Cystococcus 
Oystococcus (sis-to-kok'us), . [NL., < Gr. 
Ki'oT/f, bladder, + K&CMC, lierrv. ] A genus of 
the lowest chlorophyl-green fresh water algw, 
consisting of spherical cells, single or united 
in smalt families. They an- o MB <m dmp eutt 
bark of tree*, etc., and are thought to c ouMitiilr the no- 
nidiu ot -some lichens. 
cystocyte (sis'to-sit), . [< Gr. kinni;, a blad- 
der (see cyst), + M Tr, n hollow, a cavity (cell).] 
In sponges, one of the large cyst-like cells of 
cystenchyma, filled with fluid, and containing 
a nucleus with its included nucleolus support- 
ed in the fluid contents by fine protoplasmic 
threads which extend to the inner surface of 
the cell-wall and there spread out in a film, 
cystodynia (sis-to-din'i-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. M 
OTIC, bladder, + bmrvq, pain.] In ixttliol., pain in 
the bladder. 
cystofibroma (sis"t6-ft-br6'ma), n. ; pi. cystofi- 
oroiiuitii (-ma-tii). [NL., < eys'iix + fibroma.] A 
fibroma containing cysts. 
cystogenesis (sis-to-jen'e-sis), . [< Gr. KVOTIC, 
bladder (see cyst), + ytviatf, origin.] Same as 
oytogfncsis. 
cystogenous (sis-toj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. KI-OTIC, 
bladder (see cyst), + -ycvr/f, producing: see 
-genous.] Producing or bearing cells ; cystifer- 
ous. 
cystoid (sis'toid), a. [< cyst + -aid.] 1. Pre- 
senting the appearance of a cyst; cystiform. 
2. Pertaining to the Cystoideii ; cystoidean. 
Cystoidea (sis-toi'de-ii), . pi. [NL., < Gr. /./- 
crif, bladder, + fMof, 'form.] An order of fossil 
crinoids, encrinites or stone-lilies, having a 
rounded body inclosed in many pentagonal su- 
tured plates, a jointed stalk, and a lateral ori- 
fice closed by a pyramid of jointed plates. The 
order is correlated with filasttmtea and Crinoitlfa. See 
Criiioitlea. 2. Also Cytteoitla, Ci/stiilea, Cyslidete. 
cystoidean (sis-toi'de-an), a.andn. I. o. Hav- 
ing the character of a cystoid crinoid ; specifi- 
cally, of or pertaining to the Cystoidea. 
It. n. A member of the Cystoidea. 
cystolith (sis'to-lith), n. [< Gr. Kivrnc, bladder, 
+ AiBof, stone.] A 
peculiar concretion 
formed within the 
cells of certain 
plants, composed 
chiefly of crystals 
and attached to the 
wall of the cell by a 
short pedicel, it oc- 
curs frequently in the 
orders t rticacete and 
Acanthftceae, in the cells 
of the epidermis or sub- 
jacent tissue, but is 
rarely found in other 
orders. 
In the epidermal cells 
of species of Kiciis . . . 
prolongations inward of 
the cell-wall occur, at the extremity of which small crys- 
tals of carbonate of lime are deposited ; to these the name 
cifntolithx has been applied. Kiicyc. Brit., IV. 89. 
cystolitbiasis (sis'to-li-thi'a-sis), H. [NL., < 
Gr. M'O-nf, bladder, -t- }.i8nf, stone, + -iasis.] In 
piithol., the presence of a stone in the urinary 
bladder. 
cystolithic (sis-to-Eth'ik), a. [< Gr. wane, a 
bladder, + )ii6af, a stone (see cystolith and cys- 
tolitliiasis), + -ic.] In ined., relating to stone 
in the bladder. 
cystoma (sis-to'mii), n. ; pi. eystomata (-ma-tii). 
[NL., < cystis, a cyst, 4- -oma.] A tumor con- 
taining cysts. 
cystomorphous (sis-to-m6r'fus), a. [< Gr. 
