Cypridae 
Cypridae 1 (sip'ri-de), n. pi. [NL.] A less cor- 
rect form of Cyprididce. 
Cypridae 2 (sip'ri-de), n. pi. [NL.] A less cor- 
rect form of Cypra'idce. 
Cyprididae (si-prid'i-de), . /)/. [NL., < Cypris 
(Cyprid-) + -idee.] A family of ostracoid en- 
tomostracous crustaceans, of the order Ostra- 
codil. The technical characters are : a double median eye ; 
no heart ; a pair of light, strong valves or shells, not in- 
dented for the passage of the anteniiic; the anterior an- 
tenna; usually 7-jointed and beset with long seta; ; the pos- 
terior antenna; usually 6-jointed, simple, and pediform ; 
two pairs of legs ; and the abdomen furcate, with hooked 
seta;. The second pair of antenna; serve as locomotory 
and prehensile organs. There are several genera, chiefly 
fresh-water forms, as Cyprix, Notodromus, Bairdia, etc. 
Cypridina (sip-ri-di'na), n. [NL., < Cypris 
(Cyprid-) + -ina 1 .] The typical genus of ostra- 
coid crustaceans of the family Cypridinidce. C. 
nieditcrranea is an example. 
Cypridinidae (sip-ri-din'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cypridina + -idee.] A family of ostracoid ento- 
mostracous crustaceans, of the order Ostracoda. 
The technical characters are : a heart with dorsal aspect ; 
large paired, lateral, compound, stalked eyes ; the shells or 
valves beaked, and deeply indented for the passage of the 
antenna; ; the anterior antenna; bent and setose ; the pos- 
terior antenna; biramous, serving as swimming-organs; 
the manducatory apparatus abortive ; the palp long, pedi- 
form, and 5-jointed ; and the abdomen ending in a lamella 
armed with spines and hooks. They are exclusively ma- 
rine organisms. Cypridina and Asterops are the principal 
genera. 
Cyprina (si-pri'na), . [NL. Cf. Cyprinus.] 
A genus of siphonate bivalve mollusks, of the 
family Isocardiidce, or typical of a family Cy- 
prinidce, having two 
cardinal teeth and a 
lateral tooth on each 
valve. C. islandica is 
a large species of the 
North Atlantic. Also 
Cyprine. 
Cyprinacea (sip-ri- 
na'se-a), . pi. [NL., 
< Cyprina + -aeea.] A 
superfamily of mol- 
lusks, represented by 
the Cyprinidce and re- 
lated families. See 
Cyprinidce 2 . 
cyprinacean (sip-ri-na'se-an), a. and n. [< 
Cyprinaoea + -an.] I. o. Of or pertaining to 
the Cyprinacea. 
II. n. One of the Cyprinacea. 
cyprine 1 (sip'rin), a. ' [< Cyprinns.] In ichth., 
cyprinoid; carp-like; pertaining to fishes of 
the genus Cyprinus or family Cyprinidce. 
cyprine 2 (sip'rin), a. [Short for "cypressine, < 
LL. cypressinus, L. cupressinus, < Gr. Kmapiaai- 
vof, of the cypress, < Kvirdpiaaoc., cypress: see 
cypress 1 .] Of or belonging to the cypress. 
cyprine 3 (sip'rin), n. [< LL. cyprinus, cuprinus, 
of copper, < cuprum, copper: see copper.] A 
variety of vesuvianite or idocrase, of a blue tint, 
which is supposed to be due to the presence of 
copner. 
cyprinid 1 (sip'ri-nid), n. [< Cyprinidce^.] A 
fish of the family Cyprinidce. 
cyprinid 2 (sip'ri-nid), n. [< Cyprinidce 2 .] A 
mollusk of the family Cyprinidce. 
Cyprinidae 1 (si-prin'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,< Cyprinus 
+ -idee.] A family of fresh-water fishes, typified 
by the genus Cyprinus (the carp), of varying 
limits with different authors, (a) In Cuvier's sys- 
tem, the first family olMalampterygiiabdmninales, having 
a slightly cleft mouth with weak and generally toothless 
jaws, the border of the mouth being formed by the inter- 
maxillaries, and the trifling armature of the jaws consist- 
ing of the deeply indented pharyngeals ; a small number 
of branchial rays ; the body scaly ; and no adipose dorsal 
fin. (o) In Gunther's system, a family of physostomous 
fishes, with body generally covered with scales- head 
naked ; margin of upper jaw formed by the intermaxilla- 
ries ; mouth toothless ; lower pharyngeal bones well de- 
veloped, falciform and parallel with the branchial arches 
and provided with teeth in two or three series ; air-blad- 
der large, divided into an anterior and a posterior portion 
by a constriction, or into a right and a left portion inclosed 
in an osseous capsule (absent in Hoiiuiloptera) ; and ova- 
rian sacs closed, (c) In Gill's system, a family of eventog- 
nathous fishes, with the margin of the upper jaw formed 
by the intermaxillaries alone, the pharyngeal teeth few 
and three basal branchihyals. Even with its narrowest 
limits, it is the largest family of fishes, containing nearly 
1,000 species, which by some are referred to more than 
200 genera, but by others to much fewer. Very numerous 
representatives occur in the fresh waters of North Amer- 
ica, Europe, and Asia, and fewer in those of Africa where 
they have apparently found their way in later Tertiary 
times. They are absent from the streams of South Amer- 
ica, Australia, and all the islands of the Pacific ocean ex- 
cept those of the East Indian archipelago. About 260 spe- 
cies have been found in the United States, most of which 
are very small. In Europe and Asia species contribute 
largely to the food-supply of the people, but in America 
very few are of any economical importance. The most 
. 1432 
valuable is the true carp, Cypriniut carpio, which has been 
introduced and is now largely cultivated in the United 
States. Another species widely dispersed is the ornamen- 
tal goldfish, Carassius(or Cyprinus) amratus. Dace, roach, 
chub, shiner, and minnow are names applied to various 
species. See cuts under carp% and goldfish. 
