Cyrtonyx 
A genus of American partridges or quails, the 
harlequin quails, of the family TetraonitUe and 
subfamily Odontophorinte or Ortyyiiuv: so called 
from the large curved claws. The hill is very stout ; 
the head crested ; tile tail so short that the rectrices are 
almost hidden byJhe coverts ; and the wing-coverts and 
inner secondaries"longated, covering the primaries when 
the wing is closed. The type is the Massena quail or par- 
triilge of the southwestern United States and Mexico, C. 
masseiui, a handsome species, the male of which has the 
face curiously striped with hlack and white, the under 
parts being velvety-black and mahogany-brown, crowded 
with circular white spots. 
Cyrtophyllum (ser-to-fil'um), re. [NL., < Gr. 
Kvpr6s, curved, arched, + di<'A'Aov, leaf.] A ge- 
nus of orthopterous insects, of the family Lo- 
custidce, of large size, green color, broad foli- 
aceous wings, and arboreal habits ; the katy- 
dids. There are a dozen species in the United States. C. 
confavux is the common katydid. Also Cyrtophyllu*. Bur- 
meister, 1838. See cut under katydid. 
cyst (sist), u. [< NL. cystis, < Gr. KVOTIC, the 
bladder, a bag, pouch, < KVCIV, conceive, be 
pregnant, orig. hold, contain. Cf. cyma.] 1. 
In anat., a bladder; a large vesicle. 2. In 
pathol., a bladder-like bag or vesicle in animal 
bodies which includes morbid matter. 
The larval form of tape-worm which is commonly de- 
veloped in cysts of the liver of the mouse and the rat. 
Owen, Anat., v. 
3. In zool., a hydatid ; a cystic worm, or encyst- 
ed state of a tapeworm. 4. In cryptogamic hot., 
a cell or cavity, usually inclosing other cells or 
reproductive bodies, as an envelop inclosing a 
group of diatoms or desmids, or a cell contain- 
ing an antherozoid; in certain algse, a spore- 
case. See coniocyst. 
Sometimes, improperly, cist. 
Dennoid cyst. See dernioiil. Ovarian cyst. See ova- 
rian. 
cystadenoma (sis"ta-de-no'ma), n. ; pi. eystade- 
nomata (-ma-ta). [NL., < cystis, cyst, + adeno- 
ma.'] An adenoma in which cysts are formed. 
CYStalgia (sis-tarji-a), . [NL., < Gr. icimte., 
bladder, + a/(}of, pain.] In pathol., pain in 
the urinary bladder: especially applied to pain 
coming in paroxysms. 
CystatropMa (sis-ta-tro'fi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Kvorif, bladder, + arpofoa, atrophy.] la pathol., 
atrophy of the bladder. Dunglison. 
cystectasy (sis-tek'ta-si), n. [< Gr. Kvarif, blad- 
der, + eKTaaif, extension, < iicrelvtiv, extend: 
see extend.] 1. Dilatation of the bladder. 2. 
In surg., a form of lithotomy in which a dilator 
is introduced through an incision in the mem- 
branous portion of the urethra, and forcibly 
dilates the prostatic portion to an extent suf- 
ficient to allow of the extraction of the stone. 
Also called lithectasy. 
cysted (sis'ted), a. [< cyst + -ed*.] Inclosed 
in a cyst ; encysted. 
cystelininth (sis'tel-minth), n. [< Gr. KVOTIC, a 
bladder (see cyst), + c/.uivf (i^/uvO-), a worm.] 
A cystic worm. 
cystenchyma, cystenchyme (sis-teng'ki-ma, 
-Mm), n. [NL. cysteitchyma, < Gr. KIJOTIC, a blad- 
der (see cyst), + "eyxvua, an infusion.] A kind 
of connective tissue occurring in some sponges, 
in some respects resembling certain kinds of 
vegetable parenchyma, consisting of closely ad- 
jacent oval cells of large size with thin walls 
and fluid contents. 