KiVTif, bladder (see cyst), + pop^i/, form, + -ous.] 
Cyst-like; cystiform; cystoid. 
cystoparalysis (sis'to-pa-ral'i-sis), n. [NL., 
also less prop, cystidopanilyxis; < Gr. niarti; 
(KVOTY-, KVOTC-, not "avariA-), bladder, + irapA- 
Avaif, paralysis.] In pathol., paralysis of the 
bladder. 
Cystophora (sis-tot" o-ra), n. [NL., < Gr. xiarif, 
bladder, + -^opoc, < 'flpeiv = E. bear 1 .] The 
typical genus of the subfamily CyxtuplioriiKf,, 
containing only the hooded or bladder-nosed 
seal of the northern seas. Cyxtophora cristata. 
Cystophorinae (sis'to-fo-ri''ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cystophora + -hue.] A subfamily of Phix-iila; 
or ordinary earless seals, containing the bottle- 
nosed, bladder-nosed, and elephant seals. They 
have an intlataMe prolioscis-likecyst on t tic snout, accom- 
panied by modifications of the nasal and intermaxillary 
bones, and 4 incisors in each half of the upper and -2 in 
each half of the lower jaw. The group consists of the 
genera CyttOfktn anil Mii'-ri'/-lii//<i* containing respec- 
tively the arctic bladder-nosed and the antarctic bottle 
nosed seals. Sec also cut imilcr \. ul. 
1 136 
Hood of Hooded Seal ( Cyttofhora cristata ). showing relation of the 
inflatable proboscis tu the skull. { From " Science." } 
cystoplast (sis'to-plast), n. A nucleated cell 
navin"; an envelop. 
cystoplastic (sis-to-plas'tik), a. [< cystoplasty 
+ -ic. ] Pertain ing to or of the nature of cysto- 
plasty. 
cystoplasty (sis'to-plas-ti), n. [< Gr. 
bladder, -F TrMrrrof, verbal adj. of ir 
form.] A surgical operation for repair of the 
bladder, as the operation for vesico-vaginal 
fistula. 
cystoplegia (sis-to-ple'ji-a), n. [NL., also im- 
prop. cystidoplct/ia ; < Gr. xi-arif, bladder, + 
, a blow, stroke, < irM/eoftv, strike. Cf . cyx- 
Segment of a 
Frond of Cystoptt- 
ft's, bearing a so- 
rus on the hack of 
a vein : 
Section of Leaf of Fit-Ms elastica, 
highly magnified. 
a, epidermis ; *, hypoderma : c, 
palisaue cells ; d, spongy parenchy- 
ma ; e, cystolith. 
toparalysis.] In pathol., paralysis of the bladder, 
cystoplegic (sis-to-ple'jik), a. [< cystoplet/ia + 
-ic.] Pertaining to or resembling cystoplegia. 
cystoplexia (sis-to-plek'si-a), M. [NL., < Gr. 
Kitmc, Madder. + ir'/,ij$if, a blow, stroke, < TrM/o- 
ativ, strike.] Same as cystoplegia. 
Cystopteris (sis-top'te-ns), . [NL. (so called 
from its bladder-like" indusium), < Gr. KIOTII;, 
bladder, + nrfp/r, a fern.] A ge- 
nus of delicate flaccid polypodi- 
:n-eoiis ferns having the sori borne 
on the back of the leaf on the 
middle of a vein and covered 
with a membranaceous indusium 
attached only by the base; the 
bladder-ferns. Theyarefound incool, 
damp localities. There are 5 species, of 
which C. frugal* (the brittle fern) is 
found from within the arctic circle to 
\ vein ; partly re- <'hill, South Africa, and Tasmania. See 
lexettintTusinmat. also cut under blautder-fern. 
o"the''so t r U s"tow 5 ard CVStOptOSiS (sis - top -to ' sis), n. 
the base of the ser- [NL., < Gr. Ki-ari(, bladder, + 
Maci, ( a F nT TT, a falling, < win, fall.] 
