Cyclodus 
eil eoliiinella cranii. as show i in the liu'inr. C. iii'ias is a 
lalX'e \ll~tl.iliansprries. Ser .4 ' "', 
cycloganoid isi-klo-gan'oid), a. and H. I. n. of 
or relating to the Cyeloganomei, 
II. n. A lisli of the order CyrliM/tinoitli-i. 
Cycloganoidei(si kio-pi-noi'de-i), . //. [NL., 
< Gr. M !,/ . ii eirele. 4- NL. t'niiint/li i. i\. v. ] An 
order ol' osseous ganoid lislies, with well-devel- 
oped liranehiostcgal rays, the bones of the head 
nearly as in the toleosts, and the scales thin and 
generally rounde.l or cycloid. The species are 
mostly extinct, but one family, .-liniiiltt; still 
survives in the fresh waters of North America. 
See cut under .Imiiila: 
cyclogen (si'klo-jcn), . [< Gr. Ki'tfjif, a circle, 
riiitf, + -;!''/'. producing: see-</f.] Adieoty- 
ledonous plant with concentric woody circles ; 
Cycloids. 
The rolling wheel carries three pencils : 
that at .-/ generates the cycloid proper, 
that at ,i the prolate, and that at <r r the 
curtate cycloid. 
cyclograph (si'klo-graf), n. [< Gr. KVK/.oypa- 
<jifii>, describe a circle. < xricApf, a circle, + yi>a- 
iffiv, describe, write.] An instrument for de- 
scribing arcs of circles, it consists of two wheels 
of unequal diiuneter adjustable upon :i common rod, to 
which tile describing' pencil is attached. A greater or 
less curvature is given by moving the small wheel from or 
1'iwanl the larger. 
cycloid (si'kloid), ii. and n. [= F. cycloide = Sp. 
rii'loide = Pg. cycloide = It. cicloide, < Gr. av- 
k/inifii/f, eontr. KvitkuiiK, like a circle, < nM.of, a 
circle, + rirfor, fonn.] I. a. 1. Kesembling a 
circle; having a circular form. Specifically 
2. In ii'li Hi.: (<i) More or less circular, with con- 
centric striations: applied to the scales of cer- 
tain fishes. See cut under scale, (b) Having 
somewhat circular scales, as a fish ; specifically, 
pertaining to the Cycloidei. 
II. >t. 1. A curve generated by a point in the 
circumference or on a radius of a circle when 
the circle is rolled 
along a straight 
line and kept al- 
ways in the same 
plane. When the 
I ii ii 1 1 1 is in the circum- 
ference of the gener- 
ating circle the curve 
generated is the com- 
mon cycloid ; when it 
is within the circle 
the curve is a prolate 
cycloid; and when it 
is on a radius produced beyond the circle the curve is a 
irrtate cycloid. The cycloid is of great importance in 
relation to the theory of wave-motion. 
2. In ichtli., a cycloid fish; a fish with cycloid 
scales, or one of the Cycloidei Companion to 
the cycloid, a curve described by the intersection of a 
vertical line from the pnini of contact of a wheel rolling 
on a horizontal rail with a horizontal line from a fixed 
point on the circumference of the wheel. 
cycloidal (si-kloi'dal), a. [< cycloid + -al.] 1. 
Same as cycloid. 2. Of or pertaining to a cy- 
cloid ; of the nature of a cycloid : as, the cy- 
cloidal space (that is, the space contained be- 
tween the cycloid and its base). 
It is doubtful whether, at three years old. La Place 
could count much beyond ten ; and if, at six, he was ac- 
quainted with any other cycloidal curves than those gen- 
enited by the trundling of his hoop, he was a prodigy in- 
deed. Everett, Orations, I. 418. 
Cycloidal engine, paddle-wheel, pendulum. See the 
llllllllS. 
cycloidean (si-kloi'de-an), a. and n. [< Cycloi- 
.dei + -nn.] I. a. Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Cycloidei. 