Cystenchyme very commonly forms a layer just below 
the skill of some Geodinidae ; . . . and as, on teasing the 
cortex, ... a large number of refringent fluid globules 
immiscible with water are set free, it is just possible it is 
sometimes a fatty tissue. Soltas, Encyc. Brit., XXII. 419. 
cystenchymatous (sis-teng-kim'a-tus), a. [< 
cystenchyma(t-) + -ous.] Having the character 
or quality of cystenchyma ; containing or con- 
sisting of cystenchyma. 
cystenchyme, n. See cystenchyma. 
Cysteoidae (sis-te-oi'de), n. pi. [NL.] Same 
as Cystoidea. 
cystic 1 (sis'tik), a. [= F. cystique = Sp. cistico 
= Pg. cystico = It. cistico, < NL. cysticus, < cys- 
tis, a cyst: see cyst.} 1. In anat., pertaining 
to a cyst, in any sense. Specifically (a) Pertaining 
to the hepatic cyst or gall-bladder : as, the cystic duct (con- 
veying gall into the gall-bladder); the cyitic artery (a 
branch of the hepatic artery going to the gall-bladder) ; 
the cystic plexus of nerves ; a cystic concretion ; a cystic 
remedy. (6) Pertaining to the urinary bladder. 
2. Resembling a cyst; cystoid; vesicular; 
bladdery. 3. Having a cyst or cysts; full of 
cysts ; cystose : as, a cystic tumor. 4. In zool., 
encysted; cysticereoid ; hydatid: specifically 
applied to the encysted or hydatid state of any 
tapeworm (Tcenia): opposed to cestoid (which 
see). 
Also, improperly, cistic. 
1434 
Cystic worm, or bladder-worm, a hydatid or scolex of 
a tapeworm, which may be a cysticercus with one tffinia- 
head, or a cusnure orechinococcus with several such heads. 
See these words, and cut under tcenia. 
cystic 2 (sis'tik), a. [< cyst(in) + -ic.] Pertain- 
ing to or derived from cystin Cystic oxid, c :i 
HfiN'OoS, a substance occurring in rare cases in urinary 
calculi which have a crystalline structure and are insolu- 
ble in water, alcohol, and ether : same as cyntin. 
Cysticat (sis'ti-ka), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
cysticus: see cystic 1 .} An old name of cystic 
worms, hydatids, or cysticerci, collectively, 
given when these were supposed to be a natural 
group of mature organisms. Kudolphi. 
cysticereoid (sis-ti-ser'koid), a. and n. [< cysti- 
cercus + -aid.] I. a. Of or pertaining to a 
cysticercus or other larva of a tapeworm ; hy- 
datid. 
II. n. The hydatid or encysted state of the 
larva of any tapeworm. 
The dog devours the louse, and the cysticereoid becomes 
a Tecnia ciicumerina in his intestine. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 187. 
cysticercus (sis-ti-ser'kus), n. [NL., < Gr. KV- 
rmc, bladder (see cyst), + KepKOf, tail.] A cystic 
worm or bladder-worm ; a hydatid ; an encysted 
scolex or tsenia-head ; the encysted state of the 
larva of a tapeworm. The name was originally given 
as a generic term, under the impression that the so-called 
Cysticercus cellulosce was a distinct genus and species of 
a parasite. It is the larva of the 'Tcetiia golium, found in 
measly pork, and developing in man into the tapeworm. It 
has but one taenia-head in the cyst, and the term a/xticer- 
CUH is retained as a convenient designation of such larvae. 
Thus, the cysticercus of the ox becomes in man Tcenia 
inediocanellata ; the Cyxticercus pitriformis of the rabbit 
becomes Tcenia serrata of the dog, wolf, or fox ; the Cysti- 
cercus fasciolaris of the rat and mouse develops in the cat 
as TcKnia crassicollis. The cystic worm of Tcenia ccenu- 
rus of the dog has many heads, and is known as a ccenure ; 
and the C&nurue cerebralis is found in the brain of sheep. 