Cyprinidae 2 (si-prin'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,< Cyprina 
+ -idee.] In conch., a family of siphonate bi- 
valve mollusks, taking name from the genus 
Cyprina. The technical characters are : a regular, equi- 
valve, oval shell, with thick, strong epidermis ; 1 - 3 prin- 
cipal cardinal teeth ; a simple pallial line ; and the edges 
of the mantle fused to form two siphonal openings. Also 
called Isocardiidce. See cut under Cyprina. 
cypriniform (si-prin'i-form), a. [< NL. Cy- 
prinus, q. v., + it. forma, shape.] In form re- 
sembling a cyprinoid fish ; carp-like. 
Cyprinina (sip-ri-m'na), n. pi. [NL., < Cypri- 
nus + -ina 2 .] In Giinther's system, the second 
group of Cyprinidai. The technical characters are : an 
air-bladder divided into an anterior and a posterior portion 
(not inclosed in an osseous capsule) ; pharyngeal teeth in 
single, double, or triple series, and few in number, the outer 
series not containing more than 7 ; the anal fln very short, 
with ft or 6, exceptionally 7, branched rays ; a lateral line 
running along the middle of the tail; and the dorsal fin 
opposite to the ventrals. 
Cyprinodon (si-prin'o-don), TO. [NL., < Gr. 
a carp, + 666v, Ionic form of orfoiV 
(bSovr-) = E. 
tootli.] The 
typical genus 
of the fam- 
ily Cyprino- 
dontidce. La- 
cepede, 1803. 
cyprinqdont 
(si - prin ' o - 
dont), a. and 
n. I. a. Per- 
cyprus 
Cyprus, a large island lying in the eastern part 
of the Mediterranean, and forming part of the 
Turkish empire, though occupied and adminis- 
tered by Great Britain since 1878 ; specifically, 
one of the primitive race of inhabitants, Greek 
in language and affinity. 2. The Greek dialect 
of Cyprus. 
II. a. Of or belonging to the island of Cyprus. 
Cypriote alphabet, a syllabic character, of disputed 
origin, used anciently for writing the Cypriote Greek 
dialect. Cypriote pottery, a class of pottery found in 
the island of Cyprus; specifically, the ancient vessels, of 
a somewhat coarse baked clay, found generally in tombs, 
Cyprinodon -variffatu 
taining to or having the characters of the Cy- 
prinodontidce. 
II. n. Same as cyprinodontid. 
cyprinodontid (si-prin-o-don'tid), . A fish of 
the family Cyprinodontidce. 
Cyprinodontidae (si-prin-o-don'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cyprinodon(t-) + -idee.] A family of 
haplomous fishes, typified by the genus Cypri- 
nodon. The head and body are covered with scales ; the 
margin of the upper jaws is formed by the intermaxilla- 
ries only ; there are teeth in both jaws ; the upper and 
lower pharyngeals have cardiform teeth ; the dorsal fin is 
situated on the hinder half of the body ; the stomach is 
without a blind sac ; and the pylpric appendages are absent. 
Many of them are known asfcillijighes, wumittycltorfg, etc. 
Cyprinodontidae carnlvorae, in Giinther's classification 
of Ishes, the first group of Cypriiwdontidce, characterized 
by the bones of each mandihulary being firmly united, and 
the intestinal tract short or but little convoluted. Cy- 
prinodontidae limnophagae, in Giinther's classification 
of fishes, a group of Cyprinodontidce, characterized by the 
hones of each mandibulary not being united (the dentary 
being movable), and the intestinal canal with numerous 
convolutions. The sexes are differentiated. 
Cyprinodontina (si-prin"o-don-tl'na), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cyprinodon(t-) + -ina 2 .] In"Giinther's 
classification of fishes, a subgroup of Cyprino- 
dontidce carnivorce, in which the anal fin of the 
male is not modified into an intromittent organ, 
and the teeth are incisor-like and notched. 
cyprinodontoid (si-prin-6-don'toid), a. and TO. 