II. n. One of the Cycloidei. 
Cycloideit (si-kloi'de-i), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
m&onSfc, circular: see cycloid.'] In L. Agas- 
siz's system of classification, the fourth order 
of fishes, including those with cycloid scales 
that is, scales of the usual type, marked with 
concentric rings and not enameled or pecti- 
nated. It was contrasted with the orders Ctenoidei, 
Ganoidei, and I'lactinlei. It has proved to be an artificial 
assemblage of forms, embracing most of the malacoptery- 
gian fishes of Cuvier, but also many of his iicanthoptery- 
giuns, and is not now in it-c 
cycloimber (si-kloim'ber), n. [< Gr. icviAot, 
circle; 2d element not obvious.] In geom., a 
curve drawn on the surface of a right cylinder so 
that when the cylinder is developed the curve 
becomes a circle. 
Cyclolabridae (si-klo-lab'ri-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. K< /,/(;, circle (component of Cycloidei, q. v.), 
+ NL. Labridtc, q. y. ] The family Labridtr, d i s- 
tiiii_'iiisiied by having cycloid scales, and thus 
contrasted with the Cteimltibridteor 1'omaci n/ri- 
ilir, long supposed to be closely related to them. 
Cyclolites (si-klo-li'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. M'W/OC, 
a circle, -f- fatioc,, a stone.] A genus of fossil 
corals, of the family finnjiiliv. Luninrcl;. 1801. 
cyclometer (si-kloiii'e-ter), n. [< (Jr. nl-K/m: 
circle, + fur/xir, a measure.] 1. An instru- 
1423 
ment for recording the revolutions of a wheel 
or the distance traversed by a vehicle; an odom- 
eter. 2. A circle-squarer. 
Cyclometopa (si'klo-me-to'pii), H. pi. [NL., 
\ (ir. di'/v/oi, a eirele, + fiiTu~m>. front, face.] 
A superfamily group of brachyurous decapod 
crustaceans. It* technical characters are: a short, 
tui.aii carapace, jimmied anteriorly and laterally pr-> 
ihn . il without a projecting rostrum; 9 pairs of gills; 
ami the male uenital opening on the basal joint of the 
last pair of thoracic legs. It contains such trenera as 
Canct'r. i'"i;:nn . 1'oi'tu ,ix, Xantho, etc., ami C.,MI 
sponds to the more modern grotip Cancroidea. In f)e 
Blalnville's system of classification the Cyclometo]ta were 
characterized as having the carapace very large, arched 
in front, and narrowed behind ; the legs moderately long ; 
and the epistoma very short and transverse. It inelinii-.l 
the families Canrriiltr, 1'orttuiiilir, ami r<ltiiiiiu<l<r ot 
Leach. It has also been called Cancroidea, and divided 
into the "legions" Cancrinea, Cyclinea, Con/ttoidea, and 
Thelphturinea. It includes the principal edible crabs of 
the northern seas. 
Cyclometopita (si'klo-me-top'i-tS), . pi. 
[NL.J Same as Cyclometopa. Imp. Diet. 
cyclometopous (si'klo-me-to'pus), a. [< Cyclo- 
metopa + -otis.] Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Cyclometopa. 
cyclometric (si-klo-met'rik), a. [= F. cyclo- 
wiiriffuc; as cyclometry + -ic.] In geom., re- 
lating to the division of a circumference into 
equal parts. 
cyclometry (si-klom'e-tri), n. [= F. cyclome- 
trif = Sp. ciclometria, < Gr. Kric/tof, a circle, + 
-fifrpia, < fier/iov, a measure.] 1. The art of 
measuring circles; specifically, the attempt to 
square the circle. 
I must tell you, that sir H. Siivile has confuted Joseph 
Scaligcr's cyclometry. 
Walli*, Due Correction of Hobbes, p. 118. 
2. The theory of circular functions. 
Cyclomyaria (si*klo-mi-a'ri-a), . pi. [NL., < 
Gr. ici'KXof, a circle, + five., muscle, fit. a mouse, 
= E. mouse. Cf. muscle.] In Claus's classifica- 
tion, an order of free-swimming tunicates or 
Thaliacea, containing only the family Doliolida;. 
Their technical characters are : a cask-shaped Iwdy, the 
mouth and atrial opening surrounded by lobes, the 
mantle delicate, the muscles arranged in closed rings, 
the dorsal wall of the pharyngeal cavity formed by a 
branchial lamella pierced with numerous slits, the diges- 
tive canal not compressed into a nucleus, the testes and 
ovaries maturing simultaneously, and development ac- 
complished by a complicated alternation of generations. 