Another fonn of many-headed cystic worm, complicated 
by proliferation, is the larva of Tcenia echinococcux of the 
dog, known as an echinococcus, Echinococcus veterinorutn- 
being found in the liver of man as well as of various do- 
mestic animals. See tcenia, coznure, echinococcus, and scolex. 
cysticle (sis'ti-kl), n. [< NL. *cysticula, dim. 
of cystis, a cyst : see cyst."] A small cyst. 
In some Acalephae the cysticles are not complicated with 
pigment cells. Owen, Anat., ix. 
cystid (sis'tid), n. [< Gr. Kvarir,, a bladder (a 
sac, cyst) : see cyst.] In Polygon : (a) The sac- 
cular, planuliform, ciliated embryo, from one 
end of which one or more polypids are developed 
from thickenings of the wall of the sac. 
The cystid is comparable to a vesicular morula. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 396. 
(6) The cell in which the body of the mature 
individual is contained, as distinguished from 
the polypid itself. 
The body and tentacular apparatus has been incorrectly 
regarded as a kind of individual, and opposed to the cell 
or cystid in which it is placed, as the polypid. 
Claus, Zoology (trans.), II. 73. 
cystide (sis'tid or-tid), n. [< cystidium.] 1. 
Same as cystidium. 2. In fungi of the family 
Uredinece, same as paraphysis. 
Cystidea. Cystidese (sis-tid'e-a, -e), n. pi. 
[NL.] An order of fossil crinoids: synony- 
mous with Cystoidea (which see). 
cystidean (sis-tid'e-an), n. [< Cystidea + -an.] 
A cystic crinoid; an encrinite of the order Cys- 
tidea. 
cystides, . Plural of cystis. 
cystidia, n. Plural of cystidium. 
cystidicolous (sis-ti-dik'6-lus), a. [Irreg. < Gr. 
id'<mf (ware-, KVOTI-), a bladder (see cyst), + L. 
colere, inhabit.] Inhabiting a cyst, as a cystic 
worm. 
cystidium (sis-tid'i-um), n. ; pi. cystidia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. KVOTIC, bladder, + dim. -if>im>.~\ In 
hymenomycetous fungi, a large spherical or 
ovoid cell which originates among the basidia 
and paraphyses, and projects beyond them. It 
is considered to be a sterile basidium. Also 
cystide. 
cystidoparalysis (sis"ti-d6-pa-rari-sis), . 
[NL.] See cystoparalysis. 
cystidoplegia (sis'ti-do-ple'ji-a), n. [NL.] See 
cystoplegia. 
cystifelleotomy (sis-ti-fel-e-ot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. 
Kvanc, bladder, + L. fel (fell-) (= Gr. x^), gall, 
+ Gr. rofit'i, a cutting: see anatomy.'] Same as 
cholecystotomy. 
cystiferous (sis-tif e-rus), a. [< NL. cystis, 
bladder (see cyst), + L. ferre = E. Sear 1 .] Hav- 
ing or producing cysts ; cystogenous. 
cystiform (sis'ti-form), a. [< NL. cystis, blad- 
der (see cyst), + it. forma, shape.] 1. Having 
the form or character of a cyst ; cystic in form. 
2. Encysted; hydatid; cysticereoid: as, a 
cystiform worm. 
cystococcoid 
toad-like 
cystignathid (sis-tig'na-thid), n. A t< 
amphibian of the family Cystignathidce. 
Cystignathidae (sis-tig-nath'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
' Oystiffnatkus + -idee.] A family of arciferous 
salient amphibians, typified by the genus Cys- 
tignathus, with toothed upper jaw and subcy- 
lindric or little dilated sacral diapophyses. It is 
Cystignathtis ocellatuy. 
one of the largest families of the order, with 26 genera and 
160 species, representing great diversity in mode of life, 
some being terrestrial or arboreal and others aquatic. It 
is represented only in the Australian and Neotropical re- 
gions. 
ignathus (sis-tig'na-thus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Kvane, bladder (see cyst), + yvdflof, jaw.] The 
typical genus of toads of the family Cystigna- 
thidie. C. oeellatus is an example. Also Cys- 
teognathus. Wagler, 1830. 
cystin (sis'tin), n. [< Gr. KVOTIC, bladder, + 
-iii 2 .] A substance (C3H 5 NO 2 S) crystallizing 
in colorless six-sided plates, and constituting a 
rare kind of urinary calculus. 
