Dendrocoela 
Dendrocosla (den-dro-se'la), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pl.oldmulrocaliis: see dendroccelous.] A prime 
division of turbellarian worms, f orming a subor- 
der of Turbella- 
ria: contrasted 
with Bhabdo- 
ccela. They are 
characterized by 
a broad flat body, 
often with plicat- 
ed lateral mar- 
gins, tentacular 
processes at the 
anterior end of 
the body, a mus- 
cular and usually 
protrusile pha- 
rynx, and an ar- 
tiorescent or den- 
driform alimen- 
tary canal, whence 
the name. They 
are aproctous and 
mostly hermaph- 
rodite. There are 
two subdivisions 
of the group : Mo- 
nogonopora, land 
and fresh-water 
planarians, with a 
single sexual out- 
let ; and Digonopo- 
ra, mostly marine 
forms, with don- Palyctlis (Leftaflana) Itnrigata, an 
ble sexual open- aproctous dendrpcoslous turbellarian or pla- 
narian (Planarida), magnified. 
ing. 
several families. ge^'iorffic^-^^'trJccTv'it^^with /'/^T'^s 
Commonly Called many cxcal 'ramifications;'/, ganglia;' f, 
planarians. testes; It, vesicular seminales; i, male geni- 
Hprtrlrnprpl JJT1 tal canal and penis ; k, oviducts; /, sperma- 
aenarOCGeian , neca , dilatatio Vat their junction ; m, vulva. 
(den- dro -se - 
Ian), n. '[< dendroccel + -an.] One of the Den- 
droccela; a planarian. 
dendrocoale (den'dro-sel), a. Same as dendro- 
ccelous. Huxley. 
Dendrocoelomata (den'dro-se-16'ma-ta), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. Sivdpav, a tree, 4- NL.' ccelomata, 
q. v.] Sponges having branched extensions 
or dendritic diverticula of the archenteron. A. 
Hyatt, Origin of Tissue, p. 114. 
dendroccelomatic (den-dro-se-lo-mat'ik), a. 
[< Dendroccdomata + -ic.] Of or pertaining to 
the Dendroucelomata. 
dendrocoslomic (den"dro-se-lom'ik), a. Same 
as dendroccelomatic. 
dendrocoalous (den-dro-se'lus), a. [< NL. den- 
droccelns, < Gr. Sevtipov, a tree, + KoMa, belly.] 
Having a branched or dendriform intestine; 
specifically, pertaining to the Dendrocoela. Also 
dendroccel and (properly) dendroccele, 
Dendroccelum (den-dro-se'lum), n. [NL., 
neut. of dendroccelus : see dendroccelous.] A 
genus of dendrocoelous turbellarians, of the 
family Planariidw, having lobed cephalic pro- 
cesses and a sheathed copulatory organ. D. 
lacteum is an example. 
Dendrocolaptae (den"dro-ko-lap'te), n. pi. 
[NL., pi. of dendrocolaptes: see Dendroco- 
laptes.] In Merrem's classification of birds 
(1813), a group coextensive with the Pici, Pi- 
cidce, or Piciformes, and Saurognatlue of modern 
authors ; the woodpeckers and wrynecks. 
Dendrocolaptes (deu"dro-ko-lap'tez), n. [NL., 
< Gr. 6ev6pov, a tree, + */to/lanT7/f, taken for 
/coAaiTT^p, a chisel (taken in sense of 'pecker'), 
, peck with the bill, chisel.] The typ- 
mous with Anabatida (which see), in which usage it 
covers an assemblage of about 50 current genera and 300 
species. In Sclater's arrangement it includes the furnari- 
ine, synallaxine, and sclerurine forms, as well as the den- 
drocolaptine proper. 
Dendrocolaptinae (den-dro-ko-lap-tl'ne), n. pi. 