"neVal d ^Bo'" 1 ^ B 7 )a "'''I prolapse Of the mu- 
Sique'*) >- cous membrane of the bladder 
into the urethra. 
Oystopus (sis -to 'pus), H. [NL., < Gr. KiW/c, 
bladder, + uift (un--), face, appearance.] A ge- 
nus of parasitic fungi, belonging to the family 
Peronosporete, and characterized by conidia 
produced in chains on very short conidiophores, 
forming compact sori upon the supporting leaf. 
C. Candidas is injurious to the cabbage, radish, 
and other cruciferous plants. 
cystorrhea, cystorrhoea (sis-to-re'a), . [NL.] 
Same as cystirrhea. 
cystose (sis'tos), a. [< cyst + -one.] Containing 
cysts ; full of cysts ; cystic; bladdery; vesicular. 
cystospastic (sis-to-spas'tik), a. [< Gr. KVOTIC, 
bladder, + o-Traor/kof, < *airaaT&i;, verbal adj. of 
a-Kdv, draw back, > o-jroo-^oj-, spasm : see spasm.] 
In pathol., pertaining to spasm of the bladder. 
cystotaenia (sis-to-te'ni-a), . [NL., < Gr. <- 
oT(f, bladder, 4- raivia, a tapeworm : see tawia.] 
1. A tapeworm: so called from the formation 
of the cysts characteristic of its larval state. 
2. [cap.] Same as Tcenia. 
cystotome (sis'to-tom), . [== F. cystotome = 
Pg. cystotomo, < Gr. Kvnrtf, bladder, + Tofttf, cut- 
ting, < re/jveiv, cut. Cf. cystitome.] A surgical 
instrument for cutting the bladder. Sometimes 
improperly called a lithotome. 
cystotomy (sis-tot'6-mi), n. [= F. cystotomie 
= Sp. cistotomia = Pg. cystotomia = It. cistoto- 
mia. < NL. cystotomia, < Gr. ttrarif, bladder, + 
rofa/, cutting, < ftuvciv, cut. Cf. cystotome.] In 
surg., the operation of opening encysted tu- 
mors for the discharge of morbid matter; spe- 
cifically, the operation of cutting into the uri- 
nary bladder for the extraction of a stone or for 
any other purpose. 
cystous (sis'tus), a. [< cyst + -ous.] Cystic. 
cytisin 
tode; especially, a nucleated cell, of whatever 
character, regarded us the fundamental form- 
element Of all tissue-,, n,,. ,,! ;,lom- U rare, but 
common ill i'oli)]>osltiiili, as li'</<'iH-i,t,-. ;ili.i li-^ilhu ly in tllf 
histology of spoiler*, ilM I'hinlH'n-l/ti-, i-ttllrnrtltr, (trttimCytt, 
iiif/ncj/tf, etc. 
cyternet, An obsolete spelling of i-itlnrn. 
tiythere (si tlie're), II. [NL., < L. Cytlirn; Cy- 
tlii'ri'ii, < Or. Kvdepeia, Aphrodite (Venus): see 
Cytltrrcaii.] Tlie typical genus of marine os- 
tracodes of the family Cythereidae. Miillcr, 1785. 
Cytherea (sitli-e-re'a), . [NL., after L. Cy- 
thi ri-a, a name of Venus : see Cytlierean.] A 
genus of si- 
phonate bi- 
valve mol- 
lusks, of the 
family Vene- 
riila', found- 
ed by La- 
marck in 
1806. it Is 
distinguished 
from \ r enu* by 
an anterior left 
lateral tooth. 
There are nu- 
merous species, 
mostly of the 
warmer seas. 
