi. [NL., 
< Gr. KVK'AIX;, a circle, + /1pay%ia, gills.] Same 
as Cyclobranchiata. 
cycldbranchian (si-klo-brang'ki-an), n. [< Cy 
clobranchia + -an.] One of the Cyclobranchiata. 
Cyclobranchiata (si-kla-brang-ki-a'ta), n. pi. 
[NL., neut. pi. of cyclobranchiatus : see cyclo- 
branchiate.] If. In DeBlainville's system of clas- 
sification, an order of gastropodous mollusks, 
characterized by the circular disposition of the 
gills, represented by the chitons and limpets. 
The group as thus constituted is not now gen- 
erally adopted. 2. A suborder of prosobran- 
chiate gastropods, modified from the original 
group by the exclusion of the chitons or poly- 
placophorous mollusks, and consisting only of 
the limpets or docoglossate gastropods. They are 
prosobranchiate gastropods with flat, lamellar, foliaceous 
gills circularly disposed around the foot, under the edge 
of the mantle ; a lingual armature consisting of horny 
toothed plates (whence the name Docoglossa, applied by 
Troschel) ; two kidneys ; no external copulatory organs ; 
the foot large and strong, and usually flat and broad ; and 
sometimes a dextral cervical gill. The functional gills are 
not modified ctenidia, the true ctenidia of limpets being 
reduced to mere 'papillae. See Docoglossa, Patellidce. 
Also Cyclobranchia. 
cyclobranchiate (si-klo-brang'ki-at), a. [< 
NL. cyclobranchiatus, < Gr. Ktw/lof, a circle, + 
/3pd-yx' a , gills.] Having a circlet of plaited 
gills, as a limpet ; specifically, having the char- 
acters of the Cyclobranchiata. 
cyclocephali, n. Plural of cyclocephalus. 
cyclocephalic (sl'klo-se-fal'ik or -sef'a-lik), a. 
|X cyclocephahis + -ic.] Pertaining to or re- 
sembling a cycloeephalus. 
cyclocephalus (si-klo-sef'a-lus), n. ; pi. cycloce- 
phali (-li). [NL., < Gr. KimAof, a circle, + KC<JM.^, 
head.] 1. In teratol., a monster whose eyes are 
in contact or united in one. 2. The head of 
one suffering from hydrocephalus. Dunglison. 
Cycloclypeina (si-klo-klip-e-i'na), n.pl. [NL., 
\ Cycloclypeus + -ina 2 .] A group of foramin- 
if ers, typified by the genus Cycloclypeus. The test 
is complanate or lenticular, having a disk of chamberlets 
disposed in concentric rings or acervuline layers (with 
more or less lateral thickening), double septa, and a sys- 
tem of interseptal canals. 
Cycloclypeinae (si-klo-klip-e-i'ne), n.pl. [NL., 
C Cycloclypeus + -ince.] A subfamily of Num- 
mulinidce. See Cycloclypeina. 
Cycloclypeus (si-klo-klip'e-us), . [NL., < Gr. 
KM/tof, a circle, + L. clypeus, clupeus, a shield.] 
The typical genus of Cycloclypeina. 
cyclocoelic (si-klo-se'lik), a. [< Gr. Ktw/,of, a cir- 
cle, + KoMa, the belly, the intestines, + -ic.] 
Arranged in coils ; coiled : applied to the intes- 
tines of birds when thus disposed, in distinction 
from orthocoelic. 
cyclode (si'klod), n. [< Gr. ra/cAoc, a circle, + 
o&if, way, path. Invented by Silvester, 1868.] 
In geom., the th involute of a circle. 
Cyclodinea (si-klo-din'e-a), . pi. [NL., < Gr. 
KVK'A&djjf, circular" (see 'cycloid), + -inea.] In 
Stein's system of classification (1878), a fam- 
ily of peritrichous infusorians, represented by 
the genera Mesodinium, Didiniitm, and Urocen- 
tnim. 
cyclodinean (si-klo-din'e-an), a. [< Cyclodinea 
+ -an.] Of or pertaining to the Cyclodinea. 
Cyclodus (si-klo'dus), n. [NL,, < Gr. /cwolof, 
a circle, + 
odoi'f (bSavr-) = 
E. tooth.] A ge- 
nus of skinks or 
sand-lizards, of 
the family Mn- 
cid&, having 
four short 5-toed 
limbs, thick cir- 
cular scales, a 
round tail, and 
scaly eyelids, it 
is named from the 
broad spheroidal 
crowns of the teeth, 
well adapted for 
crushing^, as shown 
in the side view of 
the skull herewith 
presented. The ge- 
nus belongs, like 
most existing lacer- 
tilians, to the divi- 
sion Cwiwcrania or 
column-skulls, hav- 
ing a well-develop- 
Skull of a Member of Cyclodus, entire and 
hemisected. 
Ar, articular bone ; BO, basioccipital ; 
RS, basisphenoid ; Co, columella ; D, den- 
ary; EO, exoccipital ; EfO, epiotic ; Fr, 
frontal ; 7, jugal ; Afx, maxilla ; JVa, na- 
sal ; OpO, opisthotic : Pa, parietal ; PS, 
postfrontal ; PI, paiatine ; Pmx, premax- 
llla ; Prf, prefrontal ; Pro, proStic ; Pt, 
pterygoid ; Qit, quadrate ; Sy, squamosal ; 
SO, supraoccipital ; Tr, transverse bone ; 
yo, vomer I V, yil, exits of trigeminus and 
facial nerves. 