Cystiphyllidae (sis-ti-fil'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cystipliyllum + -ida;.] A family of Paleozoic 
rugose stone-corals, of the order Sclerodermata 
and group Rugosa. The corallum is simple, rarely 
compound ; the septa are very rudimentary ; and the vis- 
ceral chamber is filled with little vesicles formed by com- 
bined tabulae and dissepiments. Edwards and Haime, 1850 
Cystiphyllum (sis-ti-fil'um), n. [NL., < Gr. 
if, bladder, + tyiMjw, leaf.] The typical 
genus of fossil stone-corals of the family Cysti- 
phyllid<s. Murcltison, 1839. Also Cystiophyl- 
lum. Dana, 1846. 
cystirrhagia (sis-ti-ra'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Kvarif, bladder, + -payia, < pqyvvvai, break.] In 
pathol. : (a) Hemorrhage from the bladder. (6) 
Cystirrhea. 
cystirrhea, cystirrhoea (sis-ti-re'ii), n. [NL. 
cystirrhoea, < Gr. KVOTIC, the bladder, + poia, a 
flowing, < pelv, flow.] Inpathol., a discharge of 
mucus from the bladder ; vesical catarrh. Also 
cystorrhea, cystorrlicea. 
cystis (sis'tis), . ; pi. cystides (-ti-dez). [NL. : 
see cyst.] Same as cyst. 
Cystiscidae (sis-tis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cystis- 
cus + -idee. ] A family of pectinibranchiate gas- 
tropods, typified by the genus Cystiscus. The shell 
is undistinguishahle from that of a marginellid, but the 
teeth of the radllla are peculiar, 1>eing in one row, trans- 
verse, multicuspid, and with three cusps longer than the 
others. The species are of small size and inhabitants of 
various seas. 
Cystiscus (sis-tis'kus), . [NL. (Stimpson, 
1865), dim. of Gr. itiaTic., bladder: see cyst.] 
The typical genus of Cystiscidce. 
cystitis (sis-ti'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. Kvartf, the 
bladder, + -itis.] In pathol., inflammation of 
the bladder. 
cystitome (sis'ti-tom), n. [< NL. cystis, Gr. 
Kvtrrif, cyst (with reference to the cystis or cap- 
sule of the crystalline lens), + ro^of, cutting. 
Cf. cystotomc.] In surg., an instrument for 
opening the capsule of the crystalline lens. 
cystobubonocele (sis"t6-bu-bo'no-sel), n. [< 
Gr. KfoTff, bladder, + f)oi'/3uv, the groin, + kiff.ri, 
tumor.] In surg., a rare kind of hernia, in 
which the urinary bladder protrudes through 
the inguinal opening. 
cystocarp (sis'to-karp), n. [< Gr. wane., blad- 
der, + KapTrof, fruit.] The sexual fruit of algse 
of the order Floridea, consisting of spores either 
without a special membranous envelop or con- 
tained within a conceptacle or pericarp. Also 
cryptocarp, sporocarp. 
cystocarpic (sis-to-kar'pik), a. [< cystocarp 
+ -ie.] Consisting of cystocarps; having the 
character of a cystocarp. 
In Nemalion the cystocarpic fmit is a globular mass of 
spores. Farlou; Marine Algae, p. 20. 
Cystocarpic spore, a carpospore. 
cystocele (sis'to-sel), . [< Gr. Krone, bladder, 
+ nifi.ii, tumor.] A hernia or rupture formed 
by the protrusion of the urinary bladder. 
cystococcpid (sis-to-kok'oid), a. [< f'ystococ- 
cus + -oid.] Resembling alg of the geims 
Cystococcus. 