In the first asexual generation there is a large auditory 
vesicle on the left side. Clan*, Zoology (trans.), II. 109. 
cyclomyarian (si'klo-mi-a'ri-an), a. [< Cy- 
clomyarui + -an.] Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Cyclomyaria. 
cyclonal (si'klo-nal), a. [= F. cyclonal; as 
cyclone + -al.] Pertaining to or of the nature 
of a cyclone ; cyclonic. 
The cyclonal curvature of the wind orbit is accompanied 
by a stronger gradient and greater angular deviation than 
is the anti-cyclonal curvature. 
Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 295. 
cyclone (si'klon), . [= F. cyclone = S\>. ciclon, 
' Gr. KVK/WV, whirling round, ppr. of KVK^OVV, nv- 
n"f.6tiv, go round, whirl round, as wind or water, 
move in a circle, surround, < (cix/of , a circle : see 
cycle.] 1 . A circular or rotatory storm of great 
force, of diameter varying from 100 to 500 
miles, revolving round a calm center, which 
advances at a rate varying from 2 to 40 miles 
an hour. Cyclones occur most frequently in those parts 
of the world subject to monsoons and in the region of the 
trade-winds, and seem to tie eddies formed by the meet- 
ing of opposing currents of air, which accounts for the 
fact that they revolve in opposite directions on the op- 
posite sides of the equator in the southern hemisphere 
with, and in the northern against, the direction in which 
the hands of a watch move ; in consequence of which, and 
the progression of the center, the strength of the storm 
in the northern hemisphere is greater on the south of the 
line of progression and weaker on the north than it would 
be if the center were stationary, the case being reversed 
in the southern hemisphere. Cyclones are preceded by a 
singular calm and a great fall of the barometer. 8ce anti- 
cyclopedic 
.1/111111, and ii'lnrltcind. [U. 8.] =8yn. Tornado, etc. 
--.T "'/</'-'. 
cyclone-pit (srklon-pit), n. On the prairies 
and plains of the western United States, a pit 
or underground room made for refuge from a 
tornado or cyclone. 
Cycloneura (si-klo-nu'rii), H. i>l. [NI,., < Gr. 
MA/or, circle, + vtv/iov, nerve.] A division of 
/lydrn;ini, corresponding to Hydromcdusie : op- 
posed to Tojioneura. Eimer. 
cycloneural (si-klo-nu'ral), n. [< r//r/</</ 
+ -til.] Having a complete nerve-ring, as a 
hydromedusnn : specifically, of or pertaining to 
the Cyrliiiifiint ; not toponeural. 
Cyclonic (si-klon'ik), a. [< ri/i'/nm + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to or of the nature of a cyclone : 
as, a cyclonic area; cyclonic action; "the cy- 
clonic motion in sun-spots," Young. 
cyclonically (si-klon'i-kal-i), adr. In the 
manner of a cyclone ; like a cyclone. 
Towards and around this (barometric] depression the 
winds blow cyclonically (t e. against the direction of the 
clock-hands). Nature, XXX. 305. 
Oyclopacea (sl-klo-pa'se-ft), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cyclops, 2, + -ticea.] A superfamily group of 
entomostracous crustaceans, taking name from 
the genus Cyclnpx : an inexact synonym of Co- 
pepoda. 
cyclopaedia, cyclopaedic, etc. See cyclopedia, 
etc. 
cyclope (si'klop), a. [< L. Cyclopevs : see cy- 
clopean.] Having or using a single eye ; cyclo- 
pean. [Poetical.] 
Even as the patient watchers of the night, 
The cyclojK gleaners of the fruitful skies, 
Show the wide misty way where heaven is white 
All paved with suns that daze our wondering eyes. 
0. W. Holuien, To Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. 
cyclopean (si-klo-pe'an), a. [= F. cyclopeen, < 
L. Cyclopeus, < Gr. KwcAtnrr/of, Cyclopean (archi- 
tecture), < Ki'/c/^Vi Cyclops.] Of or pertaining 
to, or exhibiting the characteristics of, any of 
the legendary Cyclopes. [Commonly with a 
capital when used with direct reference to these 
beings: as, Cyclopean architecture. See below.] 