Cytherean (sith-e-re'an), a. [< L. Cythereiu, 
pertaining to Cytherea, Venus, < Gr. Kititpcta, 
Aphrodite: so named from Kif>r//ia, L. Cythera, 
now Cerigo, an island south of Greece, near the 
coast of which Aphrodite was fabled to have 
risen from the sea, and where she was specially 
worshiped.] 1. In myth., pertaining to the 
goddess Aphrodite (Venus). 2. In astron., 
pertaining to the planet Venus. 
Cytherta ditme. 
A Species of Cythrrt. 
a. antennule ; A, antenna ; < . man- 
dible ; rf. first maxilla : t, e, e, second 
maxilla and two thoracic members; 
/, caudal end : o. eye. 
cystula (sis'tu-la), n. ; pi. cystuUe (-le). [NL., 
dim. of cystis, a cyst: see cyst.] In hot., a 
round closed apothecium in lichens. The term 
is also applied to tne little open cups on the upper sur- 
face of the fronds in plants of the genus Marrhantiit. 
cyte (sit), . [< Gr. KiTOf, a hollow, a cavity, 
as the hold of a vessel, < xi'tiv, conceive, orig. 
contain; cf. cyst, cyme.] In biol., a cell; acy- 
Cythereidse, Cytheridae (sith-e-re'i-de, si- 
tner'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cythcre + -idte.] A 
family of marine os- 
tracoid entomostra- 
cous crustaceans, 
typified by the genus 
Cy there. They are char- 
acterized by the alisence 
of a heart; by having the 
anterior antenna) setose 
and bent at the base, and 
the posterior antennae 
largely developed and 
hooked : by legs in three 
pairs ; by a furcate atdo- 
men ; and by small and 
lobate forks. There are several genera iH-sides Cythert. 
cytheromania (sith-e-ro-ma'ui-ii), n. [NL., < 
Gr. KvSepeia, Aphrodite (see Cytherean), 4- /javia, 
madness.] Nymphomania. Vunglison. 
Cytinaceae (sit-i-na'se-e), ii.pl. [NL., < Cytinus 
+ -acca:] A small natural order of apetalous. 
parasitic, fleshy, leafless or scaly plants, allied 
to the Aristolochiaceft and to Xepenthes. It in- 
cludes the East Indian genus Rafflesia, remark- 
able for its gigantic flowers. 
Cytinus (sit'i-nus), . [NL. (from the form 
and color of the plant), < Gr. nirtvof, the calyx 
of the pomegranate, < KI'TOC, a 
hollow.] A small genus of 
parasitic plants, the type of 
the Cytinacea: c. //../;**;/, of 
the Mediterranean region, is of a rich 
yellow or orange-red color, and has 
been used as an astringent. The other 
species belong to South Africa and 
Mexico. 
cytioblast (sit'i-o-blast), n. 
[< Gr. 'KVT'IOV, assumed dim. of 
KtTOf , a hollow (cell), 4- (ttjurros, 
a germ.] The protoplasmic 
nucleus of a cell : used with ref- 
erence to certain fresh-water 
algee. Also cyhiblast. 
A central cytiottltixf wrapped up in generally radiating 
protoplasm. //. C. M ood, Fresh-Water AlgK, p. 159. 
cytioderm (sit'i-6-denn), n. [< Gr. *Kvriov, as- 
sumed dim. of KiTOf, a hollow (cell), + iep/ta, 
skin.] In hot., a cell-wall: used chiefly with 
reference to diatoms and desmids. 
cytioplasm (sit'i-o-plazm), . [< Gr. "mrrtav, 
assumed dim. of (error, a hollow (a cell), + 
ir>.Ao/ia, anything formed or molded.] In binl.. 
same as protoplasm : used chiefly with refer- 
ence to diatoms and desmids. Also cytoplasm. 
cytisin (sit'i-sin). n. [< Cytisus + -t2.] A 
bitter principle detected iii the seeds of the 
Laburnum nilyare (Cytisus Laburnum) and other 
CytiHMS Hyfofyttil. 