[NL., < Dendrocolaptes +' -ince.] The South 
American tree-creepers proper, or the hook- 
billed creepers, typified by the genus Dendro- 
colaptes. They have generally lengthened, slender, and 
curved bills, stiff acuminate tail-feathers, and the scan- 
sorial habit of woodpeckers. Leading genera, besides 
Dendrocolaptes and its subdivisions, are Xiphorhynchus, 
Picolaptes, Dendrocincla, Sittatomus, Glyphorhynchus, 
and Pyfjarrhichug. 
dendrocolaptine (den^dro-ko-lap'tin), a. [< 
Dendrocolaptes + -tl.] Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the South American tree- 
creepers or hook-billed creepers. 
Dendrocolaptine birds are not, strictly speaking, song- 
sters. Nature, XXXIII. 201. 
Dendrocometes (den"dro-ko-me'tez), n. [NL., 
< Gr. 6h6pov, a tree, '+ 'KOUJITW, hairy: see 
comet. ] The typical genus of Dendrocometidce, 
containing sessile animalcules with indurated 
cuticle and many-branched tentacles. D. para- 
doxus is a parasite of fresh-water crustaceans. 
Dendrocometidae (den"dro-k6-met'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Dendrocometes + -idee.] Afamily of suc- 
torial tentaculiferous infusorians, with simple 
animalcules, which are multitentaculate and 
have the tentacles branched. 
Dendrocopus (den-drok'6-pus), . [NL., < Gr. 
as if *6ev6poi(6m)f (cf. Ssvipoiumelv, cut down 
trees), < ihSpov, a tree, + nfm-rnv, cut.] In or- 
nith. : (a) A genus of tree-creepers, the Den- 
drocolaptes. Vieillot, 1816. (ft) Agenus of wood- 
peckers, like Picus major, Koch, 1816. (c) A 
genus of American woodpeckers, like Picas 
principalis; the ivory-bills. Bonaparte, 1838. 
Dendrocygna (den - dro - sig ' na), n. [NL. 
(Swainson, 1837), < Gr. oMpovj'a, tree, + L. 
cygnus, cycnus, Gr. KVKVOC, a swan: see cygnet.] 
A genus of arboricole duck-like geese ; the tree- 
ducks. The bill is longer than the head, and ends in a 
prominent decurved nail ; the lamella do not project ; 
dendrological 
and individuals in the eastern United States. Upward of 
23 species, a large majority of the mentis, inhabit .North 
America. They are small birds, from 4A to 6 inches long, 
endlessly varied in coloration, migratory, insectivorous, 
Black-throated Green Warbler (Dcnttrorca firms). 
and usually nesting in trees or bushes. The bill is conic- 
acute, of moderate length, and garnished with bristles; 
the wings are pointed and longer than the tail, which is 
almost always blotched with white on the inner webs; 
and the tarsus is longer than the middle toe and claw. See 
warbler. Also spelled Dendroica. G. It. Gray, 1842. 
Dendroecidae (den-dre'si-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Dendrceca + -idee.'] A name of the American 
fly-catching warblers, derived from that of the 
largest genus. They are usually called Sylvi- 
colidce or Mniotiltidce (which see). 
Dendrogsea (den-dro-je'S), n. [< Gr. devSpov, 
tree, + yam, the earth.]" In zoogeog., a prime 
zoological division or realm of the earth's sur- 
face, including Central America and the West 
Indies, south of the Anglogffian or Nearctic 
realm, and the tropical portions of South Amer- 
ica. It is less comprehensive than the Neotropical re- 
gion, since the latter includes all of South America. See 
Amphigean, 2. 
Dendrogean (den-dro-je'an), a. Of or relating 
to Dendrogtea. 
dendrography (den-drog'ra-fi), . [= F. den- 
drographie, < Gr. ifadpov, a tree, + -ypatyia, < 
yp&Qfiv, write.] Same as dendrology. 
Dendrohyrax (den-dro'hi-raks), n. [NL., < 
Gr. itvdpav, tree, + ty>af, hyrax.] A genus of the 
family Hyracidw, including the arboreal conies 
of Africa, such as D. arborcw and D. dorsalis. 