Specifically (a) Having a single eye in the middle of the 
forehead ; in zoifl., having a median and apparently or ac- 
tually single eye. This state may be normal and perma- 
nent, as in some of the crustaceans ; or normal and mark- 
ing a stage of development ; or monstrous, from defect of 
growth in the parts concerned, whereby the eyes are not 
separated. It occurs, for example, occasionally in the pig. 
' ead, as 
}fal aL*:vl. vwuun, I'M i \ .1 1 1 1| i n . "i i .1 ^11 '1 1 .11 1_> III MM 
) Single and situated in the middle of the forehea< 
an eye. 
rue, mean, cycopean 
right of the median line. 
Cyclones occur at all hours of the day and night, where- 
as whirlwinds ami tornadoes show a diurnal period as dis- 
tinrtly marked as any in meteorology. Finally, cyclone* 
take place under conditions which involve unequal at- 
mospheric pressures or densities at the same heights of 
the atmosphere, due to inequalities in the geographical 
distribution of temperature and humidity; but whirl- 
winds occur where for the time the air is unusually warm 
or moist, and where, consequently, temperature and hu- 
midity diminish with height at an abnormally rapid rate. 
Cyclones are thus phenomena resulting from a disturb- 
ance of the equilibrium of the atmosphere considered 
horizontally, but whirlwinds and tornadoes have their ori- 
gin in a vertical disturbance of atmospheric equilibrium. 
Enciif. ISrH.. XVI. 129. 
2. A severe and very destructive storm of 
brief duration following a narrow path, often 
only 100 feet wide or less, and characterized 
by a rotary motion about the center of low 
barometer; a tornado. See tornado, tcater- 
slichtly to the 
Mind, IX. 93. 
(r) Vast; gigantic: applied to an early style of masonry, 
sometimes imitated in later ages, constructed of stones 
either unhewn or more or less irregularly shaped and fit- 
ted together, usually polygonal, but in some more recent 
examples approaching regular horizontal courses, and of- 
ten presenting joints of very perfect workmanship. Such 
masonry was fa- 
bled to be the 
work of the Cy- 
clopes. It is re- 
markable for the 
immense size of 
the stones com- 
monly employ- 
ed, and was most 
frequently used 
for the walls of 
cities and for- 
tresses. The 
walls of Tiryns, 
iiear Nauplia, 
in Ureece, men- 
tioned by Ho- 
mer, are a good 
specimen of Cy- 
clopean mason- 
ry. The remains 
of these walls 
consist of three courses, of which the stones, measuring 
from to 9 feet long, from 3 to 4 feet wide, and from 2 to 
3 feet deep, are rudely shaped, irregular masses piled on 
one another. Examples of Cyclopean work occur in Greece, 
Italy, Asia Minor, and elsewhere. The more primitive 
( ' j clopean masonry in Greece, roughly built of stones en- 
tirely unhewn, the spaces between the larger stones being 
filled with smaller ones, Is often termed Peltugic. 
cyclopedet (si'klo-ped), n. [< cyclopedia.] A 
cyclopedia. 
Peter Lombard's scholastic cydopfde of divinity. 
T. U'arton, Hist Eng. Poetry, II. 460. 
cyclopedia, cyclopaedia (si-klo-pe'di-ft), . 
[Short form of encyclopedia, encyclopedia, q. v.] 
1. A book containing accounts of the principal 
subjects in one branch of science, art, or learn- 
ing in general : as, a cyclopedia of botany ; a cy- 
clopedia of mechanics. 2. In a broader sense, 
a book comprising accounts of all branches of 
learning; an encyclopedia. See < in'i/i-ln/H-dia. 
cyclopedic, cyclopaedic (si-klo-pe'di'k or -ped'- 
ik), n. [< c>ii'l<>pi-ili<i. i'i/<-l'i/>a'<ii<i, + -ic.] 1. Of 
or pertaining to a cyclopedia. 2. Resembling 
Cyclopean Masonry. Walls of Aseos, in the 
Troad. ( From papers of the Arclueol. Inst. of 