[< Cyprinodon(t-) + -oid.'] I. a. Same as cy- 
prinodont. 
H. n. Same as cyprinodontid. 
cyprinoid (sip'ri-noid), a. and TO. I. a. Carp- 
like ; cyprine ; pertaining to or having the char- 
acters of the Cyprinoidea. 
II. n. A carp or carp-like fish; a fish of 
cyprinoid character; one of the Cyprinoidea. 
Cyprinoidea (sip-ri-noi'de-ii), TO. pi. [NL., < 
Cyprinus + -oidea.] A superfamily of plecto- 
spondylous fishes, embracing the families Cy- 
prinidce (carps, etc.), Homalopteridce (East In- 
dian fishes), Catostomidce (suckers), and Cobi- 
tidce (loaches). 
cyprinoidean (sip-ri-noi'de-an), a. and . [< 
Cyprinoidea + -an.] I. o.'O'f cyprinoid char- 
acter; cyprinoid. 
II. . One of the Cyprinoidea. 
Cyprinus (si-pri'nus), n. [NL., < L. cyprinus, 
; Gr. Kvn-plvof, a carp.] The typical genus of 
the family Cyprinidce; the carps proper. The 
genus has varied within wide limits. By Linn3us and the 
old authors all the eyentognathous fishes, as cyprinids, 
catostomids, and cobitids, with some others, were includ- 
ed. It gradually underwent delimitation by many zoolo- 
gists, and is now generally restricted to the carp. The 
common cultivated carp is C. carpio, of which there are 
many varieties. C. auratus is the common goldfish, but 
it belongs properly to a very distinct genus, Carataim. See 
Cypriot (sip'ri-ot), TO. See Cypriote. 
Cypriote (sip'ri-6t), . and a. [= F. Cypriot, 
Chypriot = It. Cipriotto, < L. Cyprius, Cyprian, 
< Cyprus, Cyprus.] I. n. 1. An inhabitant of 
Cypriote Pottery. 
and showing in their form and in their decoration, whether 
geometric or derived from animal or vegetable types, etc., 
a close affiliation to important series of pottery made on 
the mainland of Greece and Asia, and in other islands, as 
Rhodes and Thera. This pottery is important for the 
tracing of connecting-links between the art of Greece and 
that of other lands, as, for instance, in its exhibition of 
the gradual modification and Ilellenization of the Egyp- 
tian lotus as a decorative motive. 
Also Cyprian. 
cypripedin (sip-ri-pe'din), . [< Cypripcdium 
+ -in 2 .] The precipitate formed when water 
is added to a strong tincture prepared from the 
roots of plants of the genus Cypripedium. 
Cypripedium (sip-ri-pe'di-um), . [NL., < Gr. 
Ki-TTpif, Aphrodite (see Cyprian), + irefiiav, a 
plain, < jredav, the ground, akin to KOV<; (7106-) 
= E. foot.] A genus of orchids, remarkable for 
having the two lateral anthers perfect, while 
the third forms a dilated fleshy appendage above 
the stigma. The lip is large and saccate or somewhat 
slipper-shaped, whence the common names lady'i-Mpper 
and (in the United States) jnoccatnn-jtower. There are 
Cypripedium Vfitchii. 
about 40 species, ranging from the tropics to the colder 
temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. A single 
species, C. Calceolus, is rarely found in Great Britain ; 10 
species occur in the United States ; but the larger number 
belong to the tropics of America. The tropical species 
generally have thick, veinless leaves; and several of them 
are in frequent cultivation in greenhouses, where their 
forms have been largely increased in number by hybridi- 
zation. 
Cypris (sl'pris), . [NL., < L. Cypris, < Gr. 
KUTT/MJ, Venus (Aphrodite) : see Cyprian.] The 
typical genus of ostra- 
codes, of the family Cypri- 
did(B. The species are among 
the numerous and varied forms 
of minute fresh-water crusta- 
ceans known as water-fleas, 
swarming in ditches, pools, and 
other stagnant waters. Their 
shells abound in a fossil state, 
in fresh-water strata, from the 
Carboniferous formation up- 
ward. 
Cyprus 1 ! (si ' prus). . 
[L., < Gr. Kvrrpoc, a tree 
growing in Cyprus, sup- *^J.1 rpalpi ' caudal end; 
posed to be the same as 
the Heb. f/tt/iher, < KiVpoj, Cyprus. A different 
word and tree from cypress^ (L. cuprcssus), with 
which in E. it has been confused : see cypress^.] 
The Latin name of a tree, Lairsonia tilba, the 
common henna, growing in Cyprus and Egypt, 
yielding a fragrant oil. 
cyprus 2 t (si'prus), M. Same as cypress^. 
A Species of Cypris, highly 
.4, /, //, antennules and 
antenna?; M, /, //, ///, man- 
diblesand maxilla*: K, max- 
illary appendatje; P, /, //, 
thoracic members; e, I 