The molar teeth are patterned somewhat as in Palatothe- 
riwn, the upper incisors being separated by a wide di- 
astema, and the lower being trilobate. The vertebra? are : 
cervical 7, dorsal 21, lumbar 7, sacral 5, and caudal 10. 
dendroid (den'droid), a. [= F. dendroide, < 
Gr. devipoeidyf, also contr. 6ev6pufai<;, tree-like, 
< fhSpov, a tree, + eMop , form.] Tree-like ; den- 
driform; ramified or arborescent; branching 
like a tree. 
dendroidal (den-droi'dal), a. [< dendroid + 
-n7.] Same as dendroid. 
DendrolagUS (den-drol'a-gus), . [NL., < Gr. 
Shdpov, a tree, + Aayuf ',' a hare.] A genus of 
kangaroos; the tree-kangaroos. They are adapted 
for arboreal life, having the tail less robust than that of 
the ground-kangaroos, and the limbs better proportioned, 
Tree-creeper (Dendrocolaftes longirostris). 
ical genus of South American tree-creepers, 
of the family Dendrocolaptidw. The name was for- 
merly used with much latitude, and was nearly equivalent 
to Dendr,,colaptina>; it is now more restricted in applica- 
tion. It is still an extensive genus, having as its type D. 
ffiyantem, and being divided into sections called Dendro- 
copus, Deiidi-exetastes, Dendroplex, Dendrornis, etc. 
Dendrocolaptidae (den"dro-ko-lap'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Dendrocolaptes +' -idw.] A family of 
South American non-oscine passerine birds; 
the tree-creepers. It is a very extensive group, highly 
characteristic ol the Neotropical fauna, but its characters 
and limits are unsettled. The name is loosely synouy- 
Australtan Tree-duck {Dendrocygna tytoni}, 
and the small oval nostrils are subbasal. The legs are 
very long ; the tibiae are denuded below ; the tarsi are en- 
tirely reticulate ; the hallux is lengthened ; and the feet 
are adapted for perching. There are several species, of 
various warm parts of the world ; the fulvous tree-duck (D. 
fulva) and the autumnal tree-duck (D. autumnalis) occur 
in the United States along the southern border. D. arborea 
is a West Indian and D. eytoni an Australian species. 
dendrodentine (den-dro-den'tin), n. [<Gr. 
devSpov, a tree, + B. dentine."] That modifica- 
tion of the fundamental tissue of the teeth 
which is produced by the aggregation of many 
simple teeth into a mass, presenting, by the 
blending of the dentine, enamel, and cement, 
a dendritic appearance. 
dendrodont (den'dro-dont), a. and n. [< NL. 
dendrodus (dendrodont-) : see Dendrodus.] I. a. 
Pertaining to the genus Dendrodits; having 
teeth consisting of dendrodentine, or present- 
ing a dendriform or dendritic appearance on 
section. 
II. . A fossil of the genus Dendrodus. 
Dendrodus (den'dro-dus), n. [NL., < Gr. tiiv- 
Spov, a tree, + bdovf (bSovr-) = E. tooth.] A 
genus of fossil fish-like vertebrates, from the 
Devonian or Old Red Sandstone. It is generally 
referred to the ganoids, and placed in a family variously 
called Glyptodipterini, HuloptychUdai, and Cyclodipterini. 
Dendroeca_(den-dre'ka), n. [NL., < Gr. AivApor, 
a tree, + olnof, house.] The most extensive and 
beautiful genus of American sylvicoline war- 
blers, of the family Dendrcecidte, Sylvicolidte, or 
Mniotiltida:. It is highly characteristic of the North 
American bird-fauna, and is especially numerous in species 
Tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagiis fMustus). 
with stronger claws. They move in the trees by leaping. 
The species are peculiar to New Guinea and northern 
Australia. 
dendrolite (den'dro-Ht), n. [= F. dendrolithe. 
< Gr. Aev&pav, a tree, + Aidof, a stone.] A pet- 
rified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant. 
dendrological (den-dro-loj'i-kal), a. [< den- 
drology + -is-al.] Of or pertaining to dendrol- 
ogy- 
Dendrological science has met with a great, an almost 
irreparable, loss in the death of Alphonse Lavallee. the 
best-known and most successful student and collector of 
trees of this generation. Science, IV. 10. 
